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1

VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

(Autonomous)

DEPARTMENT OF AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING

II B. Tech. I Semester (Automobile Engineering)

Subject : Thermodynamics

Subject Code : 5ME02

Academic Year : 2016 – 17

Number of working days : 90

Number of Hours / week : 3 + 1

Total number of periods planned: 60

Name of the Faculty Member: T.Srinivasa Rao

Course Objectives

Apply the basic concepts of thermodynamics and Thermodynamic Laws for various

thermodynamic systems

Evaluate the properties of pure substance and to analyse the concept of irreversibility

and availability

Apply the basic concept of power cycles for External combustion engines and

internal combustion engines

Evaluate the behavior of ideal gas mixtures and Thermodynamic properties

Course Outcomes

After completion of the course the student is able to

Apply the basic concepts of thermodynamics and Thermodynamic Laws for various

thermodynamic systems

Evaluate the properties of pure substance and to analyse the concept of irreversibility

and availability

Apply the basic concept of power cycles for External combustion engines and

internal combustion engines

Evaluate the behaviour of ideal gas mixtures and Thermodynamic properties of the

given mixture of gases

UNIT – I

Concepts and Definitions: Thermodynamic system and control volume; Macroscopic

versus microscopic point of view; Properties and state of a substance; Processes and cycles,

Energy, Specific volume and density, Equality of temperature; The Zeroth law of

thermodynamics; Temperature scales.

Work and Heat: Definition of work; Units for work; Work done at the moving boundary of

a simple compressible system; Other systems that involve work; Definition of heat; Heat

transfer modes; Comparison of heat and work.

The First Law of Thermodynamics: The first law of thermodynamics for a control mass

undergoing a cycle; The first law of thermodynamics for a change in state of a control mass;

Internal energy-a thermodynamic property; Problem analysis and solution technique;

Enthalpy; The constant-volume and constant-pressure specific heats; The internal energy,

enthalpy, and specific heat of ideal gases; The first law as a rate equation.

2

First Law Analysis for a Control Volume: Conversion of mass and the control volume, The

first law of thermodynamics for a control volume, The steady-state process; Examples of

steady-state processes.

Learning objectives: after successful completion of Unit – I the student must be able to

1. Distinguish different types Thermodynamic Systems.

2. Understand Thermodynamic Equilibrium.

3. Distinguish Point and Path functions.

4. Understand Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics

5. Understand Principles of Thermometry.

6. Apply first law to a closed system.

7. Apply first law to a open system.

UNIT – II

The Second Law of Thermodynamics: Heat engines and refrigerators; The second law of

thermodynamics; The reversible process; Factors that render processes irreversible; The Carnot

cycle; Two propositions regarding the efficiency of a Carnot cycle; The thermodynamic

temperature scale; The ideal-gas temperature scale; Ideal versus real machines.

Entropy for a Control Mass: The inequality of Clausius; Entropy — a property of a system;

The entropy of a pure substance; Entropy change in reversible processes; The thermodynamic

property relation; Entropy change of an ideal gas; The reversible polytropic process for an ideal

gas; Entropy change of a control mass during an irreversible process; Entropy generation;

Principle of increase of entropy; Entropy as a rate equation.

Learning objectives: after successful completion of Unit – II the student must be able to

1. Understand Limitations of the First Law.

2. Define Second law of Thermodynamics.

3. Prove the equivalence of two statements.

4. Define PMM II

5. Understand Carnot’s principle

6. Understand Carnot cycle.

7. Understand the concept of Principle of Entropy Increase.

UNIT – III

Irreversibility and Availability: Available energy; Available energy Referred to a cycle;

Quality of energy; Maximum work in a reversible process; reversible work by an open

system; Exchanging heat only with the surroundings; Useful work; Dead state; Availability;

Availability in chemical reaction; Irreversibility and Gouy-stodola Theorem; Availability or

Exergy Balance; second law efficiency.

Properties of a Pure Substance: The pure substance; Vapor- liquid- solid- phase

equilibrium in a pure substance; Independent properties of a pure substance; Steam Tables;

Thermodynamic surfaces; The compressibility factor; Equations of state.

