seven (7) things you need to know: apa documentation

Research Paper Writing

SEVEN THINGS YOU NEED TO KNOW

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Notice

• This is an introduction to attribution skills in academic research writing.

• For more information, search this phrase online:

APA cheatsheet

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Contents The Ethics of Borrowing

Seven things You Need to Know

1. The Quote

2. The Paraphrase

3. The Citation

4. The List of References

5. The Hidden Codes

6. How to Use What You Learned

7. Non-Original & Borrowed Ideas

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THE ETHICS OF BORROWING INTRODUCTION

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Borrowing Things

• Ask permission.

• Borrowing without permission = dishonest

• Return what is borrowed.

• Borrowing without returning = stealing

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Borrowing Ideas • Ask permission. If you cannot ask permission:

– State where the idea comes from (citation)

– State where the source can be found (reference)

• Borrowing without permission = dishonest

• Return what is borrowed. If you cannot return what is borrowed:

– Show respect to the source (citation)

– Show readers how to find the source (reference)

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THE ETHICS OF BORROWING TEST YOURSELF

QUIZ

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FOR MOUSE CONTROLLERS

• These slides are on automatic.

• Do not click unless you see a blue button below each slide.

THE QUOTE

USING THE SAME WORDS AND/OR THE SAME ARRANGEMENT OF WORDS

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What is a Quote?

A quote is a copy of the same words and the same arrangement of words of a source.

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WHEN YOU QUOTE:

• Don’t change the words

• Don’t change the order of words

• Don’t add or remove ideas

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WHEN YOU SHORTEN A QUOTE:

• If you delete words to shorten a quote, make sure that meaning is not changed

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Rules

Place the quote inside quote marks “…”

Any borrowed ideas without quote marks “…” is understood to be a paraphrase.

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Rules

What about a borrowed idea without quote marks “…” but is not a paraphrase?

That’s plagiarism, which means an F grade.

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Rules

State the source of the quote: cite the source

Use a citation

Each citation should have a reference

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TWO (2) CITATION FORMATS

HALF-IN: Author outside, date inside

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ALL-IN: Name + comma + date inside

Dubryk (2010)

(Dubryk, 2010)

INSIDE = inside the parentheses

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CITATION TYPE 1: Before a Quote

Half-in – According to: Comma before sourced idea

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Half-in – says that: No comma before sourced idea

According to Authorname (1911), quote

Authorname (1911) says that quote

SAY THAT = explain that, insist that, write that; explains this idea saying that; details this idea saying that NEXT SLIDE

CITATION TYPE 1: EXAMPLE


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Half-in – say that: No comma before sourced idea*

According to Jon (1911), “India can be a wonderful place for a winter vacation.”

Jon (1911) says that “India can be a

wonderful place for a winter vacation.”

Exception: When inserting an appositive such as , sometimes, NEXT SLIDE

CITATION TYPE 2: After a Quote

Half-in – Comma before “say”

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All-in – No comma before citation

quote, says Authorname (DATE).

quote (Authorname, DATE).

The citation is a part of the sentence. It comes before the end-punctuation, which can be a period (.), a question mark (?), or an exclamation mark (!). NEXT SLIDE


Half-in – Use a comma with “say”

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All-in – No comma before all-in citation

“India can be a wonderful place for a winter vacation,” says Jon (1911).

“India can be a wonderful place for a

winter vacation” (Jon,1911).

The citation is a part of the sentence so it is placed before the end-punctuation.

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Hidden Code

An ellipsis (three dots ) … indicate deleted words (to shorten a quote) but the idea is still complete.

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ELLIPSIS: EXAMPLE


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All-in – No comma before all-in citation

“India can be ... wonderful ... for a winter vacation,” says Jon (1911).

If we are planning a vacation this winter,

“India can be ... wonderful” (Jon,1911).


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Hidden Code

A full-stop (one dot) . Can mean:

• That one idea is complete.

• That another idea is coming next.

• That one sentence is ended.

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Hidden Code

Four dots .... mean that

• Some words were deleted = ...

• It’s the end of a complete idea = .

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ENDING ELLIPSIS: EXAMPLE

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If we plan to go this winter,

Jon (1911) says that “India

can be ... wonderful ....”

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Use Ellipsis to...

• ... shorten a quote

• ... remove unnecessary words

• ... focus on important ideas

Note: The original meaning should remain the same in the shortened version.

