c. nature cambridgeshire

Trifolium och~olrucon H~tds. Hmdwick, Combs., 1952 M. C. F . P ~ o c t o r

N A T U R E

CAMBRIDGESHIRE Published 6y the I

Cambridgeshire and Isle of Ely Naturalists' Trust Ltd.

with the support of the Cambridge Natural History Society

FIora of the British IsIes A . R . C L A P H A M , T . G . T U T I N &

E . F. W A R B U R G

A second edition of the standard British Flora, largely rewritten and completely reset, embodying the results of research up to 1960. Most of the larger keys have been modified for easier use and accounts of introduced plants have been extensively altered. Second edition, 70s. net

FIora LIIustrations Three volumes of Illuswotionr to the Flora of rhe Britirh Isles are already published and a fourth will complete them. Sybil Roles has used fresh specimens for her drawings in almost every case. The first threc Parts cover Pteridophyta - Papilionaceae, Rosaceae - Pclemoniaceae and Boraginaceae - Compositae. Pmt I, N Ci III

each 32s. 66. net

Excursion FIora This is 8 more concise version of the Flora of the British Isles, designed to fit the pocket. I t has keys and des- criptions which omit only the details which interest the advanced student. There is no sacrifice of scientific standards. 22s. 6d. ner

Bird Song W . H . T H O R P E

A biological study of vocal communication and expression in birds, demonstrating that they sing in a musical sense and use calls as a form of language. 20s. net

C A M B R I D G E U N I V E R S I T Y P R E S S

FIELD STUDIES COUNCIL

C O U R S E S F O R N A T U R A L I S T S

1964 -

Many of the one-week residential field courses (held from March to A p ~ i l a t seven Centree in England & Wales) are particularly designed for amateur naturalists. Among them are the following:-

Dale For t Fie ld Centre, Haverfordwest, Pembs, 15 - 22 July 1 . Insect Natural History

2. Coastal Plants 22 - 29 July Man & t h e Pembrokeshire Coast 26 Aug. - 2 Sept. The Pembrokeshire Coast & National P a r k

Flatford Mill Field Centre. East Bergholt. Colchester. Essex 22 - 29 Ju ly Garden Botany 19 - 26 August Botany of Coast & Estuary 26 Aug. 2 Sept. Small Mammals 16 - 23 Sent. Nature Conservation 30 Sept. - '7 Oct. Marsh & Water Birds

Juniper Hall Field Centre, near Dorking, m y . - 1 - 8 April Soils Study (introductory) 15 - 22 April Bryaphytes 26 Aug. - 2 Sept. Snails &Slugs 2 - 9 Sept. Lichens (introductory)

Malham Tarn Field Centre. near Settle. Yorks. 22 - 29 Bird Song 8 - 15 July Grasses , Sedges & Rushee 15 - 22 July Freshwater Ecology I9 - 26 August Insects - collecting, mounting &naming. 26 Aug. - 2 Sept. Mosses & Liverworts

Preston Montford Field Centre, n e a r S h r e w s h u r y , a p - 1 - 8 April Birds of Shropshire 15 - 22 July 1. F o r e ~ t r y - woodland ecology & management

2 .Graases . Sedees & Rushes . - 1 - 8 August Animal Ecology - field methods

Slapton Ley Field Centre, near Kingsbridge. Devon -- 29 July - 5 Aug. 1 . Wild Flowers of S. Devon

2. Fieldwork & Photography 5 - 12 August Seaweeds (beginners) 2 - 9 Sept. Lichens & Fungi (introductory)

Orielton Field Centre, n e a r Pembroke, S. Wales 5 - 12 August The Living Countryside 12 - 19 August The Pembrokeshire National Pa rk - conservation

& development

m: The standard weekly charge of £9 i s reduced to f8.10. for Amateurs. Members of local natural history societies o r groups should enauire about Carneeie Bursaries. bv which the fee mav he further - , reduced by $3 (to f 5 r 1 0 . ) in certain circumstances.

Single or d a u b l e m s are usually available. APPLICATIONS or requests fo r fur ther information should be made to the Warden of the Field Centre. General enquiries and requests for full programmes, e t c . should be sent to:

The Publicity Secretary , F S. C. , Ravensmead, Kcston, Kent.

CAMBRIDGESHIRE AND ISLE OF ELY NATURALISTS' TRUST LTD.

Registered Office: 1 Brookside, Cambridge Tel: 58144

Patron: THE LORD FAIRHAVEN

THE COUNCIL 1963-64

President 3 . S. L. Gilmour

Hon. Secretary (Cambs.) D r . S.M. Walters, 1 Brookside, Cambridge

Hon. Secretary (Isle of Ely) A. E. Vine, 101 Victoria Street , Littleport

Hon. Asst. Secre tary Mrs . G. Crompton, Thriplow F a r m , Thriplow, Carnbs.

Hon. Treasure r C. J .E.Steff , Barclays Bank, Bene't Street, Cambridge

Hon. Asst. T reasure r 3. C. Faulkner, School House, Abington, Cambs .

Members

P. 3. Bourne 3. Clegg 3 . W. Clarke P . 3 . Conder Dr. E.A.Duffey D. V. Durell W. E.H. Fiddian B. 0. C. Gardiner

E.A.George Miss K. B. Gingell W. P. Kingdon W.H Palmer S. R . Payne Dr. 3. Smart Dr. M.Stanier D r . A.S.Watt

County Planning Department Representatives B. Mellar (Isle of Ely) G. Wood ( C a m b ~ . )

Hon. Secretary of Technical Committee Dr. F. H. Pe r r ing

Joint Hon. Secretar ies of Hayley Wood Management Committee

D r . C. D. Pigott and M. H. Martin

Hon. Editor P. G. Hall

Auditors Peters , Elworthy and Moore

Editorial

CONTENTS

Page

1

Report of the Council f o r 1963

T rea su re r ' s Report

Statement of Accounts

National Nature Week W. E. H. Fiddian

Cambridge Natural History Society Report for 1959

Wicken Fen Committee Annual Report for 1962-63

Thriplow Meadows Grazing Experiment: I11 G. Crompton

Additions t o the Coleoptera of Thriplav Meadow A. C Warne

Field Meetings in 1963

Hayley Wood C. D. Pigot t & M. H. Mart in

Trifolium ochroleucon Huds. in Cambridgeshire P. J. Bourne

Development of the Pappus in Ligulate Compositae H. Meyer

Recent Bryophyte Records f rom Wicken Fen M. Lock

Vascular Plant Records f o r 1963 F . H Pe r r i ng

Fu r the r Records of Myxomycetes in Cambridgeshire B.Ing

Book Review S.M. Walters

Weather Notes fo r Cambridgeshire , 1963 J. W. Clarke

Lis t of Members

The drawings we re especial ly done for this number by Mr. B . Golding .

To members of the Naturalists' Trust and those who sym- pathise with its aims one of the most important events of last year has been National Nature Week, a report of which appears elsewhere in this journal. There a r e many indica- tions that i t helped to increase public awareness of the richness of our national heritage and the vital importance of nature conservation i f this heritage is to be preserved. People a r e beginning to realise that naturalists a r e not just harmless cranks who pop up wearing camouflage and equipped with vasculum, binoculars, or net, but people acutely concerned with the present and the future. Both the need for planning and the dangers of such things a s toxic insecticides a r e more widely appreciated than ever before.

In recent weeks the dangers to nature have been em- phasieed by the industrial poisoning of land a t Smarden and the report of the special commission on pesticides in Sweden. But there i s still further need for the instruction of public opinion - a s is shown, perhaps, by the wilful destruction of a whole colony of badgers during Nature Week itself.

The Press has been particularly helpful in publicising nature conservation. The Observer, in particular, gave a full page feature to Rachel Carson and sponsored the Wild Life Exhibition. W e of Cambridgeshire also owe a particular debt of gratitude to the Cambridge News for its co- operation in publication of our news and activities.

This year, as usual, we present accounts of some of the nature notes of the county. If, a s in some previous years, we have to admit that plant life has been given more prominence than animal life, the reason may be that our botanists a r e more active this year than our zoologists, but it may be that plant life is easier to study, or it may be, as someone has suggested, that we cannot be certain, in the case of the more mobile animals, whether they belong to the county or not. The remedy is in our reader 's hands .

CAMBRIDGE AND ISLE OF ELY NATURALISTS' TRUST LIMITED

SEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1963

1963 was a year of great activity fo r the Trust . Although we had no spectacular achievement to record comparable to theacquisition of the Hayley Wood Nature Reserve in the previous year , it is probably t rue to say that the voluntary officers of the Society were called upon to do more than ever before. The expansion of a l l aspects of the Trust 's work was made ~ o s s i b l e onlv through the devoted service - of these officers; those who deserve particular mention this vear include Mrs . G.Crompton, who was appointed Hon. ~ s s i s t a n t Secre tary in arch, Dr. ~ a r ~ a r e t - ~ t a n i e r and Mr. D. Valentine who generously gave of the i r services during the long absence through illness of our Assistant T reasu re r , Mr. J. C.Faulkner. It is pleasant to record that Mr. Faulkner was fully recovered and returned to work with us in the autumn.

National Nature Week, May 1963

The local programme for National Nature Week, planned by the Trust Education Committee with Mr. W.E.H. Fiddian a s Hon. Secretary, was in general very successful in publicising the importance of nature conservation in the City and County; in part icular , the mid-*eek meeting addressed by Dr. Ennion,and the weekend visits to Wandle- bury and Wicken Fen were very well attended. It was perhaps a little disappointing that the increase in membership direct ly attributable to National Nature Week was not la rger ; but of course the indirect effects of the activities may have been more important in the long run. National Nature Week is the subject of a separate repor t by Mr . Fiddian (p. 8

Hayley Wood

During the year , generous grants were received from the World Wild Life Fund to the Hayley Appeal Fund; thes'e and other donations brought the gross total of the Fund to a figure not f a r short of the X7.500 asked for . Whilst there i s no room fo r complacency in view of the long-term management needs of Hayley, the Appeal represents a very considerable achievement by a young voluntary body with limited resources , and the possession of a fine Nature Reserve of f i rs t-class importance is a fitting reward for the five years patient development of the Trust . A full report on Hayley, written by Dr. C. D. Pigott and Mr. M. H. Martin, joint Secretar ies of the Hayley Wood Management Committee, appears on p.23

2

Sites in Cambridae City

It was confidently hoped that 1963 would see an agree- ment between the City Council and the Trust on the future of the Cherry Hinton chalk pit a s an educational nature reserve. Unfortunately certain legal and financial difficul- t ies a re still holding up the negotiations; but we have good grounds for hope that these will soon be solved, and a proper s t a r t can be made on this important educational project.

It i s pleasant to record that the City Council have now acquired the land known as 'Paradise' by the r iver (see 1961 Annual Report) and a re consulting the Trust on its management a s a 'public open space'. The concern of the Trust that 'amenities' developed there should not exceed the minimum definition of a track fo r walkers and a little careful planting of suitable t rees has been fully accepted in d~scuss ion with officers of the City Surveyorb Depart- ment.

Work Part ies

An 'emergency' day was held in May when four important tasks were undertaken by small parties a t the Furze Hills, Barrington Cement Works,Steeple Morden and Great Heath Wood, Gamlingay.

A full programme was arranged for the Autumn during which bush clearing was carried out at Steeple Morden, Barrington Pit and a t Woodbury Park, Gamlingay.

After Christmas our programme was altered at the last minute and four meetings have been arranged a t Hayley Wood during February to replace the Conservation Corps whose visit in January had to be cancelled. The difficult task of coppicing one ac re of heavily overgrown hazel and ash i s to be tackled.

We have been very fortunate in receiving continued support from the University Conservation Group, splendid- ly organised by David Barber. Members of the group have been on many of the Trust Work Parties, but in addition they have undertaken tasks of their own, a s a t Quy Fen and Little Trees Hill, Stapleford.

The Technical and Field Committee Rep=

Dr. Perring reports a s follows:-

During the year the Field Committee has provided add i t io~a l data which made it possible to complete the manuscript of the Site Booklet. This is to be produced by the County Planning Department a s one of their special reports . Though the Sites of Scientific Interest which this booklet includes a r e generally well-protected there a r e many others which continue to require attention. Five

stretches of roadside, al l of which contain r a r e plants, a r e to be marked by the County Council, with posts bearing the le t te rs NR, so that in future there should be no f ea r of the dumping of road-metal o r the widening of roads without warning.

Another notice will be put up by the County Council a t the entrance to the Roman Road asking the public not to park their ca r s beyond the f i r s t bend: this practice in the past has been a constant threa t to the f lora and fauna.

The Trus t itself has purchased notices and constructed Notice Boards which will be erected along the Devils Dyke during March. Their main purpose is to inform the public that it is illegal to dig up wild plants and a s k them to leave the flowers for others to enjoy.

The discovery of a large a r e a of the Greater Spearwort (Ranunculus lincua) a t Welches Dam during the summer inspired some successful negotiations with the Great Ouse River Board over the site which includes about one ac re to the wes t of the Washes. O u r interests a r e appreciated and the future of the site in i t s present state s e e m s assured.

Negotiations a r e s t i l l in progress fo r a n a r e a of about 5 ac re s north of March Station to be acquired a s a small Nature Reserve. I£ i t can be established i t will be very valuable for teaching purposes in an a r e a where very little uncultivated land remains.

Meetings

The regular programme of excursions was held jointly with the Cambridge Natural History Society (see p.16). Other meetings were held in connection with National Nature Week (see p.8 ).

Publications and Information

We a r e great ly indebted to Miss K.B.Gingel1 for he r invaluable help which has been f ree ly given throughout the year. The regular Nature Notes s e r i e s in the 'Cambridge News' was supplemented by longer ar t icles and special publicity for National Nature Week. 'News for Naturalists ' is now distributed f r e e only to those members who ask for it. - The National Movement

There i s no doubt that the conservation of nature r e - ceived more publicity in Britain during 1963 than ever before. The f ie rce and important controversy over the use of chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides, in which the volun- t a ry conservation movement has played such an important part, has undoubtedly brought home to many people the vital and complex problems of man's use of his environ- ment. The concern culminated in November a t the high-

level conference, sponsored by Prince Philip on the 'Countryside in 19701, an extreinely valuable and often plain speaking exchange of views which can obviously do nothing but good. The often l e s s spectacular roles of the County Trus ts a s vehicles for expression of local concern and local action a r e even more vital now that public bodies a r e showing an enlightaned interest in 'our' problems - which a r e undoubtedly theirs a s well!

TREASURER'S REPORT

A slightly healthier financial state of affairs this yea r , i n that instead of a deficit there was a smal l excess of income over expenditure. But this only means that we managed, with mixed feelings, to curb our enthusiasm, delay our plans and sufficiently stifle our en terpr i se to avoid over- spending our modest income.

The range of our activities and the scope of our useful- ne s s a r e both se t by the limits of our income. We wish to enlarge those limits considerably.

Will members please go out into the highways and by- ways not only to observe and repor t but also to bring back alive many new members.

As mentioned in the Annual Report we have received generous grants during the year to the Hayley Wood Appeal Fund from the World Wild Life Fund. We a r e most grateful.

It would be a mistake f o r anyone to regard Hayley Wood and the T rus t a s separate entities. They a r e completely integrated. Our grea tes t blessing would be for every Hayley Woodman who hasn ' t done so to become a member of the T rus t .

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NATIONAL NATURE WEEK

W. E. H. Fiddian

The highlight of the year was the Trust 's contribution to National Nature Week in May.

Few people can have been entirely oblivious of the Week, i f only because of the fine pictorial postage stamps which were issued. and the eenerous allocation of time on - radio and television,and the publicity given to the Observer Wild Life Exhibition in London. Although the Week was sponsored nationally by the Council for G t u r e , the events in Cambridgeshire and the Isle of Ely were entirely the responsibility of the Trust, which however received valuable help from other local organisations.

The Natural History Society allowed their annual Con- versazione to be widely publicised as part of the 'Week', and as a result of circulars sent out by the Education Authority this and other events were well attended by school children. The Cambridge Bird Club made open to the public two showings of bird films which were very well attended; the Arts Cinema showed for the whole week a programme of natural history and scenic interest including 'The Living Pattern'; the County Librarian arranged exhibits of natural history books on various occasions; the Fitzwilliam Museum and Wisbech Museum arranged exhibits, and several shops arranged appropriate window dis- plays. Open invitations to join conducted tours of the Botanic Garden were made on two occasions, and a party visited the University's Department of Animal Behaviour a t Madingley.

Of the events organised entirely by the Trust about one hundred people were shown round Hayley Wood, 140 people were shown points of natural history interest a t Wandle- bury (by courtesy of the Cambridge Preservation Society), and the open lecture by Dr. E.Ennion was attended by 120.

Perhaps the most interesting experiment of the Week was the introduction for the f i r s t time of nature trai ls . The of Mr. H. F . King of the City Grammar School, which was used a s a base. At least 350 people walked round the trai l during the day with the help of labelled stopping points which were described in the hand-out. At Wicken Fen the local National Trust Committee laid out a trai l which was available during the whole week. It was not possible to say exactly how many visitors to the Fen during the week used the trai l , but on Sunday the 26th, the Warden, Col. Mitchell, took over 500 visitors on a conducted tour and the resulting over 500 visitors on a conducted tour and the resulting parking difficulties a r e described in the account of the excursion !