3

Learning objectives: after successful completion of Unit –III the student must be able to

1. Understand the concept of Availability and Irreversibility.

2. Understand the concept of third law of thermodynamics.

3. To read and obtain data from steam tables and Mollier chart.

UNIT- IV

Power Cycles: Introduction to power systems; The Rankine cycle; Effect of pressure and

temperature on the Rankine cycle; Air-standard power cycles; The Brayton cycle; The air-

standard cycle for jet propulsion; Reciprocating engine power cycles; The Otto cycle; The

Diesel cycle; The Dual cycle, The Stirling cycle; The Atkinson and Miller cycles

Learning objectives: after successful completion of Unit –IV the student must be able to

1 Understand the applications of various cycles.

2 Represent various cycles on different coordinates.

3 Find the Mean Effective Pressures in various cycles.

4 Find the Thermal efficiency of various cycles.

5 Compare different cycles.

UNIT – V

Ideal Gas Mixtures: Ideal Gas;Real Gas; Internal Energy and Enthalpy of an Ideal Gas; Specific

Heats of an ideal gas; Equations of state; Virial Expansions; Law of Corresponding states; Boyle

Temperature; Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures; Thermodynamic Properties of Gas Mixtures;

Gibbs Function of Ideal Gas Mixtures.

Thermodynamic Property Relations: Mathematical relations for a homogeneous phase;

The Maxwell relations; Thermodynamic relations involving enthalpy, internal energy, and

entropy; The Clapeyron equation; Joule-Thompson coefficient; Real gas behavior and

equations of state.

Learning objectives: after successful completion of Unit –V the student must be able to

1. Define perfect gas.

2. Understand Dalton’s Law of partial pressure & Avogadro’s Laws of additive

volumes

3. Find Entropy of Entropy of Mixture of perfect Gases and Vapour

4. Read Compressibility charts and Gas Tables

4

Course Plan

Topic

No. Topic Name

Number

of Periods

Cumulative

Periods

UNIT-I

1 Introduction 1 1

2 Thermodynamic system and control volume;

Macroscopic versus microscopic point of view;

Properties and state of a substance;

2 3

3 Processes and cycles 1 4

4 The Zeroth law of thermodynamics; Temperature scales. 1 5

5 Definition of work; Units for work; Work done at the

moving boundary of a simple compressible system;

Other systems that involve work.

3 8

6 The first law of thermodynamics for a control mass

undergoing a cycle; The first law of thermodynamics for

a change in state of a control mass.

3 11

7 The first law of thermodynamics for a control volume,

The steady-state process; Examples of steady-state

processes

3 14

UNIT-II

8 Heat engines and refrigerators; The second law of

thermodynamics

2 16

9 The reversible process; Factors that render processes

irreversible; The Carnot cycle; Two propositions

regarding the efficiency of a Carnot cycle

2 18

10 The thermodynamic temperature scale; The ideal-gas

temperature scale; Ideal versus real machines.

1 19

11 The inequality of Clausius; Entropy — a property of a

system; The entropy of a pure substance;

2 21

12 Entropy change of an ideal gas; The reversible

polytropic process for an ideal gas

2 23

13 Entropy change of a control mass during an irreversible

process; Entropy generation

2 25

Principle of increase of entropy; Entropy as a rate

equation

1 26

UNIT-III

14 Available energy; Reversible work and irreversibility;

Availability and second-law efficiency; Exergy balance

equation.

