apa style documentation welcome to cm 107 unit 4 seminar
TRANSCRIPT
APA STYLE DOCUMENTATION
Welcome to CM 107 Unit 4 Seminar
REQUIRED READING: YOU WILL NEED TO READ THE ARTICLE ABOUT PHILIP GLASS AND THE NEW REPUBLIC. TO ACCESS THE ARTICLE, CLICK READINGS, THEN CLICK SCENARIO.COMPLETE THE UNIT 4 DISCUSSION BASED ON THE GLASS ARTICLEATTEND SEMINAR OR COMPLETE THE OPTION 2 ASSIGNMENT
Unit 4 Requirements
FIRST…PLAGIARISM
APA Documentation
What is plagiarism?
Derived from the Latin word plagiarius (“kidnapper”), plagiarism refers to a form of cheating that has been defined as “the false assumption of authorship; the wrongful act of taking the product of another person’s mind, and presenting it as one’s own” (Alexander Lindey, Plagiarism and Originality, 1952).
Taken from the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, 6th ed. (2003, p. 66)
How do I avoid plagiarism?
Provide quotation marks, in-text citations (name, year, page number or paragraph #), and reference page citations for direct quotes.
Provide in-text citations (name, year) and reference page citations for paraphrases and summaries.
Use signal phrases to introduce quotes and paraphrases.
Use your own writing style for paraphrases and summaries—do not use the style, order of ideas, or specific language of the source material!
Cite anything that is not common knowledge.Make sure that you have in-text citations for all
sources listed on your reference page and vice-versa!
Why do I want to use sources?
Sources can1. support our own reasoning and logic with expert
opinion2. add credibility to an idea3. provide additional informationSources cannot1. be the entire essay2. string together to create entire paragraphsAbove all, do not use a series of paraphrases and
quotations as your whole paragraph. Paragraphs are not compilations of sources; we are writing original work, not repeating our sources’ ideas only.
CITING, PARAPHRASING AND QUOTING
NOW. . .
Common knowledge
How do I decide what I need to cite in my paper?
Is this information that most people would know?
Is this information that would be known by those outside of a particular field?
Is the information readily available in general reference sources like encyclopedias?
If the answer to all three is “Yes,” then you don’t need a citation.
For more details, go to http://library.csusm.edu/plagiarism/howtoavoid/how_avoid_common.htm
What is common knowledge?
Which of the following would NOT need a citation?
There are 5,283 hospice programs in the United States.
The critic Stephen Greenblatt argues that the religious conflicts of his period, especially those that occurred during his youth, had an effect on Shakespeare's work.
The freezing point of water is 32 degrees Fahrenheit or 0 degrees Centigrade.
The teen pregnancy rate declined by two percent between 1999 and 2000.
Borrowed information
“Borrowed information” must always be cited, whether it is paraphrased in your own words or directly quoted.
Always provide citations for numbers!
This includes dates, numbers, percentages, dollar values, statistics. Citation is at the end of the sentence. In 2001, there were 50 million cases of
the flu (Green, 2004). Quotes – word for word –end of
sentence or within the text “All papers must be in APA manuscript
style,” stated Levine (2004, p. 12). Levine (2004) stated, “All papers must
be in APA manuscript style” (p. 12). Paraphrases- end of paragraph if only
one source is cited. Mrs. Horninger says we must follow
standard APA manuscript style to accurately give credit to author’s whose writing we borrow (2004).
In-text (parenthetical) citations
Require three pieces of information: Author’s last name Year Page number (for direct quotes)
(Thompson, 2007, p. 345)(Thompson, 2007)According to Thompson (2007), “50 percent of the population
have computers” (p. 345).
Remember, if you don’t have an author’s name, use the title, and if you don’t have a date, use “n.d.” If you are quoting a web site with no pages, use a paragraph#.
According to “The Growth of Cyberspace,” “50 percent of the population have computers” (n.d., para. 5).
Question: What are paraphrasing and quoting and how do they compare and contrast?
Paraphrasing is putting a source’s ideas in your own words and sentence structure. The idea still belongs to someone else, but you have expressed it in your own writing voice. This is useful because the style remains more constant throughout the essay with paraphrasing than frequent quoting.
Quoting is using the exact words, enclosed in quotation marks, of the source.
Paraphrasing uses your own words, quoting uses the source’s words, but both provide source support and require APA citation to give credit to sources.
How can I avoid plagiarism when I paraphrase?
Ask questions as you read: Be a critical reader!When you take notes, DO NOT use the language of
the source—write notes in your own words and list sources!
Ask yourself what you need to include and exclude in your paraphrase.
Write the main idea of the passage in your own words without looking at the quote.
The paraphrase should use your own style and language. Do not merely substitute a few synonyms. The order of ideas should also be different, especially if the source contains lists.
Include the author’s name in a signal phrase.
When to quote
Language is distinctiveTough to paraphrase in your own wordsImportant as authoritative support for your
argumentReader needs to see the original because the
quote itself is open to interpretationBe sure not to over-quote! The primary voice
in the paper should be your own
How to quote
Be accurate!-check and recheck spelling, grammar, and word
placement. -don’t let your spellchecker change a peculiar
spelling in the quote (i.e. British spellings of colour, flavour, etc.)