To publicise all the events the Trust issued 100 posters

and 5000 illustrated brochures, and wrote a s e r i e s of a r t ic les which the local press kindly published. A gratify- ing increase in the 'Friends of Hayley Wood' and members of the Trus t resulted.

CAMBRIDGE NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY

President: Dr. G. Salt, F. R. S.

Report for 1963

Six General Meetings were held in the Lent and Michael- mas t e rms a t which the following gave talks:

Mr . P. J. Conder Marshland Conservation Dr . L. S. B. L e a k ~ v Eas t African Prehis torv and Natural

History Dr. H. A. Cole More Fish from the Sea E a r l of Cranbrook Noctule Bats Dr . W. H. Thorpe Birds, Game and Conservation in East

Africa Dr . S. M. Walters Flora Europaea in Rumania, 1963

The Entomological, Botanical, Geological and Zoolog- ical Sections also held meetings on a wide range of sub- jects.

The annual Conversazione and Exhibition was organized by Mr. Pe ter Lawrence and Miss Sally Harley. There was a la rge varietyof exhibits and the meeting was well attended. Anumber of field excursions were arranged in con- junction with the Cambridgeshire and Isle of Ely Natural- i s t s ' Trust .

Membership continued to r i s e and stood a t 509 in December 1963. The enrolment of new members in the Michaelmas t e rm exceeded all previous recorded f igures.

Anthony M. Carter Senior Secre tary

Life Members 301- Annual l o / - . (compounding to Life a f te r 4 years) . Undergraduate 3-year membership 1216. Members of training colleges, annual 51-. Schools, Corpor - ate,(annual) 21. Application should be made to: City Secretary: Mr . W.H.Palmer, 32 Fendon Road, Cambridge. University Secretary: Mr. R . M. Langham, Magdalene College.

NATIONAL TRUST

WICKEN FEN LOCAL COMMITTEE

REPORT FOR 1962-63

The Warden's House was completed on schedule, and Colonel Mitchell was able to occupy it before the end of 1962. This was very fortunate, in view of the exceptionally hard winter which s e t in a f te r Christmas. As las t year , Col. Mitchell has prepared the par t of this Report dealing with the work on the Fen, the yield of produce, and the natural his torv records. At t'le 1962 Annual General Meet- ing, Dr. D. Briggs was welcomed a s Treasurer in succession to D r . Pitman, who has taken an appointment in Australia. . . The Manaeement Sub-committee. se t UD bv the Executive - . , in 1961 to review al l aspects of management, has not yet been able to produce a final report; from their interim report, however, the following points were accepted by the Executive in February 1963:

1. W. Adventurers ' Fen, the 3 a reas of Brett 's and Trevelvan's Pieces. and Rothschild's Lamvine should be . - retained a s rough-grazing marginal to the Reserve. Reed should be regarded a s a 'commercial crop' on W. Adventur- e rs ' Fen, bu? not in and around the ere; where the policy of reed cutting should be determined by the ornithological and other scientific requirements.

2. A l imited and phased extension of dyke-clearing should be car r ied out to follow the successful opening of Drainer's Dyke. The pump should be used to take water from the dyke system a s necessary on to parts of the Sedge Fen, and information on the effect of water-levels should be obtained in this way.

3 . A simple survey of surface peat acidity was needed to predict the possible development of different a r eas of the Fen under different treatments. At Dr. Coombe's r e - quest, Col. Mitchell has car r ied out the survey using equipment lent by the Botany School: the resul ts , which show local acid a reas , a r e of considerable interest , and a r e being studied b the Executive. [See also new bryophyte records below.

.P. No final repor t was possible until an assessment of the resul ts of the Nature Conservancy arboricide experiment and the bush-clearing t r ia l s using a rotavator had been made. At their June meeting the Executive had the Conservancy's Report. This showed that 'Spontox' t rea t - ment had had no detectable effect on either the associated flora, o r the ground and soi l fauna,nor were the substances detectable in the peat af ter a few weeks. There seemed to be no grounds for concern about the controlled use of such non-persistent arboricides, and the Executive has therefore authorised such controlled use by the Warden-natural- is t in consultation with the officers. Two types of use a r e

envisaged: the painting of stumps in lightly-bushed a reas when cleared, and the careful spraying of patches of Bramble (Rubus spp,) where these a r e spoiling an otherwise satisfactory sedge field. Records will be kept of a reas treated in this way.

During the year an equipment shed has been erected on Milner-White's Fen near to the entrance to the Sedge Fen: in this building there is also room for the storage of scientific equipment, and for limited development for r e - search purposes when this becomes necessary. The most important new item of equipment purchased i s a tractor, necessary for the continued mechanisation of the Fen work. Excellent work has been done again by a Conserva- tion Corps work-party organised by the Council for Nature, and by parties from H. M. S. Ganges, in clearing a reas of sedge fen which were comparatively lightly 'bushed'. The Committee would like to record its thanks to the volunteers in these parties, and to their organisers. For National Nature Week (18th - 25th May, 1963) the Warden and Hon. Secretary laid out a nature trail, marked with arrows and letters; a f ree duplicated leaflet and map was available to visitors using the trai l . Although the weather was poor until the end of the week, some 200 people used the t ra i l before the final weekend. On Sunday May 25th, a lovely day, a 'conducted tour' by the Warden attracted so many people (and cars ! ) that the signing of names and counting of heads was abandoned; a rough estimate put the number of visitors a t 5OO! Sales of the Guide to the Fen, only reprinted in 1962, continue to increase, and an urgent r e - printing has been ordered. Work on the complete revision of the Guide i s very slow, and it will not be possible to finish this in 1963.

The Committee feels that the past year has shown very great progress towards solving some of the more difficult problems in the Fen management, and would like to thank Colonel Mitchell fo r the continued enthusiasm and dedica- tion which he has shown. During 1962, 4,237 people were recorded in the book a t the Keeper's House: this f igurewas made up of 3,296 individual signatures and 54 organised parties varying in number from 5 to 50 individuals.

Report by the Warden-Naturalist

A. Work on the Fen

1. As a result of experience gained over the last two seasons further work was carried out on the reed field on West Adventurers' Fen. The work of digging and re-filling the 'grip' into the Commissioners' Drain has been obviated by laying a pipe into the drain. It i s a simple task to block o r unblock this pipe. To obtain a more rapid and complete flooding of the reed-fields a second pipe has been laid under Harrison's Drove. This new pipe i s a few yards

south of the old pipe and flows into the old main dyke re - maining from the time when this Fen was cultivated. Some work has been done on the dyke from the Mere to Adventur- e r s ' Fen, to ensure the f ree flow of water into this area. Further work will have to be done before the reed-fields a r e as productive as they should be. The need to 'cultivate' reed fields is fully supported by the Bureau of Rural In- dustries, who have done considerable work on this problem over the last few years. 2. The very hard winter stopped much useful work on the Fen, but during the early part of the cold spell the bushes on the north side of the Lode, both in St. Edmunds' and the Sedge Fen, were well cut back - a non-productive but necessary task. A rough path irom the Godwin Experimental plots to the Birch t rees by the Main Drove was constructed. This path was used for the Nature Trail held in May. 3 . Several areas of comparatively lightly-bushed sedge were cleared by work parties, the largest area being east of Christy's Drove, between the Lode and Gardiner's Drove.

There a r e now few lightly-bushed areas of sedge left in that part of the Sedge Fen lying east of Drainer's Dyke. There is still plenty of re-claimable sedge, but little that can be reclaimed by hand without hard work. There are , however, several promising a reas in Verrall's Fen. 4. A small area on the west side of Thomson's Drove, about two hundred yards from the Lode, was cleared by Rotavator. This experiment shows great promise, although the correct technique for clearing ca r r by this machine has yet to be evolved. Some damage is done to the sedge, but there should be enough left to re-establish a sedge community and a very high proportion of the carr i s de- stroyed. 5. The clearance of Drainer's Dyke was completed. The most noticeable result has been that Spinney Bank Dyke is full of water al l the year round; previously it was dry by the end of June. A hole situated a t the north end of Thom- son's Drove, about thirty yards from Spinney Bank Dyke, was empty on the day the dam was removed from the entrance to the Drainer's Dyke. The hole contained a foot of water three days later.

B. Produce

A year that did not come up to expectations. There were two nights of frost in early June. This did very considerable damage to the reed in both the reed field and the dykes. As a result the production of reed was only 1700 bundles. The production of sedge was a little better than expected. There i s an almost unlimited market for this commodity, but there i s no doubt that, like reed, it has to be 'cultivated' and mechanically harvested to be economic- ally worth while. Further, there is a t least a three-year

wait after clearing a new field before taking the f i r s t crop. The Bureau of Rural Industries a r e making enquiries a s to the possibility of finding a suitable machine for cutting and bundling the sedge.

C. Records

The winter was very bad for the Bearded Tits (Panurus biarmicus). Until the latter part of December there were two parties of six or seven birds each,one on the Mere and one on Adventurers' Fen. These completely disappeared and, apart from one report in early April, have not been seen in this a rea since. A Bittern (Botaurus stel laris) was present throughout the whole of the winter but, unfortunately, left in the spring. During the coldest spell the duck left the Mere by day and returned a t night, thus reversing their normal habits. The reason for the return a t night was the need for drink. The local r ivers and ponds were frozen and the only open water was a small a rea in the Mere which the duck kept f ree from ice. This hole, and the ice immediately surrounding it, was covered with duck by nightfall. When the r ivers became open the duck deserted the Mere and the hole froze over. Marsh Harriers (Circus aerueinosus) have been seen, a t fair ly regular intervals, over the Fen this spring and early summer. The Montagu's Harr ier (Circus p y g m d was reliably reported in mid- May but was not seen by the Fen staff. A Rough-legged Buzzard (Buteo l a g g p ~ ) was over the Fen a t frequent intervals through the winter, staying until the early part of April. A Woodcock ( m p a x rusticola) was regularly over St. Edmunds' Fen in the ear ly part of April. 1962 was a good year for caterpillars of the Swallow-tail butterfly ( B p i l i o machaon), which were found in many parts of the Fen, although confined to that a rea lying to the East of Drainer's Dyke. Some butterflies were seen but i t i s im- possible to state whether they were released o r otherwise. In May 1962, Mr. J. M. Lock recorded several calcifuge bryophytes in a small a rea of old ca r r near the Brick-pits; the most remarkable of these were mlytrichum commune and Tetraphis pellucida, both extremely r a r e in the County and not previously recorded anywhere in the Wicken area . The occurrence of such species, together with the results of the acidity survey mentioned above, i s being studied with interest.

THRIPLOW MEADOWS GRAZING EXPERIMENT (111)

The management experiment, described in the 1962 and 1963 numbers of the journal, has now reached the halfway mark. A brief summary of last year's work follows. -g: The Trust received a further Grant from the

Nature Conservancy in order to l ay on water and a drinking trough in Str ip 4. This became necessary when the f a rm sold the horses which used to graze St r ip 4 with access from the adjoining meadow. Fortunately for the Trus t there were two ret i red ponies in the village without a meadow t o graze in, and by using these, we a r e now able to continue the grazing experiment independently of the adjoining meadow. Since November the ponies have been shut into the s t r i p for about eight hours a day. There has continued t o be a very sat isfactory supply of heifers to graze in Str ip 1.

1963 Str ip 1 -

(with acces s from adjoining meadow)

13 .5 2 yearlings in 25.6 1 out 4.10 1 " out

shut in 15.11 - 29.12 2 ponies at an average of 8 h r s . p e r day during 29 days.

Str ip 4 (shut in) 6 . 5 3 heifers in

20.5 3 " out 1 .7 2 " in

22.7 2 " out 22.7 9 " in 29.7 1 " in (access from adjoining meadow)

26.8 10 heifers out 20.9 10 " in " 28.10 10 " out

Cutting: Strip 2 was cut by a Massey-Ferguson Rotary Cutter kindly supplied by Messrs . Standen's of Ely. An excellent job was done in August on the very heavy growth of vegetation. Harvesting had by this time already begun and the Str ip had to be raked by hand, a s no machinery could be borrowed. Control: (Strip 3) It was decided to learn something about the effect of cutting on Carex acutiformis, and a s t a r t was made in August when an a rea of almost pure Carex acutiformis, 10 x 30 yds. was cut by hand. It is hoped to continue this smal l experiment by cutting the same a rea three times annually. Orchid Count: On June 29th, 14 members of the Trust , under the direction of Mr. Bourne, and in near ly continual rain, counted the marsh orchids present in the same manner a s in previous years . Despite the weather, for the f i r s t time all four Strips were counted and everyone present fel t that because of the small number of counters a s compared with other years , the count was a decided underestimate. The large numbers of mar sh orchids r e - corded in Str ips 1 and 4 a r e therefore highly significant.

Str ip 1963 1962 1 2 x 9 1,516 1,047 2 658 409 48 6 3 498 - 693 4 1,281 716 250 (es t . )

Quadrats: The species present in the four quadrats were recorded between Ju ly 29th and August 2nd in the same manner a s in previous years; Mr.David Chamberlain again kindly helped with the work. Water Level: Weekly readings have continued to be taken. The water table only came to nea r ground level a t the beginning of February and again fell very sharply in the middle of May. The lowest level was recorded on June 29th when the reading was 63 cm .

THE COLEOPTERAOFTHRIPLOW WET MEADOWS 1963

A. C. Warne

The insects in the meadow did not seem to be great ly affected by the very severe winter of 1963. Many species were found in ear ly March ei ther quite active o r hibernat- ing in the piles of rotting hay in s t r ips 1 and 2 of the meadow. It i s probable that these heaps were protected f rom the severe f ro s t s by a layer of snow and that the temperature was maintained above the air temperature by the heat generated by the rotting of the hay.

Several species of Staphylinidae were found by shaking the hay over a plastic sheet: Philonthus f imetarius. Tachy= porus solutus. T. obtusus, Stilicus orbiculatus, and Xantho- linus fract-. Also severa l Carabidae: Feronia vernalis, Agonum obscurum, Demetr ias atricapillus, Dromius l inearis ,and Calathus f u s c i p ~ , Also a seven-spot ladybird Coccinclla seprempunctaca was found. Some of rhese species, &meLria-ar&p_l!&, Dromius ti.nea&s and Coccinella scptcmpunctara, were found later in the

- -

year on the field v G t a t i o n . During May many species aooeared a s thev would in a normar vear . he sabldier . . beetles Cantharis rus t ica and C.nigricans, the leaf beetle Chrysomela p w , and the nettle weevils Phyllobius urticae and C e u t h o r h y n n pollinarius, were swept from the vegetation. m i g e t h e s s p . , Anthonomus pedicularis, and &?&pis maculata, w x a k e n from hawthorn f lowers.

As the vear ~ r o c e e d e d manv new SDecies were added to the l is ts of'thos; a l ready colle&ed.

'

Another species of burying beetle Necrophorus humator and the smal l burrowing Carabid Clivina fossor were found. Also many common species which were missed in 1962 were taken by sweeping: e .g . a r i a hir ta , Lochmaea calmariensis , Lema m e l a n ~ p s and Athous sp,

Some 140 species , belonging to 20 famil ies , have now been collected.

FIELD MEETINGS IN 1963

Twelve field meetings were held jointly with the Cambridge Natural History Society. (Approximate numbers attending each meeting a r e given in brackets).

M a y , 11th May. Woodbury Park and White Wood. (35)

For their f i r s t field meetine of thevear the Cambridee- shire Naturalists visited woodb;ry ~ a ; k , near ~ a m l i n ~ z ~ , by permission of Mr. R. J. V.Astel1. Thirty-five members &d friends enioved the attractions of an a rea com~le te lv new to them both-for the plants and animals they weie able to discover and for the superb setting in which these dis- coveries were made. The view westward from the top of the greensand ridge i s one of the finest in the county: and around the lime paddock there i s a type of vegetation to be found nowhere else in Cambrideeshire - a sward rich in - Pig-Nut. -podium denudatum. The deep sandy soil i s undoubtedly showing its influence here. This influence was seen again' in a piece of wet sandy ground between two s t reams where the two British species of s i p e w e r e found growing together, a unique experience to a l l of the botanists present. Associated with them was a magnificent stand of Saw-Wort, Serratula tinctoria, a very local plant in Cambridgeshire, but easi ly recomised by its variably shaped s h & n g leaves with strongly todthed margin;. Much of the afternoon was spent strolling in the extensive woodlands now taking on their most attractive colours with wild Apple and Cherry in full flower and Bluebells and Bugles colouring the ground beneath. After t ea the party stopped to admire Mr. Astell's garden, which contains a large collection of Rhododendrons, many of which were a t their most lovely, their flowers picked out in the sunlight against the dark background of their leaves. Before leav- ing, homage was paid to the corner of the estate where Lily-of-the-Valley grows wild. Being naturalists they observed the owner's request and left these most handsome wild flowers for others to enjoy.