2 28

15 Introduction to Third law of Thermodynamics &

Concept of absolute entropy

2 30

16 The pure substance; Vapor- liquid- solid- phase 2 32

5

equilibrium in a pure substance

17 Independent properties of a pure substance; Steam

Tables; Thermodynamic surfaces

2 34

18 The compressibility factor; Equations of state. 2 36

UNIT-IV

19 Introduction to power systems; The Rankine cycle;

Effect of pressure and temperature on the Rankine

cycle;

3 39

20 The Brayton cycle; The air-standard cycle for jet

propulsion;

2 41

21 The Otto cycle; The Diesel cycle; The Dual cycle, 3 44

22 The Stirling cycle; The Atkinson and Miller cycles

2 46

UNIT-V

23 General consideration and mixtures of ideal gases; ideal

gas equation Daltons law of partial pressure

1 47

24 Mathematical relations for a homogeneous phase;

The Maxwell relations; Thermodynamic relations

involving enthalpy, internal energy, and entropy

2 49

25 Clapeyron equation; Joule-Thompson coefficient;

Volume expansivity,

1 50

26 Real gas behavior and equations of state; The

generalized chart for changes of enthalpy at

constant temperature;

1 51

27 The property relation for mixtures; Tables of

thermodynamic properties of gases.

2 53

TEXT BOOKS

1. Engineering Thermodynamics by P.K. Nag, Publisher: McGraw-Hill.

2. Engineering Thermodynamics by P.Chattopadhyay, Oxford University Press.

REFERENCES

1. Fundamentals of Thermodynamics by C. Borgnakke, R.E. Sonntag, and G.J. Van Wylen;

Publisher John Wiley.

2. Engineering Thermodynamics by Burgadt, Harper & Row Publication.

3. Thermodynamics - An engineering approach by Yunus Cengel and Boles; Publisher:

TMH.

6


DEPARTMENT OF AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING

II B. Tech, Semester I (Automobile Engineering)

Subject : Metallurgy and Material science



Number of working days : 90

Number of Hours / week : 3

Total number of periods planned: 50

Name of the Faculty Member: Ch. Vamshikrishna

II Year B. Tech CE – II Sem L T/P/D C

3 0 3

(13MED005) METALLURGY AND MATERIAL SCIENCE

UNIT – I Metal structure and crystallization

Introduction - atom binding, ionic bond, covalent bond, metallic bond, and Vander Waals forces;

Overview of metal structure and crystallization.

Constitution of alloys

Introduction; Classification of alloys or compounds; Pure metal; Intermediate alloy phase or compound -

intermetallic compounds or valency compounds, interstitial compounds, and electron compounds; Solid

solutions; Substitutional solid solution - factors that control the range of solubility in alloy system; Interstitial

solid solutions.

Learning objectives :

After completion of the unit, students will be able to know about:

Different atomic bindings for different metals and nonmetals.

How the bond will form in the Pure metals and alloys and its significance.

Solubility rules for different metal combinations

Defects and their effects on material properties

Difference between alloys and pure metals

Chemical compounds, intermetallic compounds and solid solutions

Crystallization

Different crystal structures and their properties.

Lecture plan :

S.No. Description of Topic No. of

Hrs.

Method of

Teaching

1 METAL STRUCTURE AND CRYSTALLIZATION

2 Introduction - atom binding, ionic bond, covalent bond 2 PPT+Video

3 metallic bond, and Vander Waals forces

1 PPT

4 Overview of metal structure and crystallization.

3 PPT

5 Constitution of alloys

PPT, chalk &

board

6 Introduction; Classification of alloys or compounds; Pure metal;

Intermediate alloy phase or compound - intermetallic compounds or

valency compounds

2 PPT, Chalk &

board

7

7 interstitial compounds, and electron compounds; Solid solutions;

Substitutional solid solution - factors that control the range of solubility in

alloy system; Interstitial solid solutions.

2 PPT, Chalk &

board

Total = 10

UNIT – II Phase diagrams Introduction; Coordinates of phase diagrams; Experimental methods - construction of equilibrium diagrams by

thermal analysis, metallographic methods, and X-ray diffraction;

Type-I-Two metals completely soluble in the liquid and solid states; Chemical composition of phases; relative

amounts of each phase; Equilibrium cooling of a solid solution alloy; Diffusion; Nonequilibrium cooling;

Homogenization; Properties of solid-solution alloys; Variation of Type I; Type II-Two metals completely

soluble in the liquid state and completely insoluble in the solid state; Type III-Two metals completely soluble in

the liquid state but only partly soluble in the solid state; Properties of eutectic alloy systems; Age hardening –

solution treatment, and aging process; Type IV-The congruent-melting intermediate phase; Type V-The

peritectic reaction; Type VI-Two liquids partly soluble in the liquid state: the monotectic reaction; Type VII-two

metals insoluble in the liquid and solid states; Interrelation of basic types;

Transformations in the solid state - allotropy, order-disorder transformation, the eutectoid reaction, the

peritectoid reaction, and complex diagrams;

Study of important binary phase diagrams of Cu-Ni, Al-Si,Sb-Pb,Pt-Ag,Bi-Cd,Cu-Pb,Cu-Sn,and Fe-Fe3C.

