culture copyright © 2011 pearson education, inc. all rights reserved. this multimedia product and...

CultureCopyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law:

any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; any rental, lease, or lending of the program

1

Essentials of Essentials of

SociologySociology

99thth Edition Edition

Chapter 2: CultureChapter 2: Culture


What is Culture?

Components of

Symbolic Culture

Many Cultural

Worlds: Subcultures

and Countercultures

Values in U.S. Society

Technology in the

Global Village

Cultural Lag,

Diffusion, and Labeling

2

Chapter OverviewChapter Overview


C

ulture is: The language, beliefs, values, norms, and behaviors passed on

from one generation to the next

H

ow is this accomplished?

M

aterial vs. Nonmaterial Cultures

C

ultural Lag: When nonmaterial culture lags behind material

culture

3

What is Culture?What is Culture?


W

hat is Normal, Natural, or Usual?

W

e believe our ways are “Normal”

E

thnocentrism-the belief that our culture is the “best”

C

ulture Shock- coming into contact with a culture that is

different from what we know

4

Ethnocentrism and Ethnocentrism and Culture ShockCulture Shock


U

nderstanding a cultures practices from

their perspective i.e., Bull Fighting in Spain

R

ichard Edgerton - “Sick Cultures”

5

Cultural Cultural RelativismRelativism


S

ymbols

G

estures

L

anguage

N

orms (Folkways, Mores, Taboos)

V

alues 6

Components of Components of Symbolic CultureSymbolic Culture


Allows Human Experience to Be Cumulative Provides a Social or Shared Past Provides a Social or Shared Future Allows Shared Perspectives Allows Complex, Shared, Goal-Directed Behavior

7

Five Purposes Five Purposes of Languageof Language


I

nstead of objects determining our

language, our language determines the

way we see objects

i.e. Eskimos and snow

8

Sapir-Whorf Sapir-Whorf HypothesisHypothesis


Norms - Expectations or rules for behavior Informal and Formal Norms Norms will change as cultures change Sanctions - Reaction to following or breaking

norms Positive Sanctions Negative Sanctions

9

Norms and Norms and SanctionsSanctions


F

olkways - Norms that are not strictly

enforced

M

ores - Norms, when broken, go against

a society’s basic core values

T

aboos - Norms, when broken, are

considered repulsive 10

Folkways, Mores, Folkways, Mores, and Taboosand Taboos


Subculture:

A world within the dominant culture

The norms and values do not clash with those of

the dominant culture

Countercultures:

A world within the dominant culture

The norms and values clash with those of the

dominant culture11

Subcultures and Subcultures and CounterculturesCountercultures


Values in U.S. SocietyValues in U.S. Society

12

Romantic LoveDemocracyScience and Technology

ReligiosityFreedomEfficiency and

Practicality

EducationHumanitarianismActivity and Work

Racism and Group Superiority

Material ComfortIndividualism

EqualityProgressAchievement and

Success

CultureCopyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 13

Value Clusters: Values that

are similar to each other

Value Contradictions: Values

that contradict one another

Value Clusters: Values that

are similar to each other

Value Contradictions: Values

that contradict one another

Value Clusters and Value Clusters and ContradictionsContradictions


L

eisure

S

elf-fulfillment

P

hysical Fitness

Y

outhfulness

C

oncern for the Environment 14

Emerging ValuesEmerging Values


Sociologists use the term ideal culture to refer to the values, norms, and goals that a group considers ideal, worth aiming for (i.e Success).

Sociologists call the norms and values that people actually follow real culture.

15

Ideal vs. Real CultureIdeal vs. Real Culture


Central to a group’s material culture is its technology. Technology can be equated with tools.

New technology refers to an emerging technology that has a significant impact on social life.

Technology sets the framework for a group’s nonmaterial culture.

16

Technology in the Global VillageTechnology in the Global Village


C

ultural Diffusion: The spreading of cultural characteristics from one

culture to another

W

hy is this happening so rapidly?

C

ultural Leveling: When cultures start to become similar to each other

17

Cultural Diffusion and Cultural Cultural Diffusion and Cultural LevelingLeveling

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