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Example #1

Can be shortened like this:

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Sometimes, “... life in Malaysia was not only difficult but also dangerous,” says Buruhanudeen (1997).

“There were times in the past when life in Malaysia was not only difficult but also dangerous” (Buruhanudeen, 1997).

Example #2

Can be shortened like this:

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Aside from being difficult, “... life in Malaysia was ... also dangerous” sometimes (Buruhanudeen, 1997).


THE PARAPHRASE

A BORROWED IDEA

COMPLETE IDEA, ACCURATE IDEA

USING DIFFERENT WORDS

USING DIFFERENT ARRANGEMENT OF WORDS

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What is a Paraphrase?

The exact and complete idea of a source, but using different words and different arrangement of words.

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Rules

No quote marks

State the source

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CITATION TYPE 1: Before a Paraphrase


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Half-in – says that: No comma before sourced idea

According to Authorname (1911), paraphrase

Authorname (1911) says that paraphrase

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Half-in – say that: No comma before sourced idea*

According to Jon (1911), our November-

December holiday might be best in India.

Jon (1911) says that a November-December

holiday might be best spent in India.

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CITATION TYPE 2: After a Paraphrase

Half-in – Comma before “say”

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paraphrase, says Authorname (DATE).

paraphrase (Authorname, DATE).

The citation is a part of the sentence. It comes before the end-punctuation, which can be a period (.), a question mark (?), or an exclamation mark (!). NEXT SLIDE

CITATION TYPE 2: AFTER


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A December holiday might be best spent in India, says Jon (1911).

An end-year holiday might very

enjoyable in India (Jon,1911).


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THE CITATION SHOW WHERE A SOURCED IDEA COMES FROM

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Definition

• Shows the source of a borrowed idea

• Inside open & close parentheses ( )

• A comma , separates the name from the year of publication

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(Jon, 1911)

Rules

• Each borrowed idea should have a citation

• Use author last name only in the citation

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There were times in the past when life in Malaysia was not only difficult but also dangerous (Buruhanudeen, 1997).

Rules

• The full stop is after the close parenthesis.

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There were times in the past when life in Malaysia was not only difficult but also dangerous (Buruhanudeen, 1997).

No Author

• If there is no author, use the group, company or organization name

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(Albukhary Foundation, 1992)

No Author At All

• If there is no company or organization name, use Anon. which means anonymous.

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(Anon., 1992)

Punctuation

• A comma separates the author and the date

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(Anon., 1992)

Key to List of References

• Each citation should have a year

• If there is no year, use n. d. which means no date.

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(Buruhanudeen, n. d.)

Since the original two words are separated by a space, the abbreviation is also separated by a space.

Contents The citation is a short version of the reference.

• Citation

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(Buruhanudeen, 2002) •Reference

Buruhanudeen, S. F., (2002). My Secret Life. Alor Setar: AiU Press. Online at www.faris.com

AND HIDDEN CODES : IN-TEXT CITATIONS

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Code: One Author

• A comma separates the author and the date

(Anon., 1992)

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Code: Many Authors

• A comma separates many authors of one document.

(Cruz, Abu, and Montri, 1992)

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Code: Many Authors (2)

• The last name is preceded by “and”.

(Cruz and Abu, 1992)

(Cruz, Abu, and Montri, 1992)

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ET AL. HIDDEN CODES : IN-TEXT CITATIONS

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Code: Many Authors • The phrase “et alia” means “and

others”.

• This is from the Latin language of Ancient Rome.

• Latin is used only by learned men and scholars. People who never acquired formal schooling usually do not use this language.

• People who use Latin correctly are recognized as learned persons.

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Code: 3 to 5 Authors

• If there are three to five authors, use “et al.” after the first use

First use (Cruz, Abu, Montri, and Dicaprio, 1992)

Next uses (Cruz, et al., 1992)

• A full-stop is used after “al.” to show that it is an abbreviation of the word “alia”.

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Code: 6+ Authors

• If there are six or more authors, use “et al.” all the time

First use (Cruz, et al., 1992)

Next uses (Cruz, et al., 1992)

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SEMICOLON HIDDEN CODES : IN-TEXT CITATIONS

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Code: Two Documents

• Use a semicolon to separate two sources in one citation.

(Abu, 1992; and Moe Tun, 1900)

• Use “and” before the last source.