Saturday, 18th May. Hayley Wood (100). Nature Week

About 100 people attended the excursion to Hayley Wood near Gamlingay, which was one of a ser ies of events arranged for National Nature Week. The party f i r s t visited the north-east part of the wood which, it was explained, had been pasture a s recently a s 1870. Vestiges of ridge and furrow were clearly visible and the absence of many plants whish a r e common elsewhere in the wood was noted. Among the plants present in this a r e a several have fruits commonly dispersed by animals. At the edge of the older part of the wood, the contrast in vegetation was given

special emphasis by the fine display of Bluebells which ceased abruptly a t the boundary. The structure of the old woodland with its widely-spaced oaks and underwood of many-stemmed Hazels, Ashes and Maples was demonstrated. Only leaves and dead flowers of Oxlips remained, but it was clear that this plant was restr icted to the wettest parts of the wood. As the party made i ts way towards the southern part of the wood,where the soil i s better drained, the Oxlips were replaced, f i rs t by an almost unbroken carpet o: Bluebells, and then by a green carpet of Dog's Mercury.

In view of the large number of visitors to the wood the scarcity of animal life was not surprising,but fresh tracks of fallow deer were encountered in several places and were noted with enthusiasm by the younger members of the party.

Saturday, 25th May, Wandlebury. (130) Nature Week

The weather, which had been disappointingly cool and wet for the beginning of National Nature Week, improved greatly for the second weekend, and about 130 members and friends, including many children, visited Wandlebury. A coach was hired for transport from Cambridge. On the lawn inside the 'Ring' Dr. Walters gave an introductory talk, and then led a short circular tour of the grounds, visiting the site of the archaeological investigations and demonstrating some of the interesting variety of t rees and other plants on the estate. Mr. Wiard gave a very useful account of the birds of Wandlebury, explaining what we might hope to see or hear during the course of the afternoon. After the tour many members sa t in the warm sun- shine on the lawn to eat their picnic teas. A successful excursion, which we hope introduced many new people to the activities of the Trust and of the Cambridge Preserva- tion Society, owners of the Wandlebury Estate.

Sunday, 26th May. Annual Visit and Nature Trail, Wicken Fen. (500) Nature Week

The annual visit of the NaturaIists' Trust was Arranged a s part of the programme of National Nature Week. The week was, officially, from the 18th to the 25th May, but the extra daywas added to bring in the Wicken Nature Trail, which had been prepared for the week. The weather during Nature Week was most unkind but, nevertheless, about two hundred people walked round the Trail.

Sunday the 26th May was a lovely day and the response to the sudden improvement in the weather and the visit by the Trust was quite overwhelming. Lode Lane was for some little time completely blocked, and 'booking in' a t the Keepers' House had to be discontinued. It was estimated that probably two hundred cars arrived a t Lode Lane and

perhaps five hundred people attended the 'walk'. A m a p of the Tra i l and an explanatory sheet had been

prepared and the Trai l had been plainly marked. It is hoped that a l l groups, although certainly not: all individuals, were able to get copies. The walk was along the Lode, beside Drainers ' Dyke, down the Sedge Fen Drove and back by the Brickpits and the Wind-pump to Lode Lane. The two highlights were, perhaps, the diversions that had been made f rom the walk. The f i r s t was to go a lit t le further down Drainers ' Dyke and then back through the bush to the Sedge Fen Drove. This well i l lustrated the invasion of sedge by c a r r and the eventual climax of the natural succession, in this case birch wood. The second diversion was rather smal le r and demonstrated the final stages of old ca r r being superseded by oaks. This diversion was between the Brickpits and the Windpump.

It was a little ear ly for the Wicken f lora to he seen a t its best, hut the ornithologists were better served,although two pairs of nightingales, near the Brickpits, which had sung day and night before the visit, refused to oblige with a song.

From the point of view of the numbers attending, the visit was highly successful, being beyond a l l expectations, hut i t sounded a note of warning about the problems likely to face the Fen in the future. Making and marking the Trail was a sma l l problem in comparison with parking the ca r s . There was plenty of room for all on the Fen, and not a third of the Fen was visited, but it will cost quite a large sum to provide the parking space to cope with even a quat ter of the ca r s that turned up on the visit!

Saturday, 1st June. Lime Kiln Close andHayley Wood.(12) Joint Meeting with Junior Members of the Botanical

Society of the British Isles.

Although only four members of the B. S. B. I. joined members of the Trust for this excursion, it was nevertheless a very worthwhile day. After the crowds of the previous weeks i t was pleasant to lead a party of a dozen naturalists round the pits a t Cherry Hinton in the morning and af te r the heat of the morning the cool shade of the wood was appreciated. The orchids a t Hayley Wood were co- operative and five species were seen in flower o r in bud: &-chis mascula, ~ a ; t ~ l o r c h i s fuchsli, Plaranthera chlor- anrt.a, Listera ovata and feotr ia nidrrs-zvis, 'The last namedwas plentiful by the margin of the main r ide.

After the departure of the main uartv Mr. H. Mever of Letchworth retu;ned to the wood and 'founb a single piant of Dryspteris carthusiana (D. spinulosa), a r a r e fern, only - recorded recentlv elsewhere in the countv a t Ditton Park

~ ~~

Wood.

18

Saturday, 22nd June. West Wratting Park. (12)

Continuing their exploration of the Parks of Cambridge- shire the members were fortunate in being allowed to visit West Wratting Park by kind permission of the owner, Mr. R . E.N. d'Abo. Apart from the gracious setting of the Park itself, the main appeal for the party was undoubtedly the adjacent area of Donkey Common. This i s in part young plantation and in part old scrub, developing on the chalky boulder-clav tvpical of the south-east of the countv. The , ,. prospect was a most colourful one: sheets of ~ i r h s f o o t - trefoil glowing in the sunlight a t ones feet, swathes of - - - Dogwood bursting into flower a t eye level; and amongst them several finds. Pride of place must go to the Yellow Vetchling, Lathyrus aphaca, never recorded before from West Wratting and kmown only in three other places in the county. This is a strange plant which has its leaves re - duced to tendrils, with which it scrambles amongst the grass, and the function of the leaves i s taken over by the enormous stipules. It was not easy a t f i rs t to distinguish from Yellow-wort, Blackstonia perfoliata, which had not yet come into flower. Another noteworthy plant was the Sulphur Clover, Trifolium ochroleucon, common in west Cambridgeshire, but apparently ra re o r overlooked in the east. Adders' Tongue Fern, ~ ~ l o s s u m vulg=,was common in the damper area ae were the Spotted Orchid, Orchis fuchsii,and Pepper Saxifrage, Silaum silaus. Un- doubtedly the most bizarre find of the afternoon was a very vigorous and well established plant of Asparagus. Donkey Common would be worth revisiting a t any time, but we might return next year when the Asparagus is young.

Saturday, 29th June. Annual Marsh Orchid Count at Thriplow Meadow. (15) -

The annual count of Marsh Orchids in the Trust 's meadow a t Thriplow took place on a very wet afternoon.

The party of 15 included two very welcome members from the Nature Conservancv. Dr. Duffev. the Director of , . , . the Conservation Research Section a t the Conservancy's new Experimental Station in Huntingdon, and Mr. Brian ~ u c k e r , ' the Assistant Regional officer for East Anglia. After everyone had dressed for the rain, Mrs. Crompton led the partv through the meadows where the Marsh . . Orchids were in f u l l flower (Dactylorchis practermissa and D.incarnata). On reaching the rnradow leased by the Trust for its e x ~ e r i m e n t in the management of Marsh Orchids, the pa r t i l ined up and started w&k immediately - Mr. Bourne taking the count. The counting started during a dry spell bnt 11-ways ended in a shower; however, un- deterred by the rain, everyone volunteered to count al l four strips and the results were very rewarding. The grand total for the whole of the 5 acre meadow was 4.486.

(1962 figuresin brackets);horsegrazed s t r ip 2, 049 (1,516), cow grazed s t r ip 1,281 (716), cut annually 658 (409), and control 498 (693 in 1963). It seems that in the control s t r ip which i s neither grazed or cut the orchids a re slowly being choked out by the increase of tal ler vegetation.

'Work' finished, the party walked over to the nearby osier plantation and saw how the shade from the over- arching t r ees on the ride seemed to prevent the flowering of the Marsh Orchids. There were many plants present but only a flower where there was a gap in the canopy,and even then the flowers were pale. Gn the ride bv the stream another orchid was just beginning to flower - small and green and difficult to see, s p p a c t i s phyllanthes var. vectensis. It i s confined to the south of England and this is the only locality in the county.

Sunday, 7th July. Chippenham Fen. (17)

Cambridgeshire Naturalists were joined by visitors from the South London Entomological and Natural History Society for a visit to Chippenham Fen. The party of 17 was conducted round the fen by Mr. Gardiner. Although rather wet underfoot the day remained d ry and warm with the sun showme in the afternoon. Butterflies were very scarce, only one Ringlet (Aphantopus hyperanthus) and 3 Large skippers (xhymelicus sy-s) being seen. Moths, on the other h a n d r ~ w e r e very common. It was particularly eratifvine to see well over 100 suecimens of the Silver- - , - barred (Eustrotia olivana) which occurs only at Chippen- ham and Wicken Fens. Two moths new to the fen were also discovered; the Purple-bordered gold (Sterrha muricata) and the Five-spot burnet ( a g a e n a trifolii).

It was remarked that fungi were scarce, especially in view of the recent wet spell which should have encouraged their growth. Nevertheless several interesting ones were found and also a moss which may be a new Chippenham record if i ts identity i s confirmed. Members were inter- ested to see the Wild Columbine (&quuegu growing on the Fen. During the afternoon the party was entertained by the song of a Grasshopper Warbler and a t least one member was fortunate enough to catch a glimpse of this r a r e bird.

Saturday, 10th August, QuyFen, (45) Joint meeting with the Essex Field Club

Dr. Walters began the afternoon by giving a short talk on the history of the Fen to the 45 members and friends present. There were ominous rumblings of thunder but the afternoon became fine and sunny, with great fenland clouds sweeping across the sky.

The party f i r s t looked a t the pools of water which now f i l l the old coprolite pits. The pools a r e well colonised by

water -loving plants and a very large dragon-fly flew around. Around the muddy edges some very interesting plants were seen, including the true Bulrush. -pus lacustris, and the Glaucous Bulrush, S.tabernaemontani,more commonly found near the sea. The ra re Orange Foxtail Grass, Alopecurus aequ*, was abundant. Also present were all - three species of Water Plantain. Of these, Alisma plantago- aquatica was easily identified since it flowers in'the after- - - noons, but plants of A. lanceolatum, which had flowered in the morning, were also found. The third one, Baldell& yanunculoides, i s only three inches high and r a r e in the county. The yellow flowers of the Bladderwort were admired; this i s a decreasing plant in the fenlands and members were asked not to pick them.

Much of Quy Fen is dry chalk grassland and a walk was taken around it af ter tea. Particularly striking were large stands of the Spiny Restharrow, and a small patch of the r a r e Knotted Pearlwort. The water table has dropped by 1-2 feet and this has resulted in the disappearance of the Black Bogrush, Schoenus nigricans, which was last seen in a wet hollow about five years ago.

Some of the par tywere able to accept Miss K.Gingellls very kind invitation to visit her a t Horningsea Manor on their way home, and greatly admired the beautiful gardens inwhich grows a rare ly planted tree of Phillvrea,amember of the Olive family which grows wild in the forests around the Mediterranean.

w a y , 24th August. Little Widgham and Out Wood. (15)

The party of fifteen, led by Mrs. Crompton, explored the little known woods of Little Widgham, Out Wood and Sparrows Grove. These woods, lying on a chalky boulder clay ridge, have been scheduled a s a site of Special Scientific Interest for their wealth of Oxlips and interesting bryo- pliytes. Although i t was rather wet underfoot the afternoon remained d r y and sunny. Everyone worked hard to record the plants presentand a l is t of more than a hundred species was compiled.

The most interesting plants in flower were the Nettle- leaved Bellflower, Campanula trachelium and the Pendulous Sedge, Carex pendula, which occurred throughout the woods. Ferns were unusually numerous for Carnbridge- shire and included Bracken. Other local rari t ies noted were the Greater Burnet Saxifrage,Pimpinella m a j s which most of the party had never seen before, Wood Millet Grass,Milium effusum.and the Lesser Stitchwort, Stellaria graminea.

Insects, specially biting ones.were numerous, but there was a noticeable absence of bird song. However, four wood pigeons were raised from their nests , confirming the r e - cently discovered fact that late August is their peak breed- ing period.

2 1

Saturday, 7th September. Wilburton Manor. (22)

About 22 members met a t Wilburton Manor School to study the natural his tory of the surrounding parkland. They were guided by M r . C. Warren, who has known the village all h i s l ife. --- .... ...- ~

Several interesting exotic t r ee s , including Swamp Cypress (Taxodium distichum) and Wellingtonia ( S g u L a gigantea),were to be seen growing in the spacious grounds, a s a s a good assor tment of our native t r ee s including four species of E lm. The handsome Elecampane (& helenium), was in flower on a ditch hank and was much admired a s were the spore-covered fronds of the Lady Fern, both unusual plants in the county. During the a f t e r - noon a l i s t was made of a l l the plants seen and near ly a hundred different species were recorded.

Most interesting of the birds seen was a Pied Fly- catcher, with perhaps a second near by. This was undoubtedly on passage from Scandinavia, since the species breeds nowhere in S. E. England, but many migrants had ar r ived on the Norfolk coast the previous weekend. One of two others were reported f rom Cherry Hinton a t the same time, but i t is romparat ively infrequently seen inland. Green and Great Spotted Woodpeckers were heard in the woodland and some tame waterfowl on the smal l lake included Shelduck, Carolina and Pintail.

The party was privileged in having the interest of Mr. Pell , whose family have been landowners of much of the property for many generations; he described the his tory of the Manor and surrounds. The ridge and furrow of the old open field system was stil l clearly visible on two or three g r a s s fields, which fitted in exactly with the holdings plotted on an old m a p in Mr. Pel l ' s possession. Ridge and furrow, which covers thousands of ac re s of grassland in the Midlands, is r a r e so fa r eastwards into Eas t Anglia. Fortunately the ra in held off until late in the afternoon, so that a most useful field excursion was successfully completed.

Saturday, 5th October. Pampisford Hall. (40)

The l a s t joint excursion to be held this year was the Fungus Fo ray held a t Pampisford Hall, and the very enjoy- able afternoon was made possible by the kind invitation of Mr. and Mrs . C.Binney. As often before, we were fortunate in havingas leader Mr . E . J. H. Comer,whose knowledge of mycology is encyclopaedic and whose lively manner of instruction was much appreciated by the large party present. There were few fungi af ter the grea t spell of them this August and the ground was unusually dry; however many Devil's Fingers , Xylaria polymorpha,were seen and two interesting species only common in E a s t Anglia were found, both growing on dead Elm t r ee s . These were

22

Auricula mesenterica and an old specimen of Pleurotus fiapidus; neither is lncluded in the common guides to fungi thouah the Plcurotus is delicious to eat when fried c r i r o in butt'r. A lot of species were found for the microscope'but nothing for supper !

Miss K.Gingellagain kindly offered a prize for the best collection of fungi made by a school child and before ra in dispersed the party, the collections were laid out on the lawn and judged by Mr. Corner with the help of Mr. Palmer and two mycology students from Jamaica and Singapore. The winner was Katherine Montefiore with a remarkable collection of 23 species.

The many unusual and magnificent t r e e s planted in the Park were much admired and the beautiful foliage leaves of the Norway Maple made members wonder why this t r ee was not planted more often. The botanists were delighted to see so much unploughed chalk grassland dominated by the False Brome, Brachypodium pinnatum; and it proved to be a new record fo r the 10 km. square. Some plants of the Deadly Nightshade, Atropa belladonna, with large black berr ies ,were shown to the children a s an example of ex- t remely poisonous f ru i t - never to be eaten. There were many thrushes in the woods and a t ree creeper and a m a r s h t i t were heard. The most interesting record made in the afternoon was the Muntjac Deer seen by one member . This little deer i s the most recent addition to the l i s t of mammals found in the county; i t was seen for the f i r s t t ime only in 1962.

HAYLEY WOOD

C. D. Pigott & M. H. Martin

Hayley Wood i s one of seve;al ancient woodlands which a r e scat tered over the south-western par t of Cambridgeshire. The wood l ies ent irely on the Great Chalky Boulder Clay, a glacial deposit which in this distr ict is well described by i ts name. Good exposure of this mater ia l can be seen in the deeper ditches nea r the wood; the boulders a r e mostly lumps of chalk and flint but la rger pieces of hard brown sandstone a r e frequent and the shells of a Liassic oyster , Gryphaea arcuata, a r e not uncommon. These a r e embedded - in a mat r ix which consists largely of clay and silt , through which water can only move very slowly. The heaviness of the soils. their Poor drainaee. and in addition their low - . content of soluble phosphates, have resulted in the distr ict ' s being farmed intensively only in t imcs of agricultural ~ r o s o e r i r v . so that until the Second World War there were iargk arc& of rough grassland and scrub particularly to the south of Hayley Wood, for example a t Hatley and Croy- don Wilds.

