Jeffersonian Era

The text’s authors believed that the Louisiana Purchase was “the most glorious achievement of Jefferson as president”. Do you agree? Why or why not?

Assess the Jeffersonian presidency. What do you think were his three most important legacies? Explain your choices

Election of 1800Burr

Republican candidates: Jefferson & Aaron Burr

Election of 1800

Tie vote Lame Duck Federalist House of Representatives36 ballots before Jefferson backed; Hamilton supported TJ over BurrLead to 12th Amendment (new rules for electing president and vice president)

The Finale of Federalists & Jefferson’s Restraint

Jefferson the Man

Wanted democratic society of small, independent farmers

Favored limited government, popular education, protection of civil liberties

Revolution of 1800: triumph of common citizen over the aristocracy, peaceful transition to another party

Death of Federalists

“halfway house between European past & American future”

Jefferson as President…

Alien & Sedition acts expired

Naturalization law of 1802 – 5 yrs

Congressional repeal of whisky tax

Cut back army & navy

Replaced some Federalist officeholders

Repealed Judiciary Act of 1801 (eliminating Adams’Midnight Judges)

Jefferson as President…

Mostly continued Hamilton’s financial program

Kept many federalists in office

Continued isolationist policy

Used lose interpretation of Constitution when it suited him…

Federalist who served 34 years

Marbury v. Madison (1803) judicial review

John Marshall & Supreme Court

Barbary Pirates

Louisiana Purchase (1803)

Importance of Mississippi River & New Orleans

Napoleon offers all of Louisiana Territory

Constitutional Problems with purchase

Lewis & Clark, Zebulon Pike expeditions

Meanwhile…The Napoleonic WarsMeanwhile…The Napoleonic Wars

1. Napoleonic Wars1. Napoleonic Wars1. Napoleonic Wars1. Napoleonic Wars

Q 1806 1806 Berlin Decrees Berlin Decrees [“Continental [“Continental System”] System”]

Q 1806 1806 Britain issued the “Orders Britain issued the “Orders in in Council.” Council.”

Q 1807 1807 Milan Decrees Milan Decrees

Q 1808-1811 1808-1811 Britain impressed Britain impressed over over 6,000 American 6,000 American sailors. sailors.

Napoleonic Wars: GB v. France

Britain & France blockade each other

American ships make profits running blockades

British impress American sailors

Napoleonic Wars: GB v. France

Chesapeake-Leopard Affair (1807)

2. Chesapeake-Leopard 2. Chesapeake-Leopard “Affair”“Affair”

2. Chesapeake-Leopard 2. Chesapeake-Leopard “Affair”“Affair”Q June 21, 1807.June 21, 1807.

Q Br. Captain fired on Br. Captain fired on the USS Chesapeake.the USS Chesapeake.

Q 3 dead, 18 wounded.3 dead, 18 wounded.

Q Br. Foreign Office Br. Foreign Office said it was a mistake.said it was a mistake.

Q Jefferson’s Response:Jefferson’s Response:

Forbade Br. ships to dock in Forbade Br. ships to dock in American ports.American ports.

Ordered state governors to call up Ordered state governors to call up as much as 100,000 militiamen.as much as 100,000 militiamen.

3. The Embargo Act 3. The Embargo Act (1807)(1807)

The “OGRABME” TurtleThe “OGRABME” Turtle

3. The Embargo Act 3. The Embargo Act (1807)(1807)

The “OGRABME” TurtleThe “OGRABME” Turtle

Embargo Act (1807-1809)

No US trade w/ foreign countries

Little effect on GB & France

Federalists, South, & West oppose

Non-Intercourse Act repeals, but continues no trade w/ GB, France

Madison & Drift to War

James Madison succeeds Jefferson

4. The Non-Intercourse 4. The Non-Intercourse Act Act (1809)(1809)

4. The Non-Intercourse 4. The Non-Intercourse Act Act (1809)(1809)

Q Replaced the Embargo Act.Replaced the Embargo Act.

Q Remained U. S. policy until 1812.Remained U. S. policy until 1812.

Q Unexpected ConsequencesUnexpected Consequences::

N. Eng. was forced to become self-N. Eng. was forced to become self-sufficient again [old factories sufficient again [old factories reopened].reopened].

Laid the groundwork for US Laid the groundwork for US industrial power.industrial power.

