MSc Coastal and Marine Resource Management: Resource Management

Ballast Water Management

Student ID: 604739

Objectives Identify what Ballast Water is, the implications

arising from it and affected areas. Key dates in the development of the current

management programmes. The overarching tools and approaches with

examples from various countries of their methods and strategies for implementation

Overview of its success/ limitations.

What is Ballast Water?

What is Ballast?How long has water been used as

ballast?Why is it used?

Implications of Ballast Water

Severe ecological, economic and health problems

WHY?

INVASIVE AQUATIC SPECIES

(BBC, 2008)

Examples of shipbourne inductions worldwide since the 1980’s

Marine Board, Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems, National Research Council (1996)

Japan

New Zealand

Worldatlas (n.d)

USA

CubaColumbia/ Venezuela

North/ Western Europe Black/ Azov Sea

Mediterranean

Australia

Key Developments UNCED conference, Rio de Janerio - 1992 Ballast Water Working Group 1999 onwards World Summit on Sustainable Development -

Johannesburg 2002 GloBallast programme - 2000 IMO 89th session - 2002 IMO 23rd session - 2003 International Conference on Ballast Water

Management for Ships’ - London 9-13 Feb 2004.

International Maritime Organisation2 (2011)

Management tools and approaches 1

Tools: minimizing uptake of organisms into ballast water tanks. removing ballast sediment avoiding unnecessary discharge of ballast water ballast water exchange. treatment of ballast water discharge to reception facilities.

The GloBallast programme8 has identified several management tools and approaches that need to be incorporated into a national strategy to minimise the risk of IAS.

Approaches: Operational procedures for ships and ports Monitoring Inspection and certification Training and education Clear roles, responsibilities and mandates.

Policies, strategies, legal frameworks and institutional arrangements that are appropriate and coherent on a national as well as international level to regulate and guide are also needed.

Management tools and approaches 2

Tamelander et al. (2010)

Areas of Laws and Policies relevant to IAS Environment management/ protection Wildlife Health Food Aquaculture Trade, import and export Customs Fisheries Maritime safety

Tamelander et al. (2010)

Examples of: Country Summary

Specific national IAS legislation

UK Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006

South Africa National Environmental Management Biodiversity Act, 2004 (No. 10 of 2004)

National IAS strategies Norway The Norwegian Strategy on Invasive Alien Species is a cross-sectoral approach to halt biodiversity loss.

Canada In September 2004, the federal government and its provincial and territorial counterparts introduced An Invasive Alien Species Strategy for Canada to reduce the risk of invasive alien species and conserve our ecosystems.

Countries with regulatory framework for addressing ballast water issues

Australia Avoid adverse economic, environmental and public health impacts of unwanted marine organisms by reducing the risk of introduction from international ships’ ballast water without unduly impeding trade or compromising ship safety

Regional strategies of BWM Interim Guinea Current Commission (IGCC)

Held two regional conferences to develop and adopt a Regional Strategic Action Plan, finalized in July 2009. Established Regional Task Force and its Terms of Reference.

National examples of legislation, strategies and regulatory frameworks.

Source: Tamelander et al (2010)

Conclusion 1: No system or practice used today will totally prevent the spread of IAS.

Based on the conclusions set out by the Marine Board, Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems, National Research Council (1996), there is one conclusion that would suggest that no management scheme will be adequate to correct the damage already done to the ecosystem by IAS:

Has it been successful? 1

Has it been successful? 2

IMO’s voluntary guidelines Developing regulations at international level is currently

the most effect method to control ballast water operations

Most promising technologies for successful treatment appear to be mechanical separation techniques

Chemical and thermal technologies are good possible alternatives

However, some of their conclusions could suggest that the aims of the IMO and it’s international states are aiming to limit further damage and the spread of IAS:

Marine Board, Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems, National Research Council (1996),

Conclusion

There is a suggestion that the guidelines set by the IMO are precautionary based

It is an international framework, suggesting a holistic approach

It’s sustainable

QUESTION TIME

List of photos

Title slide: NBIC (n.d), Present Ballast Water Management Practices retrieved

from http://invasions.si.edu/nbic/managementpract.html BLOG Nature Crusaders (2009), Tiny opaque ninjas spreading in

the warm oceans of the world, retrieved from http://naturescrusaders.wordpress.com/2009/02/03/tiny-opaque-ninjas-spreading-in-the-warm-oceans-of-the-world/

Water System (n.d) Ballast water Treatment Systems, retrieved from http://watersystemsz.com/1721-ballast-water-treatment-systems.html

References1. BBC (2008), Microwaves ‘cook ballast aliens’, retrieved from http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/7392072.stm2. Blue Water Ventures Key West, (2011), Ballast Archeology, retrieved from

http://www.bwvkw.com/Research/Archaeology/BallastArch.aspx3. International Chamber of Shipping (2011), Annual Review 2011, p19 retrieved from

http://www.marisec.org/annualreview.htm 4. International Maritime Organisation1 (2011), Ballast Water Management, retrieved from

http://www.imo.org/OurWork/Environment/BallastWaterManagement/Pages/Default.aspx5. International Maritime Organisation2 (2011), BWM Convention, retrieved from

http://www.imo.org/OurWork/Environment/BallastWaterManagement/Pages/BWMConvention.aspx 6. GloBallast (200-2011), GloBallast Partnerships GloBallast Programme, retrieved from

http://globallast.imo.org/index.asp?page=gef_interw_project.htm&menu=true 7. Marine Board, Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems, National Research Council (1996),

Stemming the tide Controling INdroductions of Nonindiginous Species by Ships’ Ballast Water,National Academy Press, Washington D.C.USA, ISBN 0-309-05537-7 p 13, 86-89 retrieved from http://site.ebrary.com/lib/portsmouth/docDetail.action?docID=10055606

8. Tamelander, J., Riddering, L., Haag, F. and Matheickal, J (2010), Guidelines for Development of a National Ballast Water Management Strategy Globallast Monograph Series No. 18, London: International Maritime Organisation, ISSN 1680-3078, p15

9. Worldatlas (n.d), World atlas explore your world, retrieved from http://www.worldatlas.com/aatlas/world.htm