Don’t EVER use quotes as a thesis statement or a topic sentence
Do use quotes as evidence to support an argument you have constructed
Integrate your chosen quotes into YOUR writing (signal phrases—don’t leave quotes “hanging”).
Cite religiously!
Quote examples
Martha Saxton’s assertion that Louisa May Alcott Alcott wrote Little Women without “rewriting or rethinking a word” contributes to the continued aesthetic devaluation of the novel and its creator (2004, p. 295).
Susan Warner’s The Wide, Wide World ironizes the situation of women in the nineteenth century, for as Jane Tompkins reminds us, “sentimental heroines rarely get beyond the confines of a private space,” much less traverse the “wide world” (1987, p. 150).
OriginalOriginal PlagiarizedPlagiarized
Polls confirm that these World War II-era children have aged into the most war-and casualty-averse Americans, the most ardent supporters of the UN, and the biggest advocates of committee-scripted process.
This passage comes from Howe & Strauss, 2002, p.
31.
Statistics demonstrate that these World War II-era children have matured into the most battle and victim-averse American citizens, the most enthusiastic defenders of the United Nations, and the largest supporters of bureaucratic process (Howe & Strauss, 2002).
Paraphrase example
Appropriate paraphrase
Why is this paraphrase better than the one on the previous slide?
What differences do you notice between the two?
The generation now in the their 60s and 70s remember World War II from their childhoods; therefore, they are violently against war and the casualties it inflicts. They believe in the power of the United Nations and other bureaucracies to solve world conflict (Howe & Strauss, 2002).
Further resources on paraphrasing
The following are web sites which will give you more details on plagiarism and paraphrasing:
The Purdue University Owl Writing Lab (my personal favorite!)
The Kaplan Writing Center
What is APA?
• American Psychological Association: Standard for writing that is widely used by writers in the social sciences, education, business and psychology.
Why cite sources?
Enhance credibility Provide proper credit to your sourcesGive reader necessary information to find
sources and do further research
Document formatting
• Title page: include title of project, author, institution, course, instructor, and due date
• Double-space and center information on title page• Include header and page number in top header.
Title has all letters capitalized and is flush with left margin. Page number is flush with right corner. Use “Running head:” on title page only.
• Document should be in 12 pt. font, double-spaced, header/page number on each page, first line of each paragraph indented one tab space.
• Center title on first line of page 2. Only capitalize important words. Title may be two lines long.
Document formatting
Running head: ROLL THE CREDITS 1
Roll the Credits:
Understanding and Avoiding Plagiarism
Maggie Durham
Kaplan University
CM 220-03
Professor Smith
November 10, 2009
• Header: Title and page number in upper right-hand corner of each page
• Running head (optional) on the left
• Center project, author, and course information in two sections of the page. Double-space.
• See guidelines for formatting document in the APA folder of Doc Sharing and in the Kaplan Writing Center.
Reference page formatting
Start on a new page, titled References, centered in upper- and lowercase letters.
Include a page header and page number.Alphabetize by author’s last name.Double-space throughout.Use a hanging indent (1st line of each entry
flush left, indent subsequent lines 5 spaces).Match with in-text citations.Italicize titles of books and periodicals
Reference page formatting•Start on new page.
•Use hanging indents.
•Double-space throughout.
•Alphabetize by author’s last name (use corporation name or article title if no author is available).
•End with database or URL for library sources and web sites.
ROLL THE CREDITS 5
References
About APA style. (2006). Retrieved from
http://www.apastyle.org/aboutstyle.html.
Landau, J., Druen, P., & Arcuri, J. (2002). Methods for helping students
avoid plagiarism. Teaching of Psychology, 29(2), 112-115. Retrieved
from Academic Search Premier.
Segal, C. (2006). Copy this. Chronicle of Higher Education, 53(4), 54-54.
Retrieved from Professional Development Collection.
What you need to know about plagiarism. (2006). Retrieved from Kaplan
University:
http://kucampus.kaplan.edu/DocumentStore/kupdocs/pdf/DocsForms/
ku_plagiarism.pdf
.
Villano, M. (2006). Taking the work out of homework. T H E Journal,
33(15), 24-30. Retrieved from Professional Development Collection.
Common source types
BooksJournal articlesMagazine articlesNewspaper articlesWeb sitesInterviewsSpeeches
Remember, each source has a specific formatting style!
Books with one author
Maslow, A.H. (1974). Toward a psychology of
being. Princeton: Van Nostrand.
Author. (Publication year). Title. City of
publication: publishing company.
Journal article
Miller, W. (1969). Violent crimes in city gangs.
Journal of Social Issues, 21(10), 1-28.
Author. (year of publication). Title of article.
Journal name, volume #(issue #), page
number(s).
Remember…
You will need to look up how to cite each type of source, so use the Writing Center or find a guide which you feel comfortable with.
If you need help or have questions, don’t hesitate to ask! Plagiarism is a very serious offense. Don’t get caught up in it!
Thank you for being with us today!