(Abu, 1992; and Moe Tun, 1900)

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Code: Many Sources & Many Authors

Use a semicolon to separate two sources in one citation. Use “and” before the last source.

(Abu and Montri, 1992; and Aly and Moe, 1900)

(Cabrera, 2013; Abu, 1992; Montri, 1901; and Moe, 2015)

(Cabrera, 2013; Abu and Montri, 1992; and Ziaa, Aly, and Moe Tun, 1900)

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One More Time...

• Two names = no comma + and

(Author1 and Author2, 1900)

• Three names = comma + and

(Author1, Author2, and Author3, 1900)

• Four or more names = comma + et al.

(Author1, et al., 1900)

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Code: The Same Source

• To cite the same source in one paragraph, use author names only with no date.


Next use, same paragraph (Cruz, et. al.)

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SEMICOLON HIDDEN CODES : IN-TEXT CITATIONS

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Code: The Same Source

To cite the same source in another paragraph, use author name + date.

Next use, new paragraph (Cruz, et al., 1992)

Next use, same paragraph (Cruz, et. al.)

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Code: Same Source, Another Page

When an idea is from a different page in the same document, use “p. #” and no date.


Different page (Cruz, et al., p. 2)

Different pages (Cruz, et al., pp. 2-5)

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A full-stop is used to show that “p” is an abbreviation of “page” and that “pp” is an abbreviation of “pages”.

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Citation VS Reference

A citation is a short version its reference:

(Buruhanudeen, et. al., 1992)

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Citation VS Reference

The reference is a complete version of the citation. All authors are listed (no “et al.”)

Buruhanudeen, F., Cruz, B., Abu, M., and Montri, J. (1992). My Secret Life. AiU Press, Malaysia. Online at www.faris.com

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TAKE A BREAK THIS IS THE MIDPOINT OF THE LECTURE

NOTICE

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SPACES & CAPITAL LETTERS PUNCTUATION: LIST OF REFERENCES

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Punctuation: Space Rule (1)

Always use a space between words to separate one word from another. If not:

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Alwaysusea spacebetween wordsto separateoneword fromanother.


Space after – comma – semicolon – colon – full stop or any end-punctuation if a sentence follows.

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Space after the full-stop of an abbreviation but no space if followed by another symbol.

Ibid. p. 2.

Ibid., pp. 20-22.

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No space before comma, semicolon, colon, full stop, question mark, exclamation, en-dash, or em-dash

Punctuation: No Space Rule (1)

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No space before a close quote mark, close parenthesis, or close bracket.


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No space after open quote mark, open parenthesis, or open bracket. However, use a space before.


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No space before a close quote mark, close parenthesis, or close bracket.


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Punctuation: Capitalization (1)

Always capitalize the first letter of a sentence.

If the title of a source uses this rule, follow the original the format.

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In titles, always capitalize the first letter of each noun, verb, adjective, and adverb. Do not capitalize prepositions and conjunctions. If the source title uses ALLCAPS, follow this rule.

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If the original title capitalizes all words including prepositions and conjunctions, follow the original format.

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Acronyms (UN, USA, UNICEF, CIA) are always all-caps.

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PARAGRAPH INDENTION FORMAT: LIST OF REFERENCES

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Code: Paragraph Indent (1)

The first line of the paragraph can use

block-indent (this is incorrect for APA list of references):

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Potter, H. P. S., bin Faris, S., bin Sulaiman, S. N., and Abu, M. (2013). “How to Write an A* Reflection Diary” in The Washington Journal, p. 32. Alor Setar: Albukhary Press. Online at www.washingtonjournal.com THE BEGINNING OF EACH LINE IS ALIGNED


The first line of the paragraph can use right-indent (this is incorrect for APA list of references)

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THE FIRST LINE BEGINS SOME SPACES FROM THE RIGHT

bin Sulaiman, S. N. (1920). “Life in AiU” in The Voice of Albukhary, Vol. 1., p. 20. Bangkok: Singha Co. Ltd. Online at www.freearticles.com


The first line of the paragraph can use hanging indent (this is correct for APA list of references)

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EXCEPT FOR THE FIRST LINE, ALL LINES BEGIN SOME SPACES FROM THE RIGHT

Abu, M., and Potter, H. P. S. (2002). “The Negative Numbers” in Basic Algebra. Harcourt Brace: New York. Online at www.aiu.edu.my

THE TITLE HIDDEN CODES: LIST OF REFERENCES

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Code: List of References (1)

•The title List of References that begins on another page is a code that means “this is formal research writing.”