Within the wood itself, the surface soil has a crumbly structure because the clay has been intimately mixed with humus and is constantly worked by earthworms, particularly the very distinct olive-green species A l l o l o b o p ~ a ciilorotica. The crumbly structure is found only in the top few inches, and below this the soil becomes paler and more compact, often showing the mottle of slaty blue-grey and orange-brown which is evidence of temporary water- logging. The dark colour and crumbly structure of the woodland soil a re in striking contrast to the arable soils in the surrounding fields and clearly the higher humus content is maintained by the constant addition of leaves and twigs mainlv from the trees. The structure of the wood is almost entireiy artificial and conforms to the management system known a s 'coppice-with-standards'. The standards a r e almost al l oaks (Quercus robur) a t a density varying from a very few to a s many a s 50 to the acre. Many stumps are evidence that the density of oak standards was formerly higher but since the last felling none have been replanted. Oak seedlings occur here and there in the wood, but no saplings, a fact which must be attributed to the large numbers of acorns eaten by birds and mice. and the destruction of the seedlings by mice, hares, and the herd of fallow deer. Any long-term management plan should include the planting and protection of young oaks. At present much of the space between the crowns of the oaks i s filled by the tall ashes (Fraxinus excelsior) and Field Maple (A= campestre), which were formerly cut, but have been left -- uncut now for over forty years. Evidence that they were cut is seen in the basal stool from which several slender trunks arise. These t rees were cut together with the numerous hazels, in the regular process of coppicing.

The regular cutting of the coppice, usually in a 14-year rotational cycle, has been shown to influence the density and vigour of the plants which form the herb or field layer of the wood. After cuttine. the disturbance of the soil and -. great increase of light reaching the ground results in the establishment of seedlings of many species, and although such plants a s Marsh -Thistle (cirkium palustre) m i y appear, after a few years the flowering and vigour of such species a s Oxlip (Primula elatior) Bluebell (Scilla non- scripts), Orchid (Orchis mascula), and Violet (W - reichenbachiana) reaches a maximum and then declines a s the shade increases. There a r e similar changes in the insect fauna. The need to keep a t least part of the wood coppiced has been generally accepted. Plots each of one acre have been selected, and the f i r s t will be cut in the early spring of 1964. These lie along the south-east side of the main ride, and the intention is to cut one plot every other year. If possible the size of the plots will be doubled later.

Throughout the wood there is an obvious variation in the freedom of drainage. Large a r e a s in the central and northern part of the wood a r e often under water during the winter, and shallow pools pers i s t he re and there through much of the summer. This is the highest and flattest part of the wood and the land falls gently towards the southern and south-western boundaries, where the soils a r e better drained. In the wettest parts the Meadow-sweet (Filipendula ulmaria) i s plentiful, and there a r e willows (Salix cinerea sens. la t . ) , and many of the oaks a r e poorly grown and the ashes cankered. It seems possible that these poorly drained parts of the wood a r e reverting to a type of swamp woodland which must have occupied much of the boulder- clay plateau before drainage; it would be of great interest to know what kind of vegetation would eventually develop, and it has therefore be'n decided to leave a la rge par t of this undisturbed. The best drained soils in the south and south-western parts of the wood a r e occupied by Dog's Mercury ( ~ e r c u r i a l i s p-), often a l m o s t b y itself o r mixed with Bluebells. A l a rge part of the wood i s too wet for Mercury but not wet enough in summer fo r swamp conditions, and it i s here that Oxlips a r e abundant. Mercury i s actually excluded f rom these soils because of their poor aeration, but Oxlip will tolerate this. On the other hand Oxlip will grow well on the better drained soils but only in the absence of Mercury because its f lat leaf roset tes do not receive sufficient light under a dense growth of the tal ler leafy shoots of Mercury. The Yellow Archangel (Galeobdolon luteum) grows abundantly in the certain parts of the wood in a position intermediate between the d r i e r Merccry and the wetter Oxlip soils. Hayley Wood i s unusual in the fact that Oxlips only a r e present, unlike some other boulder clay woods where the P r imrose (Primula vulgaris) and hybrids between Oxlips and P r i m - roses a re common. Only two plants of the Cowslip (Pr imula ver i s ) have been seen in the wood, and these were confined - to one of the r ides near the wood edge. The more open aspect of the main r ides often resul ts in a f lora which differs considerably f rom that of the woodland floor. These species such a s Angelica (Angelica sylvestris), Orchid (Orchis mascula), Hairy Sedge (Carex hirta), Centaury (Centaurium pulchellum),Creeping Jenny ( 9 s i m a c h i a num- mularia), Yellow Loo sestr i fe (Lysimachia vulgaris) m d Tufted Hair Gras s (Deschampsia caesp- a r e more abundant o r restr icted to the r ides.

During 1963 a small a r e a around the pond a t the wes t end of the cross-r ide was cleared in order that more light might reach the pond. It i s hoped that this may encourage the growth of water plants, since during the clearing of the pond of fallen wood dead I r i s rhizomes were found. In the future management of Hayley Wood i t has been decided to cut and maintain an open glade in the southern part of the

wood on the better drained soils, where it is hoped rough grassland will develop. Such an a rea would provide grazing for the fallow deer and possibly such very local woodside species a s the Crested Cow-wheat ( W p y r u m criatatum) would become established there . Within this a r e a it should also be possible to demonstrate the invasion of rough grassland by scrub species such a s hawthorn and the eventual recolonisation of woodland t rees .

In the comparatively short time that Hayley Wood has been the property of the Naturalists ' Trust several notable records have been made. Fallow deer: the herd seems to number twelve o r more . Mallard have been seen nesting on one of the ponds. ~p@glossum vulgaxm (Adder's Tongue Fern): two colon-

ies of this plant have been reported. Sedum telep-m (Orpine o r Livelong) has been seen within

the wood. M a nidus-avis (Bird's-nest Orchid): severa l plants a r e

present in the wood. Nowellia curvifolia, a liverwort new to Eas t Anglia, was

recorded in 1962. Diatoms, 68 species were recorded in 1963, of which 27

were new county records. Clitocyhe geotropa: a large fungus which seems fair ly --

common in Hayley Wood.

SULPHUR CLOVER (TRIFOLIUM OCHROLEUCON ~ u d s . ) IN CAMBRIDGESHIRE

P. 3. Bourne

Trifolium ochroleucon Huds., (T. ochroleucum Linn. ) - Sulphur Clover - i s one of those plants which, in Britain, a r e associated especially with Cambridgeshire and a few neighbouring counties.According to the Atlas of the British Flora, since 1930 it has been recorded as native from only 12 (out of the total of 112) British Watsonian vice-counties, and in sevenof these - South Lincs., Rutland, East Norfolk, Northants., Hunts., South Essex and Herts. - it is recorded from few localities.

The five vice-counties whence it is mainly recorded a r e Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire, West and East Suffolk, and North Essex. In Britain it forms one of a small group -~- - ~~ . . - - ~- - . of 'continental' species - Primula elatior (Oxlip) is another -which from the climatic aspect a r e confined to a compact a r e a in central-eastern England where, on an average, humidity is low and there is a wide range between summer and winter temperatures.

It is not a r a r e plant, but an uncommon one of very limited distribution. Evans, in A Flora of Cambridge%e (1939). describes it a s 'a typical plant of our boulder clay, where it i s plentiful', bur 'plentiful' seems an exaggera- tion, and nothing should be done to reduce the present localities. It i s chiefly a plant of lane-sides and the outside verges of woods, so that where it does grow there a r e usually not many plants, in comparisor., e . g . with plants of similar range but which grow in woods, where they may cover extensive a reas .

It has seemed worth while, for T . ochroleucon in Cam- bridgeshire, to go into greater detail than distribution by 10-kilometre sauares. I have tr ied below to summarise and map it on a 1-kilometre square basis, by gathering torrether such more detailed information as is available. T& summary distinguishes between:- A. Localities included in Babington's Flora of Cambridge-

shire i .e . where it was known to grow c. 1860. B. Localities whence it was recorded between 1860 and

i930. C. Recent records since 1930.

The localities recorded for A and B a.re seldom sufficiently detailed to permit definite allocation to a l-kilometre square, but could usually refer to any one of nine adjacent squares. If there i s not other information to help, the central square of the nine has been assumed. On many occasions, however, subsequent records for the same locality quote the map reference of, o r a r e sufficiently detailed lo knable allo-ation to, a particular square; on these

27

occasions, unless there seemed good reason against, it has been assumed that the ear l ie r record related to the same square a s the la te r . For example, Babington gives 'Com- berton' - a locality which could be in one of several squares: in 1954, however, M r s . J . B Gregory recorded '38156 Comberton (Hawks Fa rm) ' . There being no other detailed record which seems i s likely a s Mrs . Gregory's to relate to the same locality a s Babington's, i t has been assumed that his record was from the same square.

Where the record quotes, or is sufficiently detailed to permit determination of, a 1-kilometre square, that square is m . d in the summary.

Bablneton names 33 localities a s being current c. 1860 for T. occroleucon; the corresponding number recorded since 1930 is 24. Is the smaller number due to a reduction in the number of localities where i t grows, o r to under- recording? I am encouraged to think that i t is partly due to the lat ter ; because in 1963 Dr. F. H. Per r ing and I found i t in two new localities, refound it in another whence i t had not been recorded since 1860, and found a 1950 record (hitherto overlooked) of another locality also not otherwise recorded since 1860.

It will be seen from the map that the main concentrations of records , especially of recent records, a r e in the south-west of the countv - twentv in souare 35 alone. Using the t race a t the dack of ~ h k ~ e o l o ~ ~ and Soils of Cambridgeshire, I have tr ied to see whether the distribu- t i o n ~ u l D h u r ~ l o v e r is related to certain soi ls .

Of a total of 55 i-kilometre squares for which there a r e records, a soil 'boundary' passes through 20, so that it was not practicable to allocate those 20 to a particular soil pattr-n. Tbe other 33 a r e divided a s follows (the figures in brackets r e f e r to the number against each soil p;rrern in The Geology and Soils of ~ a m b r i z ~ e e ) : - (12) Variable b , ~ r generaliy rhin, heavy-textured dr i f t

on Oxford, Ampthill and Kimmeridee clavs (generally non-calcareous, or only feebly so; and more poorly drained than (15). 1

(15) Chalky Boulder Clay 17 (16) Gault Clay, often with thin dr i f t (drainage

generally poorer than (15); generally calcareous) 1 (20) Very variable thicknesses of sandy or loamy dr i f t

over Lower and Middle Chalk 10 (21) Medium ,to heavy-textured grey o r brown Chalky

Boulder Clay over Upper Chalk (soils more calcareous and drainage conditions better than in (15) 3

(22) Lower Greensand 1 The two main concentrations a r e (a) on chalky boulder

clay over clay; (b) on loam o r boulder clay over chalk. This suggests tbat, a s well a s low humidity, T- prefers calcareous soils with moderately good drainage.

Members of the Trust who see, or have recently seen.

T. ochroleucon growing in l-kilometre squares not included in the summary below (or not shown a s recorded after (1930),are asked to sendpart iculars to theauthor - prefer- ably the locality, l-kilometre square map reference , date seen, habitat, and approximate number of plants. Boulder- clay a r e a s in 10-kilometre squares 54 and 55 would seem particularly worthy of search , and it may well (still) be growing in other localities where i t has been overlooked. Normally it flowers in June o r July.

I record my thanks to Dr. Per r ing for his considerable help with this a r t ic le .

References

B.S. B. I. Maps Scheme Record Cards. C.N.H.S. Index Herbarium of the Department of Botany of the University

of Cambridge. C. C. Babington, Flora of Cambridg*, London, 1860. A. H. Evans, A Flora of Cambridgeshire, Cambridge, 193 9. R. W.Hey and R.M.S. Per r in , The Geology and Soils of

Cambridgeshire, Cambridge, 1960. F.H. Per r ing and S. M. Walters, Atlas of the Bri t ish Flora,

London, 1962.

SUMMARY O F RECORDS

Where a date follows the locali ty, the r e c o r d is post- Babington, a n d t h e date given is that of the l a t e s t r e c o r d . All the 1-ki lometre s q u a r e s f o r which t h e r e a r e r e c o r d s a r e in 100-kilometre square 52.

DISTRIBUTION O F T. OCHROLEUCON BY I-KILOMETRE SQUARES IN CAhIBRIDGESHIRE AND THE ISLE O F ELY

20152 by Storymoats Spinney, 1963. , -- 21/51 Gamlingay, 1913. -- >F./:'.7-1 C , p::' , " ! - 26/54 G r e a t Gransden, 1940. 26/54 Papworth S t . Agnes. 29/50 E a s t Hatley, 1940. 29/53 by Hayley Wood, 1940. 29/61 N. of Caxton Gibbet, 1957. 30154 Longstow. 30158 Caxton. 3 1 1 9 Croydon, 1950. - 31/54 Old North Rd. station, 1954. 32/53 n e a r Kingston Wood. -- 32/56 Bourn. 33/51 Wimpole. 34/52 by Eversden Wood. 3 5 1 3 Ci ldecot , 1953. - 35/61 Childerley. 3h /S F o x Hill. 1958. - ' - - -

36/Z ~ v e r s d e n Q u a r r y , 1958. 3 6 1 s Eversden , 1954. - 36/55 Toft.

E . of Hardwick Wood, 1953. Hardwick, 1938. bv St. Neot's Road. 1939. , - . ~ i r l t o n . Comberton, 1954. Comberton to Madinelev R d . .

0 ,

D r y Drayton. Barr ington, 1954. b y Madingley Wood, 1939. outside Madingley P a r k , 1954 Haslingfield, 1963.

coton, '1916.- Madingley Road, 1898. Huntingdon Road, 1943. King's Hedges, 1950. Hinton, 1894. c ever sham . Fulbourn, 1913. Quy. Wilbraham, 1913. Ely.

55/48 Hildersham, 1895. -- 56/47 Linton. 1913. 57/56 Six ~ i i e Bottom, 1913. 58/45 Bartlow, 1913. 58 148 Borlev Wood. 58150 ~ a l s h a m , (undated). 58/62 Anglesey Abbey, (undated). 60151 West Wratting, 1963. -- 61/43 Shudy Camps, 1955. - 6 3 f i Fordham -Soham Road, 1898. - -

Note: two localities recorded for T . ochroleucon have not been included either in the summary or on the map:- (i) 44/57 Gravel pits near Paradise, Cambridge. This is

mentioned by Babington, but a s being las t recorded by Relhan.

(ii) 66/59 Wood Ditton. This is not given in Babington, but there is a specimen in the Cambridge University Herbarium marked a s having been collected a t Wood Ditton in 1829.

It should also benoted that the locality marked as being in 1-kilometre square 48/56 (Hinton) was included by Babington a s having been last recorded by Ray; T. ochroleucon was apparently not recorded a t Hinton again until W. West found it there in 1894: he, however, added 'but did not appear in 1895'.

DEVELOPMENT O F THE PAPPUS IN LIGULATE COMPOSITAE

H. Meyer

Cichorioideae, the sub-family of Compositae primari ly - characterised by lieulate f lorets , has also in mos t genera . - a very efficient wind-dispersal by means of a pappus attached to the achene; this ac ts a s a parachute, buoying up the relatively heavy achene and enabling i t to be car r ied for considerable distances by a i r currents .

Although this method of dispersal is also of frequent occurrence, and i s well developed, in our other sub-family of Cornpositae, the Carduoideae, i t i s only in the Cichor- ioideae that a beak i s devuloped upon the achene; and an interesting range i s to be seen from species which have no pappus at all , to those with the fullest and most efficient form of this beautiful device.

The different types comprising this range a r e shown in the accompanvina drawines. - . - 1 . Lapsana c o m m u n i s , ~ ~ p p l e w o r t . The only native species with a simple achene, and with no pappus o r appendage of any kind.

2. Cichorium i n t y b s , Chicory. An achene crowned with a border of short scales. This also occurs in Arnoseris. 3 . Hieracium pilosella,Mouse-ear Hawkweed. An example of the simplest form of wind-borne pappus, consisting of one row of simple rigid hai rs , growing directly upon the achene.

All the other native species of Hieracium (except H. peleteranum) a s well a s Cicerbita and Sonchus have a sim- i lar pappus, but with the hairs in two rows; while -pis has the hairs in 0 - many rows. 4. Sonchus oleraceus, Common Sow-thistle, shows this

form of pappus, but with longer softer hairs. In Cicerbita the outer pappus hairs a re shorter than

those on the inner row; while in -pis pappus i s sometimes lacking from the outer achenes. 5. Taraxacum officinale, Dandelion, illustrates the development of a beak upon the achene, raising the pappus to a greater height above the receptacle, so that when the seed ripens and the pappus expands tnere develops a larger head with a hollow air-space beneath the pappus, thus giving the wind a greater opportunity to effect dispersal.

Similar beaked achenes occur in Lactuca, C r e p g (section Barkhausia) and in 6. Mycelis muralis, Wall Lettuce, which has only a very short or rudimentary beak, a s well a s short outer hairs to the pappus. 7. Leontodon h i s p u , Rough Hawkbit, shows a further development in which the pappus hairs a r e feathered with smaller secondary hairs , a feature which by presenting additional surface to the wind gives greater buoyancy than simple hairs . This type, like the simple pappus, i s also found upon both unbeaked and beaked achenes, the unbeaked being Leontodon hispidus, L. autumnalis, P icr is hieracioides (sometimes with a vcry s110rr beak), and Scorzonera M. Thosc having both beaked achenc and feathered pappus, and rhcreforc showing the fullest development, ---. 8. Leontodon taraxacoides (Thrincia hirta), Hairy Hawk- bit, w s (Helminthia) echioides. Hypochaeris and Trap;o: - -

E O gon. 9. Showe Hypochaeris radicata, Long-rooted Cat's Ear, and 10. T G o p o g o n pratensis, Common Goat's-beard.

