amhist ch. 9- jeffersonian era
TRANSCRIPT
Jeffersonian Era
Chapter 9
Jeffersonian EraJeffersonian Era
•Not a revolution as much as a transition
from elitism of Federalists to "common
man" politics – Andrew Jackson of 1820s
12th Amendment12th Amendment
• electors will cast separate ballot for president and vice president
• to prevent president and vice president being from opposing political parties
Chesapeake AffairChesapeake Affair
• British – pursued– attacked – boarded
• the American ship looking for deserters from the Royal Navy
Lead to the Embargo Act
Embargo Act Embargo Act
• following British firing on American ship; – Forbid trade with
Britain and France– Hurt US economy– Americans upset
because this hurt their businesses• New England
merchants depended on overseas trade - Only lasted 2 years
- Lead to division between North and South states
John Marshall & Supreme John Marshall & Supreme CourtCourt
• First great chief justice of Supreme Court – Jefferson's cousin– Strong Federalist– Landmark decisions
•34 year career•7 presidents
Marshall's Landmark Marshall's Landmark DecisionsDecisions
• Marbury vs. Madison– **Supreme court can say what is constitutional or not
• Gibbons vs. Ogden– **Protected the federal government's
delegated powers (ie. regulate interstate commerce)
– NY tried to monopolize use of its waterways to only one company; prevent all others to use it
• McCulloch vs. Maryland– Maryland tries to tax the Baltimore branch
of the National bank out of existence– **States could not interfere with National
Bank that federal govt put into place
Louisiana Purchase Louisiana Purchase
• 1800- Spain returns Louisiana to France– New Orleans - trade
• Jefferson --> Napoleon $10 million (New Orleans)– Napoleon --> Louisiana territory
for $15 million
• Jefferson nervous because constitution does not clearly allow gov't to purchase land– Senate approves – Purchase made US more than
double in size• Boundaries???
Implied Powers = not stated in
constitution but are implied by the powers
expressly stated
Lewis & ClarkLewis & Clark
• Authorized by gov't to explore Louisiana Territory
• May 1804- expedition left Missouri• December 1805- reached Pacific
ocean (Oregon)• September 1806- Returned to Missouri • New geographical features
– Rocky Mountains– Yellowstone National Park– Pacific Ocean
• New Animals• Grizzly Bears• Vultures• Cougars
Sacajawea
SacajaweaSacajawea
Zebulun PikeZebulun Pike
• Army officer leads 2 expeditions1. 1805 Expedition
– Upper Mississippi River
2. 1806-7 Expedition– Cross Great Plains to Colorado Rockies – Discovered Pike's Peak
• Turn southward to Mexico
Indians & Northwest Indians & Northwest TerritoryTerritory
Indian• land belongs to
everyone
• grow whatever crops you need
• hunt only what you need for food
White Man• land ownership
important• Indians wasting
land– more crops– more hunting– more use of
resources
Battle of Fallen TimbersBattle of Fallen Timbers
• Mad Anthony Wayne– G. Washington appoints him in a
campaign to crush Indians– Lewis, Clark, & Zebulun also fight in
battle
• Treaty of Greenville- Indians surrender southern half of Ohio
Tecumseh and his BroTecumseh and his Bro
• "the Prophet"• message from
"Master of Universe"– rejecting
white man's lifestyle
– must unite to fight against white man
• Chief adversary of Harrison• Lead Indian challenge
against United States• Trained warrior• Father and brother killed in
battle against whites• Fearless and honorable
– Never tortured prisoners– Never attacked women &
children
• Convinced Indians to unite against whites
Battle of TippecanoeBattle of Tippecanoe
• Harrison & Tecumseh meet in 1810– Could reach no agreement– War was inevitable
• While Tecumseh away, Harrison camps near Prophetstown, Indiana
• Prophet leads attack on whitemen• Whitemen win battle and run off Indians
– heavy loss of life
• Tecumseh returns to find Prophetstown destroyed and burned down