Learning objectives:

After completion of the unit, the students will be able to know about:

Cooling curves for pure metals and alloys

Different reactions and resulting structures at different temperature and compositions

Equilibrium and non-equilibrium coolings, their resulting structures and defects

Microstructure of different alloy combinations like Cu-Ni, Al-Si,Sb-Pb,Pt-Ag,Bi-

Cd,Cu-Pb,Cu-Sn,and Fe-Fe3C.

Solubility metals at different temperatures in an alloy system

S.No. Description of Topic No.

of

Hrs.

Method of

Teaching

1. PHASE DIAGRAMS

2. Introduction; Coordinates of phase diagrams; Experimental methods -

construction of equilibrium diagrams by thermal analysis,

metallographic methods, and X-ray diffraction;

3 PPT

3. Type-I-Two metals completely soluble in the liquid and solid states;

Chemical composition of phases; relative amounts of each phase;

Equilibrium cooling of a solid solution alloy;

2 PPT

4. Diffusion; Nonequilibrium cooling; Homogenization; Properties of

solid-solution alloys; Variation of Type I;

2 PPT+ chalk

&board

5 Type II-Two metals completely soluble in the liquid state and

completely insoluble in the solid state;

2 PPT, chalk &

board

6 Type III-Two metals completely soluble in the liquid state but only

partly soluble in the solid state; Properties of eutectic alloy systems;

Age hardening – solution treatment, and aging process

3 PPT, Chalk

& board

7 Type IV-The congruent-melting intermediate phase; Type V-The

peritectic reaction; Type VI-Two liquids partly soluble in the liquid

state: the monotectic reaction;

3 Chalk &

board

8 Type VII-two metals insoluble in the liquid and solid states;

Interrelation of basic types;

2 PPT+Video

8

9 Transformations in the solid state - allotropy, order-disorder transformation,

the eutectoid reaction, the peritectoid reaction, and complex

diagrams;Study of important binary phase diagrams of Cu-Ni, Al-Si,Sb-

Pb,Pt-Ag,Bi-Cd,Cu-Pb,Cu-Sn,and Fe-Fe3C.

2 PPT+Video

Total = 19

UNIT – III The heat treatment of steel

Introduction; Full Annealing; Spheroidizing; Stress-relief annealing; Process annealing; Normalizing;

Hardening; The isothermal transformation diagram; Transformation to Pearlite and Bainite; Cooling curves and

I-T Diagram; Transformation on continuous cooling; Position of the I-T curves; Hardening or austenitizing

temperature; Homogeneity of austenite; Mechanism of heat removal during quenching - vapor-blanket cooling

state (stage A), vapor transport cooling stage (stage B), Liquid cooling stage (stage C); Quenching medium;

Temperature of quenching medium; Surface condition - methods to minimize the formation of scale - copper

plating, protective atmosphere, liquid-salt pots, and cast-iron chips; Size and Mass; Hardenability; Use of

Hardenability data; Tempering; Austempering; Surface heat treatment or case hardening; Carburizing; Heat

treatment after carburizing; Cyaniding and Carbonitriding; Nitriding; Flame hardening; Induction Hardening;

Residual Stresses; Hardenable carbon steels.

Learning objectives:


heat treatment and its significance

Different heat treatment processes

Resulting microstructures and their properties of different heat treatment processes

The best suitable methods for effective and economical products

Applications of Different Processes.

Lecture plan:

S.No. Description of Topic No. of

Hrs.