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• If the writing is semi-formal, begin the list after the last paragraph of the document, even if it is on the same page.

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•The title is always centered at the top of the page.

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• If all sources are from books, the title can be Bibliography instead of List of References.

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• If all sources are from the web, the title can be Webliography.

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• If you are not sure, the title can be List of References, Reference List, or References.

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ORDER OF NAMES HIDDEN CODES: LIST OF REFERENCES

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• The list of references is arranged alphabetically.

• The surname is the basis of alphabetic arrangement.

• For this reason, the surname begins the list, not the first name.

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Alphabetical Listing (6)

The list of references is arranged alphabetically, according to author surname (family name):

Abu, Martin

Baker, Methuselah Jones

bin Faris, Syed

bin Sulaiman, Siti Nora

Cruz, Jr., Juan

Potter, Harry Paul Seymour

von Heuten, Jaeger

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Surnames (1)

• The word “surname” also means “family name.”

• The phrase “family name” means a name used by other members of the family (e.g. siblings).

• The purpose of this term is only to differentiate first name from surname.

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Surnames (2)

• Any part of a name that is not first name is considered as family name

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Lester Cruz, Jr.

Armand de la Cruz

Emeraude du Plessis

Jazira binti Ismael

Ahmad bin Usman

John Mark Hopkins

Cruz, Jr., L.

de la Cruz, A.

du Plessis, E.

binti Ismael, J.

bin Usman, A.

Hopkins, J. M.

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Code: The Comma

A comma can indicate one of two meanings:

• the names are reversed

• another author

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EXAMPLE

Martin Abu

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Western Arrangement

Comma means: reversed order

Abu, Martin

A capital letter and full stop: abbreviation

Abu, M.

EXAMPLE

Abu, M., bin Faris, S.

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A comma after that = another author

A comma after that = another author

Abu, M., bin Faris, S., Cruz, T.

Use and before the last author name

Abu, M., bin Faris, S., and Cruz, T.

AUTHOR & YEAR BASIC REFERENCE: PART 1

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Introduction (1)

One type of reference is the basic reference; this type has only four parts.

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Part 1 is author name and date. Part 2 is title of the main document. Part 3 is city published and name of publisher. Part 4 is electronic address

Introduction (1)

Each of the parts ends in a full-stop, except the electronic address.

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Potter, H. P. S., bin Faris, S., bin Sulaiman, S. N., and Abu, M. (2013). “How to Write an A* Reflection Diary” in The Washington Journal, p. 32. New York: Harcourt Brace. Online at www.washingtonjournal.com

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Part 1: Name & Date

An abbreviation is a short version.

In a reference, the author’s first name is abbreviated.

The full-stop after one capital letter means that a word is abbreviated.

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EXAMPLE

Abu, M., bin Faris, S., and Potter, H. P. S. (2002).

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Code: Many Authors

A comma between names means “another author.”

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EXAMPLE


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Code: Many Authors

Always use “and” before the last author.

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EXAMPLE

Abu, M., bin Faris, S., and Potter, H. P. S.

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EXAMPLE

bin Sulaiman, S. N., and Abu, M.

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EXAMPLE

Potter, H. P. S., bin Faris, S., bin Sulaiman, S. N., and Abu, M.

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Code: Year of Publication

Four numbers in parentheses shows the year of publication.

Use a full-stop after the close parenthesis.

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EXAMPLE (1)


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Use no comma before the open parenthesis.

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EXAMPLE (2)

bin Sulaiman, S. N., and Abu, M. (1920).

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Use a space before the open parenthesis.

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EXAMPLE (3)

Potter, H. P. S., bin Faris, S., bin Sulaiman, S. N., and Abu, M. (2013).

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MAIN DOCUMENT TITLE BASIC REFERENCE: PART 2

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Code: Source Document Title

Italics means “ this is the document title”.

Use a full-stop at the end of the title.

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EXAMPLE (1)

Abu, M., bin Faris, S., and Potter, H. P. S. (2002). Basic Algebra.

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EXAMPLE (2)

bin Sulaiman, S. N., and Abu, M. (1920). Life in AiU.

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EXAMPLE (2)

Potter, H. P. S., bin Faris, S., bin Sulaiman, S. N., and Abu, M. (2013). How to Write an A* Reflection Diary.

