“ copyright © allyn & bacon 2010 deviance 10e chapter four: physical violence this multimedia...

“Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2010

Deviance 10eDeviance 10eDeviance 10eDeviance 10e

Chapter Four: Chapter Four: Physical Violence

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IntroductionIntroduction

Myths cloud our understanding of physical Myths cloud our understanding of physical violenceviolence E.g. African Americans are more likely to kill E.g. African Americans are more likely to kill

whites and that women kill their husbands due whites and that women kill their husbands due to infidelityto infidelity

Terrorism now accounts for much Terrorism now accounts for much violence, especially in Israel and Londonviolence, especially in Israel and London


Assault and Aggravated Assault Assault and Aggravated Assault

AssaultAssault: unlawful use of physical force against : unlawful use of physical force against another personanother person

Aggravated assaultAggravated assault involves intent to kill or the involves intent to kill or the use of a deadly weapon, where the victim use of a deadly weapon, where the victim survives rather than diessurvives rather than dies

Assaulters are less likely than murderers to use Assaulters are less likely than murderers to use firearmsfirearms

Assault rises dramatically during the summer Assault rises dramatically during the summer


Who is More Likely to Kill? Who is More Likely to Kill?

Over 90% of murderers in the U.S. are in Over 90% of murderers in the U.S. are in the lower classes the lower classes

While making up 12% of the general While making up 12% of the general population, blacks account for 45% of the population, blacks account for 45% of the murders murders

Most killings are INTRA-racial Most killings are INTRA-racial


Who is More Likely to Kill? – cont.Who is More Likely to Kill? – cont.

Southern region has the highest rate (10 per 100,000) Southern region has the highest rate (10 per 100,000) Large cities have a significantly higher murder rate than Large cities have a significantly higher murder rate than

small cities/rural areas small cities/rural areas More men than women kill, and kill other menMore men than women kill, and kill other men Women usually kill in defense of themselves in an Women usually kill in defense of themselves in an

abusive relationship abusive relationship Both male and female murderers are relatively youngBoth male and female murderers are relatively young

highest murder rate is aged 15-19 for males and aged 20-24 for highest murder rate is aged 15-19 for males and aged 20-24 for femalesfemales


TABLE 4.1 How Urban and Rural TABLE 4.1 How Urban and Rural Murder Rates DifferMurder Rates Differ


Who is More Likely to Kill? – cont.Who is More Likely to Kill? – cont.

Today, the overall murder rate in the United Today, the overall murder rate in the United States is lower than it was in the mid- 1980sStates is lower than it was in the mid- 1980s

Since 1985 murders committed by teenagers are Since 1985 murders committed by teenagers are on the riseon the rise Reasons: many inner-city teenagers carry guns to Reasons: many inner-city teenagers carry guns to

protect themselves, availability of guns, dysfunctional protect themselves, availability of guns, dysfunctional families, drugs, the declining quality of public schools, families, drugs, the declining quality of public schools, and increased violence on TV and in the movies. and increased violence on TV and in the movies.


Patterns of Killing Patterns of Killing

Fewer murders occur during fall and Fewer murders occur during fall and spring, and more during July and August; spring, and more during July and August; they also peak during Decemberthey also peak during December

Saturday night is the time of week murders Saturday night is the time of week murders most often occur. most often occur.

Higher class murders, though, are more Higher class murders, though, are more premeditated and show no variation by premeditated and show no variation by time of year or weektime of year or week


Patterns of Killing – cont.Patterns of Killing – cont.

Men commit murders inside and outside the houseMen commit murders inside and outside the house Women almost exclusively kill in their own homes, Women almost exclusively kill in their own homes,

especially in the kitchenespecially in the kitchen If guns were less available, many heated arguments If guns were less available, many heated arguments

would result in aggravated assaults rather than murderswould result in aggravated assaults rather than murders In America, over 10,000 handgun homicides occur each In America, over 10,000 handgun homicides occur each

yearyear In other industrialized nations such as Canada, England, In other industrialized nations such as Canada, England,

and Japan, where guns are much harder to get, the and Japan, where guns are much harder to get, the number is less than 100number is less than 100


Characteristics of Homicide Characteristics of Homicide

Of all crimes, homicide is least likely to Of all crimes, homicide is least likely to involve strangers (less than 20%) involve strangers (less than 20%)

In 1 of 4 homicides the victim first attacks In 1 of 4 homicides the victim first attacks his subsequent slayer (his subsequent slayer (victim-precipitated victim-precipitated homicidehomicide))

most homicides result from a "character most homicides result from a "character contest" among lower-classcontest" among lower-class


Characteristics of Homicide – cont. Characteristics of Homicide – cont.