Tragopogon, a s the figure shows, has attained a degree of development f a r beyond all other native species a s r e - gards its size, and in addition has a pappus distinguished by thelong simple hairs which stand out beyond the feathered head, whereas in other genera and species there a r e simple hairs which a r e shorter than the feathered ones.

In some eenera and s ~ e c i e s both s i m ~ l e and more - developed characters occur together. For instance, there a r e the simple pappus hairs just referred to which always occar a s an outer ring around the feathered ones. ~ h e s e a r e seen in 3pocha ; r i s radicata, L g l a b r a . Leontodon hispidus, L.taraxacoides, Scorzonera humilis and T r a g x p q g z pratensis.

InHypochaeris glabra the outer achenes a r e without beaks and in Leontodon taraxacoides the outer ones have no pappus, but only a r im of short scales, a s in Cichorium (a useful feature for determining this species); hence it is the innermost part of the head (capitulum) which has the highest degree of development, when this does not extend to a l l parts of the head. This habit is consistent with that occurring in general in the structure of flowers, where the most specialised organs, the pistil and stamens, a r e in the centre with the less specialised petals and sepals outside.

SOME RECENT BRYOPHYTE RECORDS FROM WICKEN FEN

J.M.Lock

Wicken Fen has been somewhat neglected as a locality for bryophytes until recently. This i s perhaps due to the very small number recorded in Richards (1930). The bryophytes recorded can, with few exceptions, be seen in other localities, and they a r e also not very obvious members of the f lora in the summer, which is when botanists usually visit Wicken. The bryophytes of the droves, the sedge fields, and the lodes, such as they a re , were mostly recorded in the 19301s, and few additions have been made in these areas in recent years. Proctor (1956) included some new records made since the war, but since his paper was published many new species have been found. St. Edmund's Fen has provided records of some species whose normal habitat in the county is the oakwoods on the calcareous boulder clay. The fen itself has been found to have patches where leaching has taken place to a sufficient degree to allow the development of a bryophyte flora including more calcifuge species than any other locality in the county except in the Gamlingay area.

The principal a rea l ies in Franvula ca r r near the brick pits. The c a r r does not appear to be very old; twenty-five years would be a reasonable estimate of its age. The ca r r has developed on an a rea of fen which bore an old sward of Molinia. The decaying tussocks of this grass still remain below the bushes,forming clumps which stand 6" - 8 " above the peat surface. The ground is damp, but the water table i s well below the surface. These tussocks and, in places, the peat surface have been leached to such an extent that many calcifuge mosses and liverworts can grow on them. The pH of the surface peat in parts of this area has been found by Colonel Mitchell, the warden of the Fen, to be a s low as 4 .2 - very acid. The pH of most of the fen is around 7. Another feature of the Fen, which doubtless encourages these bryophytes i s the high humidity found in the ca r r . The other localities where acid soils a r e found in the county a r e rather dry.

If the c a r r in this area i s only twenty-five years old, the brvo~hvtes must have arrived there com~arat ivelv r e - , . , cently, probably within the last fifteen years. The nearest localities for the species concerned a r e widely scattered; the nearest place where al l grow together might be in Norfolk, or , if not, somewhere to the west, in the Midlands. It must be assumed that al l the species have reached the Fen by long-distance dispersal of spores. No other ex- planation,other than calculated and carefully planned introduction, could explain their presence there. All the species concerned do fruit fair ly regularly in their more favour- able localities. The Hookeria in particular looks very like a recent arrival; there were two patches of very small

shoots, which looked healthy, and young, rather than stunted.

There i s no doubt that more bryophytes remain to be discovered at Wicken, and it is hoped that this short account will encourage more people to go and search for them, and also to record their finds. Other acid patches may exist in the carr , and several of the mosses recorded from the droves and sedge fields have not been seen recently and should be looked for .

In conclusion I should like to thank Dr. H. L. K. White- house for his help with identifications, and for lending me his lists of Cambridgeshire bryophytes. Col. Mitchell has provided pH measurements, and the B. B. S . Referees, Mrs. J.A.Paton and Miss U. K.Duncan, have kindly identified specimens sent to them.

Atr'chvm "ndulafom. Common in the arsc near the Brick Pi*, growing in Larg, clump8 beth .n the -1.3 MOlin i l tusro.*a m d on th* p o t sur*aic. Fr"it seom. i o bL freely PZX. P a , ~ r , c ' l u m r i i u l j , ~ . .I i." .brut. 0.. . .,'C."L*d .XU.?? ne,. ,ni nT;;r ;',., o.i, r .r 4:: ,.lt<h,.. .,<a .n d r i l c . '( Irl.2.. .rii Lbr ill;. . , . n I k . b ~ . ..* - . r Dra,"c..".,'L. A . D . c , = , a! f<r"r:SL..?-*

,:,,,".>,̂ "- .I. ..urO.. .,.,y ..rr1np r n i .rcl.rd y n ' r i r i ..I c.. a,,. 01 oerc, :...*a r r I'r Chalk. m. ar ( i lmlmqny

Po,*&"- f , , r n ? ~ , . 5 c v r , a , .rn.ll p t i ' l r n st. .,!a i l o l : n l . l l . a r . k a , . , Uir 0, tu. ninrr pa:...,. l n v r be:" .c.n " 8 . . '." "."'.y. C ' . ' . U l O " ih , a., a i r f a l ; : . > * t , % L - = .r,

r > s c ~ . ~ ~ ~ . ~ . ? . ~ ~ . . & . n A ,!" . - > d : C :? ' , o A ' d a r c ! ~ y * r . > t C > m l n - I."

P~,?rirh"m<r.,r,n,n. h i e w . ~ r , . w , . ~ L . ", I,. came .I.. 1. :k. -- ,",, ,p:::e# rh , , %?*C,*. - a , ,a,, r e< >.d*d ," t x c, ." . , L. I%>:: ,? . ,,I , : . . . ,I r r normal:" 1 r.mc u! ,hc a< aoq.. ,rd . is . r c l r r m i . .I h1:kcn i r l i r r r . " l r g

UI:..".,,~ hnrromrl,. A r.,rlfl",. ape.,... .mf#.lrd lo .t.mpr 2nd - . . . . - . : u . i r r . i , . r 3 . r cam;. .. r r nl.inm.at r r .c~(msr ar , +'IFL .L ,,,ik:,, I, ,CC":.. m ou Ll , l" , . . ,.'S*<'.. m rc lmp. , a,. .XP,.L~ ,,.< r,.m ."d on r r * , .rCqr - > I , L.l.Ui. u b c n r r r p c c r . . r l ! > ,P.C,S d , ho ,,:a,,. '?",P. ,?,, . ,,!Y a d a: ,>md,"t:".

Dicranam a c o a e e . A scarce rp.cis. in the county. and .ca.rs ai.0 at Wicken. Srrn in two sifsa, h both g*swkg on the tops of old iussoc*. . Torfull ,*.v,pi,n. AD epiPhyric spacic., Lii. Dicnnoweiria ~ i . l l t l . DoUi t h s ~ e 8pecies have leccntly b c ~ n favnd at Wicken, and rhoir ascurxence there i. not .urpri.ing.

Tefr*ph,, il".idr. A she,. r , w p orthis mos.w.. found in*. *re. "=,he BZ* Pi". B'owing on il rottcn rhlmp. T b specie. is ,"id.- ..?cad on *is .ub.trrtum in fh. wetter aerts .* the country. but Lhi. is only th. scsmd racer* from 01. county, the other bein* ir.m O u n l i n g y .

~ ~ t h o d o n t i v m lineare. An introdoced species, spreading in the covnty on rotten wood, and fairly common on old X@&tussosks in the area near the Brick pits. It fruits abundantly.

Mnivm affine. Thi. species and the ncxf have heen confueed in fhs past. hut a specimen from the Fen was determined as this species by the B.B.S. referee, and it ia probably E ~ m m m under carr. It i s a woodland species.

Mnium seligeri. Recorded from Wicken by many observers, aften stated io he aEdant, but some of these records may refer to the 1a.t species. A fen species.

Aulacomnium androgp-. Another spaciee confined to rotten woad in the county. It occurs sparingly, on decayed tussocks and on rotten wood, in several parts of the fen, including the Brick pits area, and the ~ a f s h of old birches bv Drainers Ditch. Leaiea p o l y c a ~ p ~ . A species of f ree trunks liable to flooding. A oatch on a hawthorn by Drainere Ditrrh. .. . ~ ! ~ ~ k ~ ~ ~ ~ A f e w srnal! .hoo.s of r ' x ~ s western c a l c l f ~ g c aperics -. ,,,. : ,mi a, ~n old g o ~ & : ~ tuarock m rhs xrsa n e a r ihr 9r:ck piro in

1 >!,I. 12.3 ir a :prc:ea w'llch requires high iun;id.,y, rnd wi.ct ~ . t l ~ r ~ rcrLs:clve to frost. I! !s cvlnrron ~1 r.uirnerr. and w r i t c m cn,rr!ler, but i s rare or abscnr rr mrny eastern area.. Therr

a Ircorc from xo:rol~, whxh t r probably the nearer! station to W l r r e r i . 'n!? rnrc:ra l.ra )no'. prrv,nuslu been recorded from. Cam-

Amhlystegium jurahkanum. 'Apparently rather common . .. in damp -- places,and probably accure throughout thecovnty in suitable habitats. , Proctor (1956) Recorded from St. Edmmds Fen, and probably oocsurs elsewhere.

isothecivm m p r u m . A apscica of woodlands in Cambridgeshire, where it occurs on tree bases, but i s always uncommon. Recorded from old earr on Sf.Edmunds Fen.

~ ~ ~ ~ i ~ t h ~ ~ i ~ ~ denticulatum. mi. .paciea is rather ;;the fen, and occurs in similar situations t o Diczanella hetaromalla. Occvra on rotting stumps thioughovt the county, but nowhere common.

Calypaeeia f issa . This plant i s widespread v n old Mollnia tns8ocks in - carr near the rick pits. 'Certainly not typical 4fie44 - but comee closest to that species as I understand i t at preaeni.' - Mrs. J.A. Paton, B.B.S. Referee. Cclvpvpgeia fiasa has previously been recorded in tambridgeshire only from woodeaf Gamlingay and from Hildersham Wood.

F r u l l a n i dilatata. An epiphyte, fa i r ly common in the county. Recently r e c ~ r d e d from several places in the fen.

Rsdula compl-fa. Also an epiphyte, somewhat =are= than the las t in the comfy. on a hawthorn by Drainers Ditch.

C O M P m T E LIST OF RECORDS

Disranelil he*eromoll* (Hmdw.) Sshimp.

Dicranoweis* cirrata (Hedw.) Lindb.

Dicranvm .e~p&rium Bedw. Campy,Devs flsxuosua

(Hsdw.1 m i d . Toitvia ,aavi(liia 1Brid. I

~ ~ h w ~ ~ ~ ~ : Bl.b"i8 Canvoluta Had,". 8. tophacca W i d . ) Mitt. runaria hygrometric. Hsdw. atraphi s peilvcida Hedw. OrthDdontium ILicare

Schunegr. Leefobiyum p p i f o r m r

,U".,", , W<IS .

,963 J.M.L.

1959 H.L.K.W. 1963 I . M . L . 1963 I .M.L. ,963 I .M.L.

1918 S.M.W. 1958 S.M.W. 1929 P.W.R.

1951 R.E.P.

1960 P . D . B .

1961 P.D.S. 1963 J . M . L .

1963 J.M.I..

1961 P.D.S . 1953 M. C.F. P. 1930 P.W.R. 1930 P.W.R. 1963 J.M.L.

1963 J .M.L.

,930 P .W.R.

1919 P.W.R. ,955 C.C.T. 1911 M. C.F. P. 1953 M.C.F.P. 1918 S.M.W. 195% R.E.P. I955 C.C.T. 1911 P.G.M.R.

1963 J . M . L . 1950 M.C.F.P. 1930 P.W.R. . 1930 P.A.B.

1930 P.W.R. 1963 J.M.L. 1963 J . M . L .

cratmeur.. mieinum ( ~ e a w . I Spruce 1929

C. rrmmutatum ( ~ c h . 1 RoUl 1928 cnmpylinn steuntum (Hadw.)

ango go k c.Sens. 1929 C. protensum rid.) Kindb. 1930 c. .+o,ygnmum (B. L S. I

J .LMge L C.JFIID. 1949 C. ~ i o d e s (I.uldb.1 Xidb . 1929 Aiblystegium sarpen.

( ~ ~ h v . 1 e. a s . ,990 A. juratskanum schunp. 1958 A. varivm ( H e h v . ) Lindb. 1929 Drrpiwocladus admeus

(Hedv.1 w a r n s t . ,953 *sloriadi"m cu.pidatum

(Hed-.) Lindb. ,932 isothecium m ~ r u m (Brid.1

Brid. 1917 Brachphesium rutabulum

8. Ir 5 . 1929 8. ilvuinre B. k S. k G. 1953 e. ~ , l ~ t i n ~ ( ~ e d w . 1 B. & 5. 1953 Eurhynchium piae1onaum

(Hedw.)Hobk. 1953 E. s w a r t r i i (Turn . ) Cum. E. s p e c i o ~ ~ m ( 8 r i d . I Milde 1929 Piagiothecium denticulatum

(Hedw.) 8. k S. 1963 HWum svprasriir.rms H-dw.

var. ..supinaturn (wile.) Schimp. I 9 5 7

ct.,iai, mouusoum (Hedw.) Miil. 1938

c ~ L ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ fissn (I..) Rtddi 1963 mphocolea bldentota (L. I

D m . 1963 L. h c t e r o p h y l b (Schrad.1

Dum. 1957 P l n g i a r h i l ~ psplenioide8 (L. 1

Durn. 1931 ~aduln somplanatr (L.) h l m . 1963 Fruliani. d%lata*a (L.1 Dum. 1957 Pellia iabbroniana Raddi 1929 M a r t h a s l a polporpha L. 1930 ~ i ~ ~ b i l u i m s I.. scns s t r ic t .1961 R*sCios*=e"s M f P I (L. )

Cord2 1928

P.W.R. P .W.R.

P . W . R . E.A.

P. J. C. P.W.R.

P.W.R. S.M.W. P.W.R.

M . C . F . P .

E . W . J .

H.L.K.W.

P.W.R. R.E.P. R.E.P.

R.E .P . P.W.R. P.W.R.

J .M.L.

H. L.. K.W.

P.W.R. I. M. L.

J.M.L.

H.L.K.W.

P.C.H. J. M. L. H.L.K.W. P .W.R. P.W.R. H.L.K.W.

L i s t of Col lectors

Miss E. Armi tage , P. A. Buxton, P. D. Brown, P. J. Chamberla in , P. C. Hodgson, T. M. H a r r i s , E. W. Jones , J. M. Lock, R. E. P a r k e r , M. C. F. P r o c t o r , P. G. M. Rhodes, P. W. Richards , P. D. Sell, C. C. Townsend, H. L. K. Whitehouse, S.M. Walters .

References

Proctor , M. C.F. (1956) A Bryophyte F lora of Cambridgeshire. Trans. Bri t . Bryol. S 0 c . L

Richards, P. W. (1932) The Bryophytes of Wicken Fen in Gardiner & Tansley, The Natural History of Wicken Fen, & 539-43.

Warburg, E . F (1963) Census Catalogue of British Mosses.

VASCULAR PLANT RECORDS FOR 1963

F . H Perr ing

Asplenium trichomanes L. A single plant on a wall on the - north side of Westley Waterless Church. F .H. Per r ing . 28 July. Only two other localities in Cambridgeshire. Athyrium filix-femina (L. ) Roth Wilburton Manor. Trust - excursion. September. Another record of a fe rn which may be spreading in the county. Dryopteris lanceolatocristata (Hoffm.) Alston Outwood. - G. Crompton. August. A very r a r e fe rn in Cambs.; known also f rom the nearby Ditton P a r k Wood. Ranunculus lingua L. Large colony at Welches Da.n . P. D. Sell. 17 August 1961. An important rediscovery of a plant in a locality known to A. F rye r ; otherwise now only known in the Wicken a r e a . Agrostemma githago L. Field by the Devils Dyke where it - i s crossed by the Burwell Road. D. Chamberlain. July. The Corn Cockle is very r a re ly seen nowadays and does not persis t . Stellaria palustris Retz. Welches Dam. G. Crompton and F.H. Perr ing. September. Long regarded a s extinct in the county: it was exciting to find that a tiny colony st i l l r e - mains. Sagina nodosa ( L . ) Fenzl Quy Fen. S.M. Walters. 10 Aug- ust. Recorded from Quy Fen by Samuel Wanton over 100 years ago. Trifolium scabrum L. In smal l quantity a t Hildersham Furze Hills, F. H. Perring. 4 August. Otherwise only folad near Chippenham. It is in danger of extinction in the county. m y r u s aphaca L. Very abundant a t Donkey Common, West Wratting. F . H . Per r ing . 22 June. The only recent record eas t of Cambridge. Urtica dioica L. var . s g u s t i f o l i a Wimrn. & Graeb. Chip- penham Fen. F .H. Per r ing . 4 Auguat. This variety is very tall , has narrow leaves and is without stinging ha i rs . It is common a t Wicken Fen, especially in ca r s . Pulmonaria officinalis L. Not native, but very well established in the erounds of Bottisham Park . Field Committee. - 8 June. No previous record.