Method of

Teaching

1 THE HEAT TREATMENT OF STEEL

2 Introduction; Full Annealing; Spheroidizing; Stress-relief annealing;

Process annealing; Normalizing; Hardening; The isothermal

transformation diagram; Transformation to Pearlite and Baintite

2 PPT

3 Cooling curves and I-T Diagram; Transformation on continuous

cooling; Position of the I-T curves; Hardening or austenitizing

temperature; Homogeneity of austenite; Mechanism of heat removal

during quenching - vapor-blanket cooling state (stage A), vapor

transport cooling stage (stage B), Liquid cooling stage (stage C);

Quenching medium; Temperature of quenching medium

3 PPT

4 Surface condition - methods to minimize the formation of scale -

copper plating, protective atmosphere, liquid-salt pots, and cast-

iron chips; Size and Mass; Hardenability; Use of Hardenability

data; Tempering; Austempering

3 PPT+ chalk

&board

5 Surface heat treatment or case hardening; Carburizing; Heat

treatment after carburizing; Cyaniding and Carbonitriding;

Nitriding; Flame hardening; Induction Hardening; Residual Stresses;

Hardenable carbon steels.

3 PPT, chalk

& board

Total = 11

9

UNIT – IV Alloy steels

Introduction; Purpose of alloying; Effect of alloying elements upon Ferrite; Effect of alloying elements upon

carbide; Influence of alloying elements on the iron-iron carbide diagram; Effect of alloying elements in

tampering; Classification of steels - nickel steel, chromium steel, nickel-chromium steels, manganese steels,

molybdinum steels, tungsten steels, venedium steels, silicon steels, stainless steels, martensitic stainless steels,

ferritic stainless steels, austenitic stainless steels, precipitation-hardening stainless steels, maraging steels, and

ausforming.

Tool steels

Classification of tool steels; Selection of tool steels; Comparative properties; Non-deforming properties; Depth

of hardening; Toughness; Wear resistance; Red-hardness; Machinability; Resistance to decarburization; Brand

names; Water-hardening tool steels (Group W); Shock resisting tool steels (Group S); Cold-work tool steels;

Hot-work tool steels (Group H); High speed tool steels; Mold Steels (Group P); Special purpose tool steels; Heat

treatment of tool steels; Overview of tool failures;

Special cutting materials – satellites, cemented carbides, and ceramic tools.


After completion of the unit, the students will be able to know about

Identify different types of steels and alloy steels available in the market for his

requirement

Understand Compositions and their properties resulting microstructures

know about the different types of tool steels

understand significance and applications of tool steels in industries and Tool rooms

Lecture plan :

S.No. Description of Topic No. of Hrs. Method of

Teaching

1 ALLOY STEELS

2 Introduction; Purpose of alloying; Effect of alloying

elements upon Ferrite; Effect of alloying elements upon

carbide; Influence of alloying elements on the iron-iron

carbide diagram

2 PPT

3 Effect of alloying elements in tampering; Classification of

steels - nickel steel, chromium steel, nickel-chromium steels,

manganese steels, molybdinum steels, tungsten steels,

venedium steels,.

2 PPT

4 silicon steels, stainless steels, martensitic stainless steels,

ferritic stainless steels, austenitic stainless steels,

precipitation-hardening stainless steels, maraging steels, and

ausforming

2 PPT, Chalk

& board

5 TOOL STEELS

Chalk &

board

6 Classification of tool steels; Selection of tool steels;

Comparative properties; Non-deforming properties; Depth of

hardening; Toughness; Wear resistance; Red-hardness

2 Chalk &

board

7 Machinability; Resistance to decarburization; Brand names;

Water-hardening tool steels (Group W); Shock resisting tool

steels (Group S); Cold-work tool steels; Hot-work tool steels

(Group H); High speed tool steels; Mold Steels (Group P);

Special purpose tool steels; Heat treatment of tool steels

3 PPT+Video

8 Overview of tool failures; Special cutting materials –

satellites, cemented carbides, and ceramic tools.