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Code: Source Document Title

In the manual typewriter era, italics were not possible.

Underline was used instead of italics.

You can still find this usage in old documents.

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Code: Main Document Title (1)

The title of the main document is always in italics.

A main document may be composed of other documents with different titles. Such titles are in quote marks and not italicized.

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Examples

• A book with a title may have many chapters (italics). Each chapter may have a different title (quote marks).

• A magazine has a title (italics). There are many stories in a magazine, each with different titles (quote marks).

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Code: Main Document Title

To indicate that a title is not the main title, use “in” before the main title.

Use a full-stop at the end of the main title.

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EXAMPLE 1

Abu, M., and Potter, H. P. S. (2002). “The Negative Numbers” in Basic Algebra.

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EXAMPLE 2

bin Sulaiman, S. N. (1920). “Life in AiU” in The Voice of Albukhary, Vol. 1., p. 20.

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EXAMPLE 3

Potter, H. P. S., bin Faris, S., bin Sulaiman, S. N., and Abu, M. (2013). “How to Write an A* Reflection Diary” in The Washington Journal, p. 32.

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CITY & PUBLISHER BASIC REFERENCE: PART 3

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Code: City &Publisher

The City: Publisher shows where and who published a document.

Use a colon between city and publisher.

Use a full-stop at the end.

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EXAMPLE 1

Abu, M., and Potter, H. P. S. (2002). “The Negative Numbers” in Basic Algebra. Alor Setar: Albukhary Press.

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EXAMPLE 2

bin Sulaiman, S. N. (1920). “Life in AiU” in The Voice of Albukhary, Vol. 1., p. 20. Bangkok: Singha Co. Ltd.

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EXAMPLE 3

Potter, H. P. S., bin Faris, S., bin Sulaiman, S. N., and Abu, M. (2013). “How to Write an A* Reflection Diary” in The Washington Journal, p. 32. New York: Harcourt Brace.

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ELECTRONIC ADDRESS BASIC REFERENCE: PART 4

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Online Document

The phrase “Online at” is the code for an online document.

Use no full-stop at the end.

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EXAMPLE 1

Abu, M., and Potter, H. P. S. (2002). “The Negative Numbers” in Basic Algebra. Alor Setar: Albukhary Press. Online at www.aiu.edu.my

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EXAMPLE 2

bin Sulaiman, S. N. (1920). “Life in AiU” in The Voice of Albukhary, Vol. 1., p. 20. Bangkok: Singha Co. Ltd. Online at www.freearticles.com

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EXAMPLE 3

Potter, H. P. S., bin Faris, S., bin Sulaiman, S. N., and Abu, M. (2013). “How to Write a Reflection Diary” in The Washington Journal, p. 32. New York: Harcourt Brace. Online at www.washjournal.com

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HOW TO CITE QUOTES

USE THE SAME IN-TEXT CITATION FORMAT: BORING

ALTERNATE DIFFERENT FORMATS: LESS BORING

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Citing Quotes

• The exact words are inside quote marks.

• The full-stop is after the citation.

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CITATION STYLE 1: Before Sourced Ideas

Author (DATE) says:

The original text starts with a capital letter

Use a colon

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Buruhanudeen (1997) says: “There were times in the past when life in Malaysia was not only safe but also enjoyable.”


Author (DATE) says that:

The original text starts with a small letter

Use no comma or colon

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Buruhanudeen (1997) says that “there were times in the past when life in Malaysia was not only safe but also enjoyable.”


According to Author (DATE),

The original text starts with a small letter

Use a comma

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According to Buruhanudeen (1997), “there were times in the past when life in Malaysia was not only safe but also enjoyable.”

Common Errors • Don’t use according to after the quote. • Error example:

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“There were times in the past when life in Malaysia was not only difficult but also dangerous,” according to Buruhanudeen (1997).

• Corrected: According to Buruhanudeen (1997), “there were times in the past when life in Malaysia was not only difficult but also dangerous.”.

Common Error (1) Use a comma after “author says” when the quote

begins with a capital letter • Error example:

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Buruhanudeen (1997) says “There were times in the past when life in Malaysia was not only difficult but also dangerous.”.

• Corrected: Buruhanudeen (1997) says, “There were times in the past when life in Malaysia was not only difficult but also dangerous.”.

Common Error (2) Don’t use a comma after “author says that” when

the quote starts with a small letter • Error example:

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Buruhanudeen (1997) says that, “there were times in the past when life in Malaysia was not only difficult but also dangerous.”.