Veronica filiformis Sm. Completely covering a small meadow in Snailwell. F. H. Perring. 5 May. It is fifteen years since it was f i r s t recorded &the county, but it could have been a t Snailwell much longer. Dipsacus oilosus L. A very fine colony in open woodland, Bottisham Park. Field Committee. 8 June. Edge of Sparrow's Grove, near Burrough Green. 24 August. Trust excursion. Epsacus strig= Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. Closer ex- amination of the teasel which grows in Little St. Mary's Churchyard, Cambridge, discloses that it is not D. pilosus, but this s ~ e c i e s , which i s native of Asia Minor and Persia. In ~ r i t a i n ' it i s a r a r e alien. Inula helenium L. Wilburton Manor. Trust excursion. Seotember. A handsome olant which sometimes escanes - . from cultivation. Serratula tinctoria L. Abundant near Bottom Farm, Wood- bury Park. Gamlingay. F . H Perring. 28 April. A very r a r e plant elsewhere in E.Anglia. Ruscus aculeatus L. Butcher's Broom is not considered a native of Cambridgeshire, yet it s t i l l occurs abundantly in the grounds of Anglesey Abbey where Professor Henslow recorded it about 130 vears aeo. Field Committee. 28 Mav. Juncus acutiflorus ~ h ; h . ex ~ o f f m . Quy Fen. S. M. ~ a l t e r s . 10 August. This i s a very r a r e plant in the county, and is the f i r s t record for over 15 years.

FURTHER RECORDS O F CAMBRIDGE MYXOMYCETES

Bruce Ing

In a recent paper (A) a number of myxomycetes were r e - corded for Cambridgeshire. Since then several more species have been found in the county, one of which i s new to Britain

I am indebted to Mr. P. K. C.Austwick for his kindness in giving me part of his collection, which includes many gatherings from the county, and in allowing me to consult the remainder; and to Mr. J. L. Gilbert for contributing several records from Madingley. A good deal of collecting has been done a t Chippenham Fen, Wandlebury, and Hayley Wood, the last in connection with Conservation Corps activities,and many more locality records have been added in this way.

The number of species recorded for vice-county 29 i s now sixty. The arrangement follows that of the 1962 paper.

cra+erium iruirumph-. 57. Cratcrium minuium. 25.

* m i , anellus M.rgM On hawthorn ,saves.

rDiaorma effusum (sshw.)M.rg. On dead ,eaves. 45.

*Com~t i i chr solitaria Nonn. -Brem. (Dl First British record. Developsd in moi s t chamber on n,ivera of living bark. col1e.t.d in m(ly1-y Wood prior to =,oaring operatione. in February 1963. On oaL, ash. and fi~ld m;rolr~

L E ~ h i n o s t o l i w mblvium deBlry On straw. This represent. the sixth a d Laat Order found in the county. .. 3 ,.

rcribraria caneelkT.ta (Batreh1Nnnn.-Brcm. (C) (Dislydinm v,cei iatum (BatsshJMacbr.1 On oak stump. *< .-. Tub3f.r. t e r r a e . 51. Reticularia ry-e*. Not recorded since Relhan ( 1 8 1 0 ) but refound af Wandlebuiy in April 1963. 45. Lyco&apidendrum. 3 6 3 7 . -

*Cnlomyxo mctallica (Berk.)Niewland (B) ,(Margarita meta1iica (Ber*.)Lister) A rare specie* reesntiy fovnd on rotten Doguoodstalkr at myley W O d . 21. .P*rishaen. vermicv,aria (Sshw.)Rost.

On dead beech i.."ES.

4s. 'PlrichaFna drp- Libcrt

On bark. "5. I S . *2cyria incamata. 6 6 .

References

A. Ing, B. 1962. Cambridge Myxomycetes. Nature in Cambs_. 5: 41-48.

B . Martin, G. W . 1961. Taxonomic notes on Myxomycetes 111. Brittonia 13: 109-113.

C. Nannenga-Bremekamp, N. E. 1962. Notes on Myxomycetes V. On the identity of the genera Cr ib r a r i a

and Dictydium. Acta bot. Neerl . 11: 21-22. D. Nannenga-Bremekamp, N.E . 1962. Notes on

Myxomycetes VI. Acta bot. Neerl . 11: 23-34.

Garth Christian: While Some Trees Stand.pp. 142 t 27 black and white photographs. Newnes, London. 2 1 / -

The popular l i terature of nature conservation is s t i l l curiously undeveloped, in spite of the enormous appeal of natural his tory writing of the more traditional so r t . There a r e welcome signs, however, that some of the gaps a r e being filled. Garth Christian's new book can be recom- mended unreservedly to the naturalist and country-lover, young o r old, who is beginning to ask the important quest- ions about his o r her responsibility topreserve the heritage of nature.

The f i r s t chapter se ts the scene in the post-war English countryside. The author does not disguise his dismay a t the ruthless, short-term destructive development of the use of 'land'; but he puts the responsibility where it has to he. We a r e al l concerned, and we must ac t to create and extend an enlightened puhlic opinion.

The main par t of the book considers the present status and possible future fate of a number of familiar wild animals of the English countryside. The approach here seems to he a very successful one: popular hut full of fact. Here you can find a balanced assessment of the conservation problems of the badger and the red squirrel . for example, together with those emotionally more complex problems for the naturalist, the alien grey squirrel , rabbit and muntjac deer . Each case exhibits clearly how a reasoned, scientific argument for conservation can be developed; it also shows that conservation is & blind 'protection', for that can he worse than useless , given ecological change a s a fact of nature.

The many excellent black and white illustrations a r e both pleasing and informative. There is a useful biblio- graphy, though here, if I may be permitted a note of cr i t ic- ism, there a re surprising omissions: Rachel Carson, for example, sure ly one of the best-known (even notorious ! ) conservation authors, gets no mention. The price of one guinea is commendably low, and should bring the book within reach of al l naturalists.

S.M.W

WEATHER NOTES FOR CAMBRIDGESHIRE 1963

The winter 1962-63 gave thelongest spel lof severe weather in N. W. Europe since 1740. In Cambridgeshire f ros t pene- t rated the ground to a depth of two fee t . The slow-flowing fen lodes were completely frozen up, with ice eighteen inches thick, f rom mid-Decem ber 1962 until 4th March 1963. Although snowfall was not heavy, snow cover on the ground was almost continuous over the same period. Night temperatures were below freezing point on seventy-four successive days a t Burwell. During the night 22nd-23rd January the thermometer fell t o 2O F. ,and on 24th January it did not r i s e above 17O F. The monthly mean temperature for January (25.5O F.) was 11.5O F. below average, and February with a mean temperature of 29O F. was 90 F. below average. From March onwards temperatures r e - turned to normal; but August was decidedly cool, and in December severe weather s e t in again. The summer was generally ra ther poor; nevertheless , there were two fine, warm, and sunny spells, 30th May - 12th June and 20th July - 2nd August, with the temperature reaching 830 F. a t Burwell on 30th July.

Total rainfall for the year was slightly below average. February and December were part icular ly d r y months and August was wet - showing the Cambridgeshire t rend towards the continental annual rainfall pattern. The range of temperature for the year , 34.5' F., a l so reveals the same tendency towards continental climate.

I am grateful to Rev. W. Franc is Hicks for the records below.

WEATHER RECORDS AT SWAFFHAM PRIOR 1963

TemDerature F

Number of days over 800 F. - 4 Nvmber oi days over 70° F. - 40 Number of days under 3Z0 F. - 32 Number of nights under 3Z0 F . - 99

42

T Chapman. W.J.. W4mbt.b Mans.. S ~ e e i r l b . RD,mton, HF*..

T C h s ~ r o n . D.M. . 4 Primrom. Lmt, Wsurbe-ch. C m b l .

T C h ~ s t ~ r ~ o n S~condary Girl*' School. Gilbert Road. CMbria8L.

T Chbsrs. Miss R.H.. Wlodlmda Fym. Ashdon. Saffron Ualdss. E s s u .

T Chri.rna*, J ." . , R.rtor) Firm, OX*., -msasn. sm+, seas.

T Clark. D . .D .H. . The MusC. FulMurn Haspitli. C.mb..

T a u k . F.W.. 8 M...'l.ld Road, Dmdord.

Clmba. T Col.bi.ok. Dr. D. C., IL i(.rtinscon Grow.

Clmbrid.. . T N Colemm. Mr.. S.P. . 4 Thm".r=ra*>,

H.,.rhcl noad, Garnbrids*. T C o l ~ . i d ~ * S . ~ ~ " l i % ~ ~ say., Srhml. A a d * w d

Road. Camkldge. T Coisridgr Se.."darg Gin.' School. R.ds.und

Band. C-biMsm. T N c.,*r. Mrs. G.A.. s Brsokvld*, Cambribss. T GndOr. P 1.. Did CID.. 0 i .ThlTd. SWamFI

Lma. GrnberUm, Cambr N Cook, Mr.. E. . I Norwick Stre=+. Ombiidgs. T N b m b e . Dr.D.E.. Christt . Collegs.

Cambridge. T N CP,"... E.I .H. , 93 A! tD" way. =*.a,

Sh.lIaid. Cambs. T Grnwalii.. A . K.. ala..byC.ans., La..&*,

Market R...". xulc.. N Cot,, Or.H. B.. D-pi. d ZomLsgy, CambrXs~. N CndorX. S. . Ch.mirtry D l v r t m m t .

1.msfirid a=&, Clmhiidgs. T cro, E.R.. 3 R.riarda.rcn. Harbw.E..llr. T C... M... E.P., 3 Rlrsora errm. HA,LLL,

Ens-. T N c.om.ion. Mrl . 6.. ?hr*p>ow Farm.

Ihriplow. C l m b l T N Cruickshmk. M i s ~ E . M . . I62 Hvntbsdon

Raad. C m b x i d g e . N Cslpn". H.C., 94 Gram End B o d .

Cnmbrldg.. T CunnbsDlm. Mrs. P.. FrMabro R h e CSttsIs,

Ashridge PIIX. BrrkhemalLd, Hlrfs. T Cur,ona. Miss C.E.. 59StretianAvcnue. - ~

Cambridge. T d'Abo. R. E . N . . Wast Wri ihbg R r k . Cunbs. T dL*LI.". M.J.. 3 Kmgsfan ssrert. 'mmbridg.. N Daiwh, F . W . , D e n , d Zoolosy, C-bridg.. N Da.". Mi.. 5 . . 21 Wlrkworrh 3trrrr.

C l m b r s % e . r Dear. Mr.. J . , The End HC.Y.F. h d 7

MLrg**ai Road. Cambridg.. T N d. Cmd.lr. Mr. F.. mr Vir.r.g..Har.tDn.

Cambe. 1 Dellmr. Miss R.G.. Nrwnhsm Colbsr.

Cunbridgs. N Dsvmy, Mill O.R., 1 YieLoilaStrc*t,

Cambrldse. 7 Dirk. D P . * . P . . B Msdbgl.7Ro.d.

Cambridge. T Dick. MI.. *.P.. 8 MadmEleyRoad.

Csmbridga. " J . H . , cirr. G I I F ~ ~ . Cambridgs. .I Diml&le. R. E.. B.rkwni HCu.C. B a r h a y .

R0).b", Hart*. N Ddaon. J. W.. COIF. Chr i s t i Colhgr.

Carnbi id%~. i Doime. D s . D . A . , 17 Thornlo" soad, Girton.

T DrlW., IL., I9 NSrthii i id Ria*. Pltrrboniue.

T Ddlf.~. Dr_E.A. . CDLmwo~d, Cbursb Street. Hamulgford Ljroy. Runt=.

T auul.[i.L.N.,'W.,.diin'. S,spl.lord. C.mb.. T D u e x ~ ~ . D.. Standifis FALL, DarIay Dale.

MIUorX. Derbp. T rmrE,l. D.Y., I D PI.. Hill. C.,"bridge. T N Dur.L. Mirm D.M., I 6 G r u l s c R0.d.

Bishoess SmrU.i~d, Hcrfs. T DI.~", I. W.. HIII V i i h a . Hslions BumpstFd.

H."~.hill, S"fiolX. N Sewaid.. J.J.. Sihool of Asricuib~r.,

Cambridge. T Eilioll. C.S.. Th. Llttb Mulor. H~Urron.

Cambr. T Ell,.. Mi.. D . M . B . . Brmtrr,.". New"lrk.t.

SutOLX. T Elram, D.. n r Old Taorn Houar. MaLdreh.

a r t s . T E,.Orn, Mr.. D.. Th. Oid To- Mu.-.

M.ldr.%h. nerta. T &ion. E . A . . Man* How*. Sobam. Clmba. 1 E*mr. C . J . R . . 76 Chesfcrton Rold.

CmibiidaF. N Em.. Dr.G.C. . Botuly S~bmoi. CambrWBI. T N Ev.ris.. 3.F.. 34 R..d. Ic*ah*m.

Mid*. T Fairhruon. Thr Lard. .."gi*aey *bbV.

Clinb.. T F*irrr.i. D P . B . H . . 51.1.hnS. c0ll.g..

Clmbr'dge T PuiFn. D., 8 Love,, ROld. Urnblid.. . T lullb-r. l. C . . S*OOL "ou8C. .%bb*LOn.

-~ ~~~ . Cambe.

T Fillinghim, M Y . M.. Oshool &us*. Emnslb. W>.b.Eh. ClrnbT.

T Fiinf. J.W. . The Cau.rxsy, Thornmy. Peterb;ro"&b.

N FO.b.., DZ.C.L . . L d ~ i C l r M"..um. Cambiiagr.

T F-rb, R*r.C.A.. The Rector% Bslsharn. Camba.

T Fordham. C.M.. Dd.=y, *.hwrll. BlldocX. H ~ r t s .

T Fordham, C . 7 . K . . 0dS.Y Clrm... *.~x..I, BlldDIX, %if*.

T Fordhem. F.. 9 ?ru tman Avenur, March. Carnb..

T Eordhnm, W.". . 0d.N. *.haril. Bn1do.X. Brta .

2* Qobbeit. D.I.. %dpalok M u e s m . Cambrsdgs. T N Codwin. pr.,r...i H.. Botany SOhool,

Cambridge. T N a"odhln. Dr. C.B., DF*. of loologl.

Cambridge. T N Gour,ay, Or. W.B., i MillkBtan =..a,

Cmbridsr. N OrMgDr, V.F., Old match' Col8enh.m.

Camb.. T mull. RII.*.S_, Th.l YiCI..CF, Hldde"hlrn,

ELI. Urnb.. 1 N Gray. Ralasrar Zii Jmmes, DI*. Of I D D i D F I ,

Cambiidg.. N G...~. c.F.. mr u y a smooi, c a m b r a g = . N Cpsm. MISS P.M.C.. 9 l o r u . k x t F s

C.mbiidge. N Gxesnslads, Dr. R.M.. 251 Nilla Road,

Cmmbiids.. N ontam, Mr.. A.N., P.llbuie XaYs-.

Nrwnh.n. Cambridgr. T I1 Cliiii,h., Mi.. H.. Twyf..d Labonmr* ,

Iw$ord A b b ~ y Road. Landon N. W.10. N bra".. A. I.. . DFV. DL -z.sQhY.

C M b i i d % L . w Cirubb. PJ., Botony SEhaol. C-bridSL T ouilmd. A. R., I94 Hunlhgdon R o d ,

C.rnb.idSF. 1 C."lhd. Mrs. *.H.. 194 H u n m l d o n Road,

C.mbiid%a. T m i n r r . ML.. E.J.. ~fi(tie orchard. Ciodahiil.

Fordingbrids.. H.*i.. N IW.. wiri D . M . . 6, nirlterton Road.

Cambridg.. T Hall. Mirs B.M.. Orchard CotfrJc. Har.ton.

Cninbn. T N H.1, P.G.. 4. R o t a n SLIFII, Carnbiidee.

~ < i a m . s m i h . N.. 36 Barton Road, C-bridge.

N Xammand. l., WcrEDmbr. l -r* Road. Cambridge.

w ~ a m r n r n ~ d . ~ r s . l.. Wercombe, L L v i d Road Clmbr ldgr .

N ~ . m r n r n ~ . l. Jnr.. Wexcombb. 1 Lu-3 Ra.d Crmbridpe.

N H.,*.~. hiss J . E . . DW. of Z D O ~ D W . Camaiid%a.

N Hadand. W. B.. Sadwick Museum, ClmbrideF.

T N H.rri.an, D.0.. 125 MlV..* Ro.d. Cmmbridae.

T Ha.h,", Mi.. 5. M . . Dr*. of Botany. Msnmial BUildyi... Bangor. Caeina.

