C - Can describe, explain and summarise what sociological theories say about socialization

B - Can assess what Sociological Theories say about Socialization

A - Can evaluate what Sociological Theories say about Socialization

  

WALT: State what the Sociological Theories say about Socialization?

What is Socialization for?Rally table a list of ideas…

Key WordsSocialization – Process of learning values, beliefs and

norms that make up our culture.Primary – Main agent of socialization (Family)Secondary – Other groups (Mass Media)Agency of Socialisation – Institute or groups that

socialize.Learnt – Behaviour that is copied repeatedly.Role Model – a person to be imitated.

How could we teach a boy to be a girl.

- Use ALL the Key Words

Socialization and IdentityBaumeister (1996) :• Family socialization provides children with an

identity• Children learn roles through imitative play• Learning social roles will enable children to

eventually become adults…

What kinds of roles/behaviour do children learn through play that they

may then play later in life

Socialization and Social ControlMorgan (1996)• Parents use sanctions to reinforce and reward

socially approved behaviour• Sanctions lead to the development of a

conscience in a child – which leads to independent action

• Toilet training – instils control over bodily functions so child is ‘civilised’ and avoid ‘uncivilised’ behaviours

• Gender Socialization – children internalise cultural expectations about femininity/masculinity

Evaluation of Baumeister/Morgan• 3 criticisms and strengths

Experts – 4 agencies of socialization1. Number off 1-42. Allocate topic:- Education- Religion - Mass Media- Peer Group3. Create a summary for topic

E/D – Describe and define what is meant by your agent of socialization.

C – Explain how they socialize…

A – Evaluate from a sociologist view point (Marxist / Functionalist).

Experts – 4 agencies of socialization4. Join other experts to reinforce learning

5. With experts, create 4 knowledge questions – you will take these back to your group to do.

6. Return to home table. Take it into turns to deliver expert topic

7. When everyone has finished…then test them using 4 knowledge questions

Q-Q-T • Create Quiz Quiz Trade cards with questions about

each of the four different agencies of socialization.

Link to Sociology (Try Socialization)

Sociological views of Socialization.Education…Schools deliver knowledge and skills that prepare you for the world with a formal curriculum (what students learn).

There is also another side to the socialization process known as the hidden curriculum. (Schools have rules, expected to conform).

Functionalist – Plays a vital role in teaching the values and norms of society to each new generation.

Marxist – Education socializes individuals into accepting the vales of the Ruling Class.

Sociological views of Socialization.Religion…Durkheim suggests religion is to socialize members into value consensus by investing in certain qualities.

These become moral codes, thus they become primary socialization. I.E. The Ten Commandments.

Marx describe religion as an ideological apparatus that SERVES to reflect the ruling class ideas.

- Material success is good.- Emphasis on blind faith distracts the poor (FCC)- Makes exploitation etc. bearable by promising

reward.

Sociological views of Socialization.Peer Groups…Refers to people of similar status who come into regular contact with each other. (Friendship etc)

Strong influence on adolescent behavior. Causes conflict between parents and friends.

Increasingly important (according to Heath 2004).

Workplace is another important source of peer-group relationships. Teaches skills and discipline but also informal rules. I.E. Trade Union – Collectivist approach.

Sociological views of Socialization.Mass Media…Perhaps the most significant form of secondary socialization?Provides values and beliefs as well as role models.

Marx criticizes Mass Media as responsible for mass culture…Has had a negative impact on culture.

Mass culture = False culture designed to encourage ‘false needs’.

Key Questions.• A choice of these two questions in an exam.

• Using information from Item B and elsewhere, assess sociological theories of socialization. (24 marks).

• Using information from Item A&B outline the process of Primary and Secondary Socialization, including sociological theories. (24 marks).

Criticisms of SocializationHow could the process have negative

consequences for some children?

Is socialization straightforward?

Is socialization a one way process?

EvaluationPostman (1982) • Childhood is much shorter compared to 50 years

ago.• Children have lost innocence.Palmer (2007)• Negative influence of TV/Computer games impact

on process.Phillip (1997)• Children have too many rights and use these to

resist parental power.

Choice of Challenge … • With a Partner you now have to choose a

Challenge Card to complete about the criticisms of Socialization as a process.

• You nee to read page 42 and complete your challenge. Take notes in your book if necessary.

Key Words of Culture & Socialization.Socialization – Process of teaching and learning culture.Society – Community bound together by social institutions and culture.Culture – A way of life of a society – Shared values, beliefs and norms.Identity – How the individual sees themselves.

Globalization – The influence on British culture of cultural products produced outside of the UK.High Culture – Cultural products defined as superior to mass or popular.Mass Culture – Cultural products consumed by a lot of people.Sub Cultures – Groups that exist within or alongside main culture.Folk Culture – Traditional cultural products.

Values – Important beliefs.Norms – Ways of behavingCustoms – Traditional way of doing things.

Value Consensus – Shared agreement on important beliefs (FUNCTIONALIST)Conflict Theory - The belief that societies are unequal and unfair and in conflict (MARX)False Class Consciousness – State of not being aware of our true identity as exploited workers. (MARX)

Conformity – Obeying the rules without questioning them.Consensus – Agreement of 50%+Sanctions – Punishments and rewards.Imitative play – Copying adults and learning…Hidden curriculum – Invisible way schools encourage conformity.