Homicide-suicide offenders first kill another person and Homicide-suicide offenders first kill another person and then themselvesthen themselves Sociologists see suicide as remorseSociologists see suicide as remorse Psychologists see suicide as psychosisPsychologists see suicide as psychosis

Mass murder:Mass murder: killing a number of people at about the same killing a number of people at about the same time and placetime and place Offenders usually die by their own hands or the hands of the policeOffenders usually die by their own hands or the hands of the police

Serial murder: involves killing a number of people one at a Serial murder: involves killing a number of people one at a time.time. Most murder in one city, plan what they do, stalk their victims, and Most murder in one city, plan what they do, stalk their victims, and

lure them into traps lure them into traps Often suffered abuse while children and cannot feel remorse for Often suffered abuse while children and cannot feel remorse for

hurting others.hurting others.


Figure 4.1 Most Victims Know Their Figure 4.1 Most Victims Know Their Killers Killers


The Social Profile of Serial Killers The Social Profile of Serial Killers

Most serial killers: Most serial killers: Usually seem like ordinary peopleUsually seem like ordinary people Are typically blue collar workersAre typically blue collar workers Are usually white men in their late 20s or 30sAre usually white men in their late 20s or 30s Are typically motivated by an intense desire Are typically motivated by an intense desire

for power and sadismfor power and sadism


Global Perspective: Homicide Global Perspective: Homicide

Homicide rates are higher in developing Homicide rates are higher in developing countriescountries

Latin America has the highest homicide rate in Latin America has the highest homicide rate in the world – characteristic of “machismo culture”the world – characteristic of “machismo culture”

in the highly patriarchal societies such as the in the highly patriarchal societies such as the Middle East, women are likely to fall victim to Middle East, women are likely to fall victim to “honor killings” by their male relatives“honor killings” by their male relatives

The U.S. has the highest homicide rate among The U.S. has the highest homicide rate among developed countriesdeveloped countries


School Violence School Violence

School violence is attributed, in part, to the School violence is attributed, in part, to the availability of guns, media violence, and a availability of guns, media violence, and a culture of violenceculture of violence

Offenders are highly likely to be those Offenders are highly likely to be those rejected by parents and peersrejected by parents and peers


Stalking Stalking

Stalking:Stalking: act of pursuing someone that act of pursuing someone that creates the fear of being assaulted or creates the fear of being assaulted or killedkilled

Most stalkers know their victimsMost stalkers know their victims Most cases are men stalking womenMost cases are men stalking women No racial differencesNo racial differences


Hate Killing Hate Killing

9,000 Americans per year experience hate 9,000 Americans per year experience hate crimes crimes

African Americans and gays are the most likely African Americans and gays are the most likely victims victims

Most hate killers are part of hate groups, which Most hate killers are part of hate groups, which are often formed in prisonare often formed in prison

Three types of hate killers: Three types of hate killers: thrill hate killersthrill hate killers defensive hate killers defensive hate killers mission hate killersmission hate killers


Genocide Genocide

GenocideGenocide: whole-scale killing of a racial or : whole-scale killing of a racial or ethnic groupethnic group

Perpetrators have a job of killing others Perpetrators have a job of killing others under orders under orders

Bystanders are average citizens who Bystanders are average citizens who usually do nothing usually do nothing


Genocide – cont.Genocide – cont.

Theories of genocide:Theories of genocide: physical or psychological separation between physical or psychological separation between

perpetrators and victimsperpetrators and victims dehumanization of victimsdehumanization of victims obedience to authority when askedobedience to authority when asked psychological ability to dissociate from the insanity of psychological ability to dissociate from the insanity of

killingkilling Power – The more power that a government has, the Power – The more power that a government has, the

greater its ability to carry out killing on a large scalegreater its ability to carry out killing on a large scale


Terrorism Terrorism

TerrorismTerrorism: violence intended for a government but : violence intended for a government but victims are usually innocent citizensvictims are usually innocent citizens e.g. Timothy McVeigh, al Qaeda e.g. Timothy McVeigh, al Qaeda

The suicide attacks of 9/11 were said to be waged The suicide attacks of 9/11 were said to be waged against “the Great Satan” or the U.S., as part of a holy against “the Great Satan” or the U.S., as part of a holy warwar

The U.S. has obtained assistance from friendly Muslin The U.S. has obtained assistance from friendly Muslin countries, such as Saudi Arabia and Pakistancountries, such as Saudi Arabia and Pakistan

Following 9/11, most Muslim nations express less Following 9/11, most Muslim nations express less support for terrorism than in the pastsupport for terrorism than in the past


Why Do People Kill? Why Do People Kill?

Two popular theories:Two popular theories:1.1. external restraint theoryexternal restraint theory: tries to explain : tries to explain

how the presence or absence of how the presence or absence of restraints controls the expression of restraints controls the expression of frustrationfrustration

2.2. subculture of violence: basic cause of subculture of violence: basic cause of high homicide rates in poor high homicide rates in poor neighborhoods neighborhoods


Does the Death Penalty Deter Does the Death Penalty Deter Murder? Murder?

The death penalty is not very effective in The death penalty is not very effective in deterring murder deterring murder

However, it does prevent the offender However, it does prevent the offender from committing further crimefrom committing further crime

And satisfies the societal cry for And satisfies the societal cry for retributionretribution

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aggravated assault assault

highest rate

higher murder rate

overall murder rate

young highest murder

females highest murder

person assault