T Ha.**,, MISS M.S.. n. C-ronse, (ireat Sh~ l fOid . Camha.

1 N H%eirid. C . G . M . , Kcnrood hag= . Lh*". crmbs.

T Xaatir.,. E., mrao i i c n . . Bar- Ro.d, Comb%rtm. Cmmb..

T H I B ~ I . I . N . M . , I 0 B s M n Rod. CLmbr ldP . N ~ ~ ~ d . ~ ~ ~ , ~ i * * B.M.B., *bb-yor-mar

Ssho.l. x=m..y. XwLt.. T N hapburn. 1.. 18 South Rald. Oundla,

Petribar."gb. N N r o d Mrs. R.N. C ~ m r n e a n d S ~

ro 'consnbam L a , xiston. ~ r m b s . T P.D.. 40 W k d s o i sold. Clrnb.ld$..

T Hluitsnn. R.B., L Wnilard'a Lam. Or*.( ShrUord, Crnb. .

T Aewitso". Mrs. R.B.. I wua"li*'s he, Crcnf Shrlfard. Csmbs .

N Hlyir;h;ia;;: S E d P i d Mu..-.

N Hind.. Dr.R.A., Depl. ol Zoolsgy~ Cambridg*. - N Hinds. J . H . , T h D " a v a . 44 W l r e i s6.6.c.t. Cmbri igc .

I H~FLLL. Mia. #.. 1 Rivev.rsidr Caurt, CSmbPidgL.

N Holdm. M.. 56 B'shop'r Raad.Tr-ping-. Cambridg*.

N xDLdgats. D..M. W., Dept. or loolagp, Clmb-.rldga.

N XoL,I.*.Dr.P.S.J.I Dept.ofi .ol .gy. Cmmbrid$..

N R ~ l ~ ~ ~ S ~ i l h . Mi*. M.. 5 Par* Terries. Cambridgc.

T "0pLh8. Mi.. J. L.. 2, Dlu..u.y.'d.. c r m b r i d g ~ .

w Xono"drni~h. C . , P."*ry RSeraiEB, nought." Gran%F. Huntinsdon.

T sow.. M r s . W.D., *6 Hillsid., 5awsian. Clinb..

T Hubblrd. Ibis. E.. Byran Hause School, i b .=rang= Road, U m b i i d s a .

H"ddl..to"., Mi.. M.J.. L I Norton c1o.e. N.wmli*et Road. Cunbridl..

Huaaan MISS G.1.. Rat 19. Hi%hsclt. %<til Road, Cmmbridgo. Hudran, I )r .X.I . , Botany School.

Camb.idg*. Hadlan. 3 . . S~dgvirX Mu..-.Cmmbridar.

Xughea. 0r.C-.M.. %pi. of Zooiogl. Clmbiid%e.

HWDI.. H .C. . G&i.in.r Can.#='. Granfc,..ata. Camb..

HughB6, N. F.. s:apYi* MYSLYII. Cambride.. 8 1 1 . L C . , ZZ Cbnprl Itresf, EiY. U i b s . Hull. Mrs. A. C. . 1 2 7hhpei S l r - L . El?.

Camb.. Xumpbieys. Miss R.. 156 Chastcrtm Ha*.

Sambr idse . I Hwph i,... Mi.. D.*_. BU* 'un.. Miifon.

Camha. xu t rhhaan , Mi ss O. M.. 231 C l m m e r Bad.

Cambiid&c. M i s s M.B., CrorrnurllR0u.o.

HignSir..t. Trampinu<.". C lmbr idsa . 0%. 8. . Kindrog." F h i d C.nfre. Enochdh".

B,.irBO".*, parmahi... hgiam. A. A. P.. a*. oc ~ o i a n y . ~ = r n o r i - l

B"i,dhgs. BW., N. Wiii*.. li"inb. Miss W.M.. " 9 M a d h g i r g R o d .

Cambridg*. Lurs, Miss J.V.. Zb WoadlarX Road.

Cambr,dce. JaELsn. Mrs. M., 161 Gilbert Road,

Clmbiidge. Junra. Mia. Y.H., 69 Barton R o d .

C.",bridg.. Mrs. *T.. Bo*irh&m Hail, -2-b..

JSFP.. Dr.M.w. . I1 Mona, Court. o r o n s o Emad, Cambridpr.

robe. Mis s B.M.. I7 ArDuiY Road. Cirnbiidge.

Johni.". Mia* * .C . . 45 Nos. Bold. Cambr .

Jon... B.D.. Tha O l l n . Fsrdhmm Road. N L W ~ ~ ? ~ . , . Sutiolt.

,.,yaly. Dr. X.A.. Dcpt. of Zooio l l . Cambridgr.

Ioymey, Mm. Y.C.. 8 0 Thomlon Road, Clmbridz*.

mh". PrafE.lor A . F . . Kh%'. Collase. Cambridg*.

mar M,.. 3. D.*. of ZODLDyy. Clmbrias.. K~SIL. Dr. 3. :D=w. of Biadrmi.Lry, C~mbridg*.

MI..Y, D , .C .H . , 12 cr.nmr. Rand. Cmmbiidgr.

XIM.dY. D..J.S. . ,la 5t0iey7r W.Y. csmbiidg*.

Illmy. Mi.. A.M.R.. I7 Wsaf Rod. Clmbiidsr .

Kerridgm, Mrs. L.N.. Ryor's Hold. Baiton, CMb..

Mrshaw. l.. 5~h.0, .f *giiCYlf...D, Cambridge.

Ill". Mr.. M . L . . LI w l x n l u m (Ternre. ~~ ,.

C.mbiidgli. I(.,."a., s ir G.offrey. Lamm.. Houa=.

B ~ h k l e y Ns-markrl. SuffaU. m,zmrn. Dr .k .~ . . 3 Herache1 R o d .

C.mbridg.. ~(ryt*. Y. C., I Wsrbays CIS... Cambl id8r .

XirnbS,. D.I.. 9 Lilac Clo... "aa lhgfb ld . Camb..

Xing, H.F.. Crnmbl. R<ph ScBoaLfor Boys. Cambridge.

PonC* ", W. P.. Minrmer., 4 Slrangavryr ROid. Cambri.Jzo.

Kin"..,. Miss M.. 16 Nutting= m a d , Cnmhridgs.

Might. Miss M.E.. 1 C h e n e r f m Read. Cambridge.

La lo , 0. . 63 Nomood Road. March.Cambl. Lamb=r(. M i s s C . . The Warren. Burgoynns

RDld, I"P"B"I Camb.. famberf, 0. H., 111 Rabhqoad*llow. Lun..

March. U m b l . kxtoan, P.X., Mlrch o r a m m a r S*DOL.

h'rrch. CamDr. Lawgr D2.G. 2 Barton ao...Camb,ldP. ~ a ~ ~ d d . L.G.: C / O aarelay, on*. ELY.

c.mar. Lavr r~ncc . P.. DeP. ef Z.oi0gy.C-brldgs. h a , Mrs. E.D.. I 1 SI.Blrn*bns Road.

CambiidEs. Lar, O.L.. Maltan. Os t i tu t r , Cambridge. ln. R. C.. N N B&.m F a r m . Tadlow. Reria.

ire. AD. 21 ~ t ~ ~ ~ ~ ' ~ way. csmbridge. T N NSrhson. Mi.* 8. . 10 Will ia R - 4 r L. F~:( .~. B.*_J .C. . R'"*i.*dr. Cambr'age.

Sh.pr.fh. Roystm. Bert*. T W N N r n a n , E .,.. Botlny Dcpt.. Unl~r.,",

T u Nrl. FS.t.-, Mrs. 8 .* .J .C. , Riveraid*. Colissc a< Wahs . Abarflm,fh. ShCeICfh, AOy.LO.. ".=*a. N N=mh.m. Miss A.G., 6 1 Hiils Road.

T ~ i d ~ ~ e t . M ~ S S M . . 18 wig. B o l t . ~bezrr cambridp. Hinfen. Cambridge. T Nru*m, D~a0sn.m~ K.M., 6 h a g a d l y

T Lind, Miml P.B.. C ~ p p ~ f i % r i d , Sobam, Eh. Clasa. Cnmbridpe.

Csmbs. N Nicbol~on. H.X.. Schaol a( AslglirulfurE. T Lingham. Mrs.*.. &=>oft cotlag*, Cmmbridl..

BYrhem. Clrnb. N NiBhl in~s le , Mi81 G.H.. 22 Cbrs?rrDn Wall

N L,..man. D..X.W.. &P,. a, Z.ol.ey, C,C..=nl, Cambridps.

C-biidgo. N Nabl.-N.sbiit. I., TXpt. .< zooi.EI, N Il.t... Mrs. i.. 45 L.".il Road, Clmbl idgr . Cnmbridao. N 1_itU., C . . Dlpe. 0' ZooI~gy. C-bridps. N Normm. A . F . . 198 M i l t m Road. C a m b r i d p . T b~., H . J . . c o u n ~ piannhg D.w., comfy T Nos a i l h ~ . J.F. K.. nDle L.d#*, Lii*at

Hal>. M l l r b , C-mbs. *bulgton. C lmbr . I L ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ . F . G . H . . ti mi.h slre.t. ~ . l b ~ ~ ~ . N G-7. C.D.. 111 *-L=h=&r M - & m

Roystsn. H.,t.. D m b i i d g c . N luDeO.. M ~ ~ . M.. 17 sigh stiaat. ~ = l b ~ = ~ . N *n. Mrs. C.D.. 111 e-t.b--t-r

Roysln . X r l l P . M..daw.o. CLmhridg.. T M~cc. . I~~ .G,~ . ve. G.M.. M ~ ~ ~ . ~ d t , ? Pdm- . m.W.C-.. 29 Malhgfon R o d .

Cilmb.. CamblidSF. T ~ a ~ ~ i ~ . ~ h . ~ ~ . a , H. w., ~ ~ b ~ ~ ~ . mldlcy, T h1m. i . Mr.. W.G.. 29 Mill*gtm R-d.

Epsom. surrry. Cambiidgc. N h. D r . F . 0 . . Vnius*ai(g Chem4.W T Ii Fn,mcr. w . B.. 32 F e n d m Rand, C a b i i d g - .

Laboramry, un.f,a,d none, Cambridgm. T N h n n . Prof*slor C.F.A.. 2s B=nneY Ro-d.

T M..shall. C.F.. Rlgion*, D~rrcior, Csnbr.dgr. Mmisrry ~ l m i ~ war*., B ~ . . L I ~ ~ . N -*in. Mrs . C.*.*. . I5 B a n a n R-d, b e " " . . Clmbiidga. Cambridg,..

N Marfin. G.S.. 83 Whillla(lay Road. W %tinl H . . 2 9 Coll*er R D ~ . Cmmbridse. Stanground, Pltriborough. T PL,k".M. W.. BUCLh",.t. Dmfor*, Clinb*.

Mlrful, M . ~ . , B . ~ ~ srho0i, cmmb,idgr. T PnrLinson. W. E.. 19 High Sfi==L. Sutton,

N M%thrws, Mila 6 . A . 4 Sfation Road. Eh. Cmmbs. Crmbiidg.. N Rrrhgi.". Dr.". , Do*. sf Z D a i D g l ,

T MLpe. J . E . O . , I MUlor Court. G r u l s c R o d , Cambridg*. Comb..dga. N Pariy. D i . D . A,. Drpt. of Zoaio$y,

T MSpr. Mrs. J . E . O . . I Manor Court. Cambria...

0.sn.e Road, Cambridse. N 0.. noch=.. orbr.

N McCurdy. DZ.R. . Old Hall l loulF, 2i-mii*n, S"*falL.

(inrboldish.m. Di.., Nozfol*. T *-r.iel, Mi*. ha.*.. 5 Mli l c* molrl

Bsrfon. Camb.. T McKmrie. K.H.. 9 6tation Rcrd, C l m b r i d ~ r . T N pa.rms. Mzs. E. W.. I Ciarkson Bold. N M.Xlr. Dr.= . . >s(im C3llcga. Cambridge. Cambridge. T M ~ Q u i l l m . D r . % . 2 Uviin- Rord. Worf. T p.?., QR,, I. ~ ~ ~ t ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ t , nIv.ton aOsd.

Ca".~iu>y, ClmbridRe. ClmbiidgF. T MeUuilisn. M r s . K.. 2 A I W F Ra-4, W s * L T )sees Mlas K.M.. Girtom Cali;#=.

Clu.eu.y. C.mbriagr. T Meld., MTI, E.M.. L D U I Br0-l. Littb

Cunbridaa.

Sh.liord, Camba. T R s r a y . M i l l I.S.. N l m h a m CoIIees.

Cnmbribge T Msrdc. M i l l P.. Stmho* H.11. &S'. Lnn. .I P ~ . . ~ ~ . ~ i . . A. P.. n s l(ingm. Orchard,

Norfolk. T MSglw. Mias A.D.. Girt-" C@,l.ec.

K b g ' a MUI -I.. Crsat Sh-lford,

Cambridg*. -bs.

N M .,,an by. D r . d . . Blmo. Ho"... m v z r h Pearean,h(rs.J-L.. Nula WP's Lodgr.

street. Sf . IVI . . Xuntl. Grulbam. Rod. Crrlt Sh.lf.id, Cmmbl.

loo, . A , , Ph ymiol onid uba,au.T, N P-Y, M i r r M . . 3n ~ i = i d . i d e . C-b=.

'ambridge. P Poriris-lay>or. M h s M., 1 Buinmrii ir ld,

T MI.ID". Mrs. P.A. . P h i o l ~ g i s l i Cambridg..

luboralory, CambridgF. T H Pl r r ina . O . F . H . . 21 (Ihornton Closr.

T Maycr. Mi#* D.. 5 So~brr* Avsnos, Girton. Cnmba.

Lc,.hW*nh. Hlrf . . N Perry. Miss M.I.. 13 Xigh 3-cet,

Triunpin$h, C-imbridgc. N M-Y*~. H-. i s*ub*i*a *mu.. - = b ~ ~ r t h . T ~ i i i l i ~ . F. R . . SS- ~ . ~ ~ h ~ ~ .

xs%.tz. X<,*r.hlm, Cambs. T ~ l d d i ~ i ~ ~ . m a . D.M., L-rmdar [email protected]*, ~ k . x.s., srVFn ~ . . ~ h . ~ .

Canon Road, Bourns. Cambs. T M i l Z X.M.. Ro5Emriy cotlas=.

Hildrrsh-. Clmb..

c u t m Road. Bourn.. Cambr . T hythian. C., Salwq. DrT D r a p n , C m b s .

? Mi,,*r. K. H. , 5 Bournrbri*.. ..ad. Litil. Dx. L.E.R.. oizoo'oay. *bullion. C ~ a b a

Cambridga.

T Millcr. Mrs. K."., 5 Bournrbrid.s R0.d. = P'ck'=a. R B . . ' q Lwdaads Lit,,. *binPo". Cambs.

Cambridge. T =.att, Dr. C . D., OrrFlon... &.,,on,

N Milshrill Mi#. J . R . . 65 Mmtagan Road. Cambs. Cambridae. T Polark. 0.. Llb Sf.Edrar*'. P1..11..

T Monk. Mism 5.3.. M r l m Coilege. Cambridgs. Cambridgr. I Prnl. K.G.. 83 N- Park. March. Cmmb..

T Monielioro. M r s . E., Spllngfield. S ldv i i i N PrEsca(t. M r s . J.Y., l i E m m u l v ~ l R o d , i i rnuc. Cambrid$&. Cainbridgr.

T Moore. Mr.. 7 . . 17 Chostenon Hail T Prim.. Dr. C . T., Th. Cbe(ibu2.. h r l s i g h Crescent. Cambridgs. Common. Woriinghm. Sul2ry.

T M ~ ~ ~ ~ . D ~ . N . w . , me arm H O U * ~ . I..l"c..SI Cambr .

T N Pryor. Dr.M.G.M.. L O Chivrer Road. Cambridgl.

N Morr i s . M.G., Natuie Cons.lvulry, Monk's T R ~ . . xrl. M.G.M.. IO Oi-urcr Road. Worn& hlp.iment., sLlflm. HunrimBao".

T M..*is. Mrs. P., ' W i i k r n , , illndal Road. carnbzi.3.. .

N Qusiiirg. MISS C.E.. Offki l l Sard TLstinl Consfulti% CsPstom. S . A . StltiDn, Hunluigden mad. Csmbridee.

T Mael.Mrs. R. . r i i ldHo~rt ,Fulhmm. T Ila;rs. Mrs. J.M.. Mol t Hou8a Fan". CarnbS.

T Matt. CF.. i D Sodlsy Taylar Road. Kingslo". Cnmbr.

N Ravm. cuen C.E.. LO M . d h b e r * a d , -bridge.

T Moub. P., I h * BungaloY. ,A- R r m . Crmbr>dg*.

1 Reed. D;. M . 0 . P., I SL.Eiigiul PLara. E L S W ~ ~ ~ ~ . c s m b s . oimaiiaer.

N ~ u ~ a y , ~ i r r A . R . . NIV -11. C-bridgr T R*.~. mar H . E . , I ~ ~ ~ ~ ! ~ i ~ h R O ~ . N NOrn. A. E. MI. 61 HarlC~rd S f l ~ ~ f .