• Corrected: Buruhanudeen (1997) says that “there were times in the past when life in Malaysia was not only difficult but also dangerous.”.

Common Error (3) • Use a comma after “according to author” before

a quote • Error example:

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According to Buruhanudeen (1997) “there were times in the past when life in Malaysia was not only difficult but also dangerous.”.

• Corrected: According to Buruhanudeen (1997), “there were times in the past when life in Malaysia was not only difficult but also dangerous.”.

Ellipsis: Usefulness

1. When you are required to limit the number of quoted text in your paper

2. To show your teacher that you:

•understand the idea

• can use your own words

• are fluent in English

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Citation Style #3

• Only the date is in the parenthesis.

• The date follows the author name.

• There is no comma between author and date.

According to Buruhanudeen (1997), “There were times in the past when life in Malaysia was not only difficult but also dangerous”.

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Citation Style #4



• There is no comma between author and date.

Buruhanudeen (1997) explains that “There were times in the past when life in Malaysia was not only difficult but also dangerous”.

TUTORIAL

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Citation Style #5

• Use a page number only if it is important for the reader.

Buruhanudeen (1997) explains that “There were times in the past when life in Malaysia was not only difficult but also dangerous” (p. 12).

TUTORIAL

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HOW TO USE QUOTES & CITATIONS (TWO AUTHORS)

ONE MORE

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Quote & Citation #1

• Use “and” before the last author name.

“There were times in the past when life in Malaysia was not only difficult but also dangerous” (Buruhanudeen and Ssemudu, 1997).

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Quote & Citation #2


• Use page numbers only if this is important for the reader.

“There were times in the past when life in Malaysia was not only difficult but also dangerous” says Buruhanudeen and Ssemudu (1997, pp. 3-5).

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Quote & Citation #3




According to Buruhanudeen and Ssemudu (1997), “There were times in the past when life in Malaysia was not only difficult but also dangerous.”

TUTORIAL

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QUOTES & CITATIONS: 2 AUTHORS NO NEED TO TEST YOURSELF

NO QUIZ

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NON-ORIGINAL & BORROWED IDEAS

FINALLY

TUTORIAL

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NON-ORIGINAL IDEAS (1)

• Any idea that did not come from your own senses: sight, touch, taste, hearing, direction, balance, etc.

• Safety Rule: Cite all non-original ideas

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NON-ORIGINAL IDEAS (2)

• Any idea that can be found in any source: books, persons, magazines, the internet, etc.

• Safety Rule: Cite all non-original ideas

TUTORIAL

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BORROWED IDEAS (1)

Ideas come in different forms, such as:

• Words

• Arrangement of words

Safety Rule: Cite all borrowed ideas

TUTORIAL

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BORROWED IDEAS (2)


• Images

• Arrangement of images


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BORROWED IDEAS (3)


• Images

• Arrangement of images


TUTORIAL

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BORROWED IDEAS (4)


• Sounds

• Arrangement of sounds


TUTORIAL

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BORROWED IDEAS (5)


• Objects

• Arrangement of objects


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Documentation (1)

• Documentation = citation and reference.

TUTORIAL

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Documentation (2)

• All borrowed ideas must be documented.

• All non-original ideas must be documented.

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Documentation (3)

• You must indicate if a borrowed idea use the exact words and arrangement of words.

• This is called quoting.

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Documentation (4)

• You must indicate if a borrowed idea use the different words and arrangement of words.

• This is called paraphrasing.

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Documentation (5)

• The use of borrowed or non-original ideas without documentation is called plagiarism.

TUTORIAL

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Documentation (6)

• Plagiarism is punishable according to the rules of the institution. This can be anything from a zero grade to expulsion.

TUTORIAL

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Best Practices

• Use sources with complete information: author, date, publisher

• Use documents with a DOI


APA cheatsheet

You might want to know...

• Where to put the volume number in the reference

• How to cite emails, lectures, phone conversations


APA cheatsheet

End of Lecture

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

By Syed Muhammad Faris bin Syed Buruhanudeen (Malaysia), Soe Moe Tun (Myanmar), Umo Aly (Vietnam), Lor Kiat Seng (Malaysia), and Jaime Alfredo Cabrera (Philippines)

03 July 2013, Albukhary International University, Alor Setar, Malaysia

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