web of data - eu law and...
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Building European Legislation Identifier
Pillars Thomas Francart – ELI Taskforce
« Access to and reuse of EU Legal Information » Brussels – 21 march 2016
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1. Identifiers Identify legislation
Browse legislation
2. Metadata Describe legislation
Link legislation
3. Content structure ? Not in scope of ELI !
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Design ELI URIs Create ELI metadata Publish ELI metadata
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URIs are « barcodes » for every piece of data on the web
http://mydomain.org/mypath/myresource
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URL Identify something on the web
http://my.website.eu
URI Identify, on the web, anything (from the real world)
http://animals.eu/my-zebra
Fabien Gandon : http://fr.slideshare.net/fabien_gandon
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ELI proposes URI components that can be selected and arranged in any order to define your own URI structure.
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Guidelines to
Design ELI URIs
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Stay close to how legislation is cited
Guideline #1
“the 2001 Directive” means Directive 2001/83/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Community code relating to medicinal products for human use;” (*) “ LOV nr 925 af 18/09/2012 ” http://retsinformation.dk/eli/regel/lov/2012/09/18/925
(*) : http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2016/190/schedule/1/paragraph/1/made
http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/2001/83
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Use components stable over time
• « Cool URIs don’t change » • Typically avoid names of ministries in the URI
Guideline #2
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Define user behavior to browse the ELI hierarchy http://data.europa.eu... User behavior…
/eli/dir/2001 Lists all the directives of 2001
/eli/dir/2001/83
Get Directive 2001/83/EC in its current state : latest consolidated version, plus modifiers not yet consolidated
/eli/dir/2001/83/corrigendum Get the corrigenda of Directive 2001/83/EC
/eli/dir/2001/83/2009-12-31 Get Directive 2001/83/EC as it was at the requested date
Guideline #3
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Address layers of the ELI description A specific legislation, independently of one of its « version » or language
Directive 80/181/CEE
A specific (temporal) version of this legislation, independently of its language
OJ version or consolidated version
A specific linguistic variant of this version of the legislation
An english translation
A specific file format for given language of given version of this legislation
Signed PDF vs. HTML
Guideline #4
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http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32011D1219
1 Legal Resource in its original OJ version
23 Legal Expressions
3 Formats for each expressions
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LegalResource
LegalExpression
Format
Can be expressed in various
Can be published in various
Is expressed in concrete
files
Has multiple versions in
(Abstract) LegalResource
Each conceptual level is identified with a URI using extra components.
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Why are ELI URIs foundations for ELI metadata ?
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Subject Verb Complement
<ELI URI> <Metadata> <Value> http://...
/eli/dir/1980/181/oj
eli:date_publication
1979-12-20
ELI Metadata are expressed on ELI URI in the form of triples.
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ELI metadata model
~ 35 fields (+ inverse properties)
Generic description of legislation
A publishing model – to share – not to replace internal metadata
schemas (if any)
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Describe legal texts (Luxembourg)
uri: .../loi/2014/21/19/n11 type_document: Law title: Pondération de l'indice des prix à la consommation date_document: 25/10/2014 date_publication: 30/10/2014 in_force: yes publisher: Bureau de la Législation du Luxembourg
Official Journal A 255/2014
published_in Parliament passed_by
Ministry of Finance
responsibility_of
is_about
Finance, Tax
Luxembourg
relevant_for
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Different levels of description
LegalResource
LegalExpression
Format
Can be expressed in various
Can be published in various
Each level of abstraction will be associated with specific metadata.
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ELI Metadata : links
• Based on / basis for – Secondary legislation to primary legislation
• Changes / changed by – Amendment, replacement
• Cites / cited by – In the text of the legislation
• Consolidated / consolidated by – Consolidated version to previous consolidated version or base
act, plus legislation making the change • Transposes / transposed by (implements / implemented by)
– From national legislation to EU directives (transposes : formal link, implements : more generic, for consolidated versions)
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Link legal texts (Luxembourg)
Law /loi/2014/21/19/n11
SEQ:A
related_to
Law /loi/2010/12/17/n2
Law /loi/2009/05/05/n8
Project 20140166
idParlement:60720
Directive 1991/0440
changes
Reglementation /rgd/2015/07/24/n3
basis_for
Law /loi/1988/12/13/n1
cites
changes
changes
Law /loi/2015/05/31/n1
changed_by
Law ../loi/1860/12/04/n1
cites
cited_by Law
/loi/2015/07/30/n1
Creating a graph of legislation.
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Guidelines to
Create ELI metadata
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Map your description metadata to ELI
Guideline #1
• Map Xpath inside XML, or database columns • Map what you have, some fields will be « not applicable »
ELI Property Italy
date_document Corresponds to the date of the legal act (data atto)
date_publication Corresponds to the date of the Official Gazzette that contains the legal act
first_date_entry_in_force It maps to the "inizioVigenza" date.
date_no_longer_in_force It maps to the "fineVig" date.
related_to Not applicable
changes emendamenti, errata corrige, avvisi di rettifica
changed_by Not applicable
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Publish the 4 mandatory fields
• Type of document : eli:type_document • Title : eli:title • Language : eli:language • File format : eli:format
Guideline #2
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Define necessary controlled lists (use SKOS)
• type of document • keywords • administrative areas • agents (ministries, publishers, etc.) • …
Guideline #3
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How can ELI metadata be published into web pages ?
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What you see as a human
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What the HTML code looks like <div id="content"> <h2 class="title"> <span about="https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/eli/loi/2015/12/2/DEVP1507712L/jo/texte/fr" property="eli:title" typeof="eli:LegalExpression"> LOI n° 2015-1567 du 2 décembre 2015 portant diverses dispositions d'adaptation au droit de l'Union européenne dans le domaine de la prévention des risques </span> </h2> ... <strong>LOI n° 2015-1567 du <span property="eli:date_document" datatype="xsd:date" content="2015-12-02">2 décembre 2015</span> portant ... </strong> ... </div>
RDFa syntax allows to embed semantic markup in an HTML web page with extra attributes.
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What the machine sees
Applications can parse RDFa markup and turn it into (RDF) structured data.
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Guidelines to
Publish ELI metadata
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Use RDFa to add semantic markup to existing webpages. Either inline…
Guideline #1
<strong>LOI n° 2015-1567 du <span property="eli:date_document" datatype="xsd:date" content="2015-12-02">2 décembre 2015</span> portant ...
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… or in a header
Guideline #2
<head> … <meta about="http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/1969/2596/oj" typeof="eli:LegalResource"/> <meta about="http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/1969/2596/oj" property="eli:id_local" content="31969R2596" /> <meta about="http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/1969/2596/oj" property="eli:type_document" resource="http://publications.europa.eu/resource/authority/resource-type/REG"/> <meta about="http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/1969/2596/oj" property="eli:passed_by" resource="http://publications.europa.eu/resource/authority/corporate-body/CONSIL"/> <meta about="http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/1969/2596/oj" property="eli:is_about" resource="http://eurovoc.europa.eu/2591"/> … </head>
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Take away
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ELI URIs = Technical identifiers + User browsing in legislation
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ELI Metadata = Clear levels of abstraction + Generic legislation description
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ELI Publishing = Low impact on publishing workflow + No visual impact in webpages
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ELI is an easy first step for building a web of legal data. Once deployed it can be improved iteratively.
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Questions ? Thank you !