C-b.l*g.. i n n d m N.,.

T Nathan, Miss P . M . . 10 Storling Sfrest. T Remu., 8 . . ib B u r r m m o o l R o d . M s r r h .

b n d o n S. W.7. Cambr.

N Bdd. KG.. 41 GZulgo RWd, C.mbridge. T Rria. R.G.. BIDDL Hones, U f t l E Enrsden.

U m b s . T R ~ i a . M r s . R.O. . Bmok House. Liele

E u e i ~ d e n ~ Cambe. N Rhodrm. MLSS G . M . . Hll&xehmm Hall.

Cmrnb.. N Ribband., DX. C.R.. School of A S Z I N ~ ~ O I I ,

Cambiidgs. r Richlid.. MI*. J . E . . 6 Jd7boit Bold.

h n w i c l , March, Cnnrbs. T RLagran. I-.*.. 34, Cb.rni Hinton RW&.

camanase. N Kil&is, 0 .8 . . 259 EiLh Read. Cambridge. T R.bena. Mi.. J.*., 9 J..". -o,

Cmbridg.. N Roberts. M.V.B.. Dew. sf Z O ~ l O ~ Y ~

Clmbridsr. T I lobbon. M . A . . w..t.n. Cir.lt Eys?.d~n.

Camba. T Robins.". Mrs . M.*.. wes*n. Cr-t

Ew.ldan, Clrnb.. N Robson. E.A.. 1 - . R o d . C-bridge. T B0ddi., K .M. . O& HI,,. I-it lr *binston.

Camb. T N RonX. D=_A.J., I Grange Road. Cambridg.. 1 Rose. W.B., 1 SL.PDf.ra. Road. M ~ r ~ h .

Clrnbli. T RDS*... Mr.. R., 16 la&= Road,

Cambitdao, N Pothsrsm. M i l e S.M.. Dapt. of Z o o l ~ ~ ,

Clmbrid&... N Rove, DI.1.. Th. F W o , W r b y n . Hoes. N R-el l . k. C. li. f .. Dapt. of Z o o b g ) ,

C.mhridgr. N %ub.ic*. M . I . 6 . . Srdg-isk Mus-um,

Cambriag.. 1 Rub, %I.. Berry Colllge. Willingham,

Cambs. T R d s , Mr. . B.I., B8.w CPtllsal

W3llinghr.n. Cmmbs. N R".Sdl, M i s s E . M . , Gin- Co,,..qc.

Cambridge. N St. lo.eph, D r . > . K.. Sclwyn College.

Cambridge. N Salt. Dr.=. . Dlpt. of Zoology, Camhridgs. N salt, MI.. J.. . or."#. COU*, OrMs.

Road. Cmmbridgo. T &LLar. Mr.. 1.. 69 bfarey'a WW.

h b r i d $ e . T N Saten. MISS M.. Cnnrbs. High School for

G i A T , h l xaa.5, CMblldSe. T Suldiord. C. . I 0 West Soad. C.mlinpsy,

Clrnb.. 21 Sendillon. A.. 3 South R I L HU Rold.

s, cro*. SWrr,.. N S d . 7 . ME*. Y.O.. 6 Arch. Bottlebun,

Urnb.. N Schicka.. Mr.. M.H.. 64 %reyes way.

Cambridge. T W Ssll. P. D.. So-y 6ch001. Cnnrbr*.. T Smali. C I.. 2 9 J h Sfrart, h b > i d g a . T N S e P e u i Smrll. Lt. C0I.R. B.. Dept. d

Zoalagh Clmbridgr. W Sblpbn, P.J.. 4 XI118 R o d . Cambridge. N Shiro. J. C-M., X"8" Cailege. Uimbiid$e. T Shrive, Mias E . M . . 11 G i l b s n Rosa,

Clmblidge. T Skcllp. R.. SFhoai House. Lang Furlong.

wer, Carnb.. T Sm.i,oy. Mrs. F.M. Trees, unic

ShtUord. Csmb.. T N Y . e t . D..I.. Dew. Of zoo,ow.

Cnibridge. N Smlrt. M.8. I.. Molteno inanma.

Clmbridg*. T Smith. M i B I E., 114 Mi" Road. C-bridaa. N Smith. Miss E . M . , la High Orean, Orrat

%.,fordl Comb.. N Smith, Miom E.M.. 5 1 hss t~r tm RP-d.

Clmbiidgr;. N hniih, Praf*ss.r Z.E., 181 Huntingdar

Bead. Cmmbr,dg~. T SmLth. N . B . . 99 Ilus(idl Strret. Cunbridgl. N smith. or. r. . DW. zoology. camb,idg.. T SmiVii*a, MS.. N.S.. 16, HuminBdDn Read,

Csnbridg.. N Sm0ut.Mi.m E . W . . I t h r d Road.

Cambridge. T N Sadsn. M r s . 0.G.. 10% Qe.te*n Rosa.

Cnnrbildge. N h i h v r l l . H., 85 Km g m - y . MYeenkll .

su,ialL. N SOUthWaII, MI.. H . , 8% ShPSWaY, MLldanhlll.

SmwOlX.

N SPl.zka. B. W., School ol MoFaehy. Carnbridga.

N Swrks. I'. W . , I t 4 =*.en Road. C M b r W a . N Sp-a~sr-B~~th. Mi.. Y.. I29 b c Road.

CMbrldle . T N Smme. Dr. X.R.. 64 MilYVl Road.

carnbridg.. T SPbung, M r s . C . , Whyto CoNge, High

StraeC Uuton. Umb.. T Spxing, F. W.. Wh* Callsge, High Straef,

cutan. Cambli. T Sering. Mil . P.. Whyto coma.*, H5.b

strar,, cueon. Cambs. T N SLLnisr. Dr .M.W. . "embun Callsge,

"--!.-,A"- " ..-*.. N Stmy.irn, Mi.. H. . Gc.rg. &DrasQn,

LyM Road. ElY. Carnbs. T ata.,., Miss P.. PSm..Ith "all. Papvortb

sysrara. Cnnrb.. T Stlola. B. C.. 150 Girtsu Road.

0irLon. Urnbiutl.. T Stl;sxw. Rofe . lor J . A . , 23 Cranmer R o d .

Cambridge. T Sksff. C.I .E. . FLend~h. Hau*.. Nlbrun.

Camb.. T S-B. Mrr. C .J .E . , Flmdyshs Housm,

FulDoum. CmmDI. T Stourae. MI.. Y . M . , I 0 Hiah S b ~ ~ i ,

COt(enkrn, C.rnb.. T Stirland. hll.. J . E . , 8 Rllbrookr A-ad.

Cnmbridge. T .wenebridga, Miss ".I.. I8 BWh Cllrre,

C.inb.itrn. Clmb.. T N Seroy , W . H . . 26s Millu18(on Road.

Clmbridgo. T Stiipp. A,. The 0,s Girm. Linton, Cambs. 1 Sllipp. M?.. A,. Ih. Old Orean. Union.

Cmmbs. N * .ym. Dr.X. lr .G. . Whlt.h.rn. o.==t

Wiibrabam. Camb.. T Sh.bbings. D . L . . 60 Fi l ledis ld. Combrfdge. T StYrge... I.6, Oravmlbor.t. Ste.Pb Mnrdc.,

8oprtm. Hsn . . T Sum"... R... Fr. L.. 9t.Frn.i. X0U.F.

LadY Marga..t Road. Clmb.ldgll. 1 Mrs . H.. * "asator* R0.d.

Cambr'das. T 9wiil .Mrs. B . M . , 3 Old Mlil Cbss.

8.rringlon. Umb.. N Smmd., B.".. I1 Blh.. orovr, Umbrldg.. T N Tat., Dr. P.. Molisno InStiNL., C*mbridBs. N T%yloz.Misl 6 . L . I4 Bentley Rrad .

CLmbiidga. T Tarereham. T.F.. 18 Aillrid.. Slsstan.

Cmmbs. N ThlcLrr, J.. I 6 Thornton CLoSa, Oirton.

Cambs. N TkirXsI1-Smnh. M i s s A, . 69 B u b n Road.

Clmbrider. T Thoby. P.R.. H e n s . hatitetc ot

A8riruitur~. O1kiandm. Sf.*ibms, RarIe. N Tb.dl~. Profe..or i. M., D.?' of C.u).tic.,

Cambridge. T Thompson. G. B.. 56 B*aumom Rosa.

Cambridsc. T N Tkarpl, Dr. W.H. , 4 Wllberforca Boa*,

Csmbridgr. T N Tkarp.. M r s . W.H. , 9 WilberCorce Rosa.

Csmbiidp. T Thynne. M i a s F., 'Marninsfan'. Hss1h#fii1d

Road, Bartan, Cambs. T Tillyrd. Mrs . P.8, 4b ibMilinm Road,

Cambridge. T N Tel i s r , i .R . , I6 Ihorntvn C1~.c.Umbridg~. T N loltshm. R.V.G.E.. 39 E1tisi.y Avenue,

Cambridge. T T-niry. C . E.. Fulbourn Mmnor, Cnmb.. N Trehrrns, I . E . . DWt. of Zaolo~.Camb~idlr. T Trsip. C . S . . Zl 0."iatWe Road. C m b i i d g c . N T.ib.. Dr.=. , 5.h.al .I *gri.",l".r,

Camb*ld$e. T T r i n i V Csiiege. Cambridg.. T Tuffs. Mrs . H.R., 3 Casr b e . Jtreamm,

EL?, Cambl. " T-amar., B. G.. X I . W i d Ho"... Road, G i ~ l t Bookham. Surrey.

N Tumsr, M i s s J . . I I RDEL X O ~ . Umllrldp~. T N Turner, co,. R.O.. 12. Ml.5inglcr Rosa.

Cambiidge. T N Tutin. Mlss J .E. . Dovrlrh Housa. Cradlm.

R o d . Suafiham Prior, Crml.. T Yaughan, D r . R . . LXnb N r m b s m , -lib.

h.. C.mbz<dg.. T Vernon. M i s s N.C., I I I Wi-Derh Road,

March. Cambs. N Y b . "%. B.G. C.. 5 1 Roseford Road,

C.mbridgr. N Vinc-l. l.. RosariO. Hith Sircat. Faeon.

cambs: T N vine. *.E.. 80, "LctDria Sth.,. L%"l.part.

Ely. Clrnb.. T wai.5.. W. L.. c o w t y Planning D.*. ,

Shire H d l , C . n b r l g s . T W.lliX.I, B., Mrdulglry Turn, H-*ulgdm

P.old, Oilto". C r n b l . T V.laton, 7%- laid.. Nerron "&I,. Newts.,,

Camb.. I Wailfan. Th. h a y . N.W,on Hall, N p t o n .

Cambe. T WaItcrs, M.. I Brork#ii ... Cambrids . T w.,iers P. I B.aokaidi. Cambi**s.. T N wattrra: D~:s.M., i Brootsids. Cambrid.r. N WrlfErs. Mrs . S.M., 3 BrooXsidc.CamDridze. T WlnXlym, Miss C.R.. 7 0 r - t h r s t e i Road.

Umb.idee. T warne. *. C.. Conifera, %tie i b b g t s n ,

Camb.. T Warner. C.E.B. P.. Summer Hlii. laiworth.

c~inbs. T W**rhorn. Mi.. E.. B Lil.. court. Cherry

H h l m R a d . Clmbri6ze. T N Mrs. D. M.. ,*re< Pl*k 'A", ur,

Cnmbridgr. T N watt. Dr.A.S.. I 8 \lilt"" Road, can.bri*ge. T N Mrl. A . 5 . . °8 Miltan Road. C.mbridgc. T Wan, M r s . K . M . , M a e , Orang-, Ashurll,

Baldork, Hertl T ".y. I . M.. Flat 4. 10 Blunawirt WILL,

Clmbiidgc. T W ~ F - . Mrs . 8.1.. DlrthiilR0u.e. March.

U m b s . 1 WIlnb.ir. M c s M . . 14Dl%tsn FXsLdo.

Cembridsm. N Weilulgfon, Dr.P.J.. N . L A . 8 . . H w i b a d m

n.ari. c a m b i a s . N weitmslon. M%=. R . N . , 32 str-fron iirr.,

Cambridgr. N w.,,.. or.>. M.. D.*. of Zooi.gy,Cambridgc. N WClf. Dr.R.G., B O ~ M S E ~ D O I , Cambiidgs. N yllsfl y. Miss i . D . . I I :i.E?ainebr= Road.

Cmmbridga.

1 WbilbY, h . > . O . . 5" Fo- tabb l i l *.a*. Edbb".#h.

T Whitby. Mrs. L.G.. 5 1 F ~ w t % i O h a l i RoLd. E*ulb"~gh.

T Whim F.P. I 6 Madm81~y Rnad. Cambridge. T ~ h i i e : M ~ . . ~ . P . . 16 Mldinglry Road.

Cambridee. T N Wbitehnum., Dr .X.L.K. . L Mii lbg ton Road.

Clmbridgl. N Wbiteh."a., Mrs. H.L.X., I Mi l ibgfan Rod.

cunbridgr T Whit.housc, R.N.H.. UIdL M e = .

W h i ti,.. iard. Camb.. T WbifahDuss. M n . R.N.H.. h * I I h d g s ,

Whiff i .~i . ld. Camb..

N W k r d , D.. $1 CirMtrh~at.~ Msldms. Cambridg..

T N W i & ~ i " ~ o r l h , Plofcnsor Y.B.. T b s Chimney Hoass. U-nham. SufIo,*.

T W l i b y . Mine Z . M . , 18 Adam* R o d . i smbr idgr .

N will,nm., M i s s P . R . , 7 H i g h f , a , d * ~ u r , C a b i i d g e .

T N Will i ima MI*. S.O.. IS0 M I I Y ~ ~ ~ ~ l d , cam<*vse .

W Wilianer. Mra . M . J . . 213 Chssterbn &ad. Cambridge.

N Wilson. Mrs . L.S.. 56 Gisoge Road. Cambiiiig=.

T wL,.an. 1.5.. ill Cilbar, Road, Cambridge. T Wiieon. Mrs. J.S.. 54 Gilbert Read.

C%mbiids'. .r W W E Y . J. H.. I2 "'CLOI~I ROIII. Cambridge. T WWey. MI.. I. H.. Z2 Y i c i o ~ i a Raad.

C-biidgs. T Wlibiencroic. Ylae E.A.. I Tbomlon Aosd.

Glr(on, '.rnb.. T Wood, G.. COw2y P U m b s Dew. . Shlr. =It.

Cambridg.. T N Woodioid.J.A.T.. 19 Cheersrra Road.

cnmbiids*. N Woelfall. S.R.. No., Onicsrw Me.., R.A.F.

OaXhgmn, Camb.. T Woomrm. T.N.M.. VIS R&nch*r.GrasnRnd.

C.mb*rton. Urnb.. N Wligliy. Mr.. F.. Boany S~hool . C-bridg~, T N Yso. Dr. P. T., B o ( ~ i r Garden. CamDlillgm. T Z ~ M . Mrs. R.. BraoX Cottape. Ths Ors=n,

Histo". Cnmbs.

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WAYSIDE & WOODLAND BLOSSOMS. In Three Volumes Revised by R. A. Blakelock, thir new edition has been brought up to date. Profusely illustrated in magnificent colour thir three volume work giver detaiied information about ail the great

F. 5. Russell and C. M. Yonge

d throughout. 30s. net.

LIFE OF THE WAYSIDE AND WOODLAND by T. R. E. Southwood A splendid guide t o animal and plant life in our countryside, wi th generous and varied illurtrationr. 30s. net.

Frederick Warne & Co. Ltd.

Parr of our exrmrive service l o Biologisls

For inrectr and

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F L A T T E R S A N D G A R N E T T L T D . 309 Oxford Road, Manchester 13.

Established 1901

Why the Trust has been formed

The countryside is changing rapidly before our eyes. Same change is, of course, inevitable; hut nearly all the alteration is tending towards a loss of variety, interest and beauty, and the destruction of areas still in a natural and semi-natural state. There is a very urgent need for a local organisation to take action, before it is too late, to safeguard what remains, and to encourage the intelligent conservation of nature.

Aims of the Trust

T o record and study the chief places of natural history interest in Cambridgeshire and the Isle of Ely. This interest is not confined to botany and zoology, but should include geology, archaeology and local history.

T o protect these places if they are threatened

T o acquire and administer any such place as a Local Nature Reserve, if this action is the most appropriate method for conversation.

T o co-operate with other local and national bodies with interests in natural history and nature conservation.

T o encourage interest and understanding for an intelligent policy of nature conservation, which should not run counter to the best interests of agriculture, forestry, sport, and other rural indusmes and occupations.

Membership

Minimum subscription: Ordinary El p.a., Life L20. Clrildren and Students lo/-. Full particulars may be obtained from the Hon. Sec., 1 Brookside, Cambridge.

FOR THE ENTOMOLOGIST

Apparatus, Books, Cabinets.

Price lists of the above are issued from time to time, so if you would like to receive regular issues please send me a postcard

stating your interests ' L; CHRISTIE

137 Gleneldon Road, Streatham, London, S.W.16, England (Postal business only)

Oficial agent for publications of the Amateur Entomologist's Society

c. nature cambridgeshire

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