Jefferson, a critic of an industrial Jefferson, a critic of an industrial America, ironically contributed to America, ironically contributed to Hamilton’s view of the US!!!Hamilton’s view of the US!!!

Macon Bill No. 2: Madison dupe of Macon Bill No. 2: Madison dupe of NapoleonNapoleon

5. Br. Instigation of 5. Br. Instigation of IndiansIndians

5. Br. Instigation of 5. Br. Instigation of IndiansIndians

British General Brock Meets with TecumsehBritish General Brock Meets with TecumsehBritish General Brock Meets with TecumsehBritish General Brock Meets with Tecumseh

Madison & Drift to War

Southern & Western War Hawks, demand war against Britain, Spain– Leaders: John C. Calhoun (SC) and

Henry Clay (KY)

Madison asks Congress to declare war in 1812

MadisonMadison

““War Hawks”War Hawks”““War Hawks”War Hawks”

Henry Clay [KY]Henry Clay [KY]Henry Clay [KY]Henry Clay [KY]

John C. Calhoun [SC]John C. Calhoun [SC]John C. Calhoun [SC]John C. Calhoun [SC]

Presidential Election of Presidential Election of 18121812

Presidential Election of Presidential Election of 18121812

““Mr. Madison’s War!”Mr. Madison’s War!”““Mr. Madison’s War!”Mr. Madison’s War!”

American ProblemsAmerican ProblemsAmerican ProblemsAmerican ProblemsQ The US was unprepared militarily:The US was unprepared militarily:

Had a 12-ship navy vs. Britain’sHad a 12-ship navy vs. Britain’s800 ships.800 ships.

Americans disliked a draft Americans disliked a draft preferred to enlist in the preferred to enlist in the disorganized state militias.disorganized state militias.

Q Financially unprepared:Financially unprepared:

Flood of paper $.Flood of paper $.

Revenue from import tariffs Revenue from import tariffs declined.declined.

Q Regional disagreements.Regional disagreements.

War of 1812

OvervieOvervieww

of theof theWarWarofof

18121812

OvervieOvervieww

of theof theWarWarofof

18121812

3 U. S. Invasions of 3 U. S. Invasions of 18121812

3 U. S. Invasions of 3 U. S. Invasions of 18121812

Campaigns of 1813Campaigns of 1813Campaigns of 1813Campaigns of 1813

Wartime Events (1812-1815)

US failure to conquer Canada

British counterattack from Canada thwarted

US privateers at first successful, but later beaten

Wartime Events (1812-1815)

Washington DC captured, partially burned (Ft. McHenry withstands bombardment, inspiring Star Spangled Banner)

Battle of Fort Battle of Fort McHenry,McHenry,

18141814

Battle of Fort Battle of Fort McHenry,McHenry,

18141814

Oh Say Can You SeeOh Say Can You SeeBy the Dawn’s Early Light…By the Dawn’s Early Light… -- -- Francis Scott KeyFrancis Scott Key

Gave proof through the Gave proof through the night,night,

That our flag was still That our flag was still there..there..

Gave proof through the Gave proof through the night,night,

That our flag was still That our flag was still there..there..

Attack on Ft. Oswego, Attack on Ft. Oswego, 18141814

Attack on Ft. Oswego, Attack on Ft. Oswego, 18141814

Hartford ConventionHartford ConventionDecember, 1814 – December, 1814 –

January, 1815January, 1815

Hartford ConventionHartford ConventionDecember, 1814 – December, 1814 –

January, 1815January, 1815

Treaty of GhentTreaty of GhentDecember 24, 1814December 24, 1814

Treaty of GhentTreaty of GhentDecember 24, 1814December 24, 1814

Wartime Events (1812-1815)

Andrew Jackson defeats British at New Orleans, becomes a national hero

The Battle of New The Battle of New Orleans, 1815Orleans, 1815

The Battle of New The Battle of New Orleans, 1815Orleans, 1815

The Battle of New The Battle of New Orleans, 1815Orleans, 1815

The Battle of New The Battle of New Orleans, 1815Orleans, 1815

Jackson’s Florida Jackson’s Florida CampaignsCampaigns

Jackson’s Florida Jackson’s Florida CampaignsCampaigns

Treaty of Ghent (1814)Status-quo…

No mention of impressments, but European war over so moot point

Results of War

Growth of American nationalism

Strengthening of isolationism

Increase in westward migration

Encouragement of US industry

Hartford Convention disappearance of Federalist Party