1 Chalk &

board

10

Total = 12

UNIT – V Cast iron

Introduction; Types of cast iron; White cast iron; Malleable cast iron; Pearlitic malleable iron; Gray cast iron;

Silicon in cast iron; Sulfur in cast iron; Manganese in cast iron; Phosphorus in cast iron; Heat treatment of grey

iron, Size and distribution of graphite flakes; Mechanical properties and applications of grey cast iron; Chilled

cast iron; Nodular cast iron; Alloy cast irons.

Non-ferrous metals and alloys

Introduction; Copper and its alloys - Copper, temper designation of copper and copper alloys, and copper alloys;

Aluminum and its alloys - Aluminum, Alloy designation system, and temper designation; Titanium and

Titanium alloys.



know about the different types of cast irons and available in the market , their

behavior and Application in industrials point of view

Distinguish the steels and cast irons.

Identify the microstructures and their properties of different Cast irons

Student can able to know about the different types of non –ferrous alloys and their

significance and applications in industries and Tool room

Distinguish the Pure Metal and Alloys Microstructures.

their properties of different alloy combinations of non ferrous metals.

Lecture plan :

S.No. Description of Topic No. of Hrs. Method of

Teaching

1. CAST IRON

2. Introduction; Types of cast iron; White cast iron; Malleable cast iron;

Pearlitic malleable iron; Gray cast iron; Silicon in cast iron; Sulfur in

cast iron; Manganese in cast iron; Phosphorus in cast iron

2 PPT

3. Heat treatment of grey iron, Size and distribution of graphite flakes;

Mechanical properties and applications of grey cast iron; Chilled cast

iron; Nodular cast iron; Alloy cast irons.

2 PPT

4. NON-FERROUS METALS AND ALLOYS

PPT+ chalk

&board

5. Introduction; Copper and its alloys - Copper, temper designation of

copper and copper alloys, and copper alloys 2 PPT, Video

6 Aluminum and its alloys - Aluminum, Alloy designation system, and

temper designation; Titanium and Titanium alloys.- 2 Chalk &

board

Total = 08

TEXT BOOKS

1. Introduction to Physical Metallurgy by Sidney H. Avner; Publisher: McGrawHill

REFERENCE BOOKS

Books:

11

Essentials of Materials Science and Engineering by Donald R. Askeland and Thomson.

Materials Science and Engineering by William and Collister.

Elements of Materials Science by V.Raghavan

12


BACHUPALLY, NIZAMPET (S.O), HYDERABAD- 500 090

DEPARTMENT OF AUTOMOILE ENGINEERING

II B. Tech, I Semester Academic Plan

Subject : Fluid Mechanics & Hydraulic Machines



Number of weeks scheduled : 16

Number of Hours / week : 4

Total number of periods planned : 64

Name of the Faculty : RAMU RATLAVATH

L T/P/D C

3 1 3

Learning Methodology: Chalk and Talk,

Presentation,

Pictorial view and explanation.

Pogil

UNIT I:

Fluid Statics: Properties of fluid – specific gravity, viscosity, surface tension, vapor pressure and

their influence on fluid motion, Pressure at a point, measurement of pressure, Forces on immersed

surfaces, Center of pressure, Buoyancy, Elements of stability of floating bodies.

Fluid Kinematics: Classification of flows, acceleration equations, Stream line, path line and streak

lines and stream tube, continuity equation, Stream function, velocity potential function.

Learning objectives: After successful competition of unit – I the students must be able to

1. The purpose of this course is to learn the Fluid properties and fundamentals of Fluid

statics and fluid flow .

2. The general objective of the course entails that the students understand the properties

and fundamental basic laws governing the behaviour of fluids .

3. The purpose of this course is to learn the Fluid Kinematics.

UNIT II:

Fluid Dynamics: Surface and body forces – Euler’s and Bernoulli’s equation, Venturimeter, Orifice

meter, Pitot tube, Reynolds experiment –Darcy Weisbach equation – Minor losses in pipes – pipes in

13

series and pipes in parallel. Momentum equation, force on pipe bend.

Learning objectives: After successful competition of unit – II the students must be able to

1. Using Euler’s and Bernoulli’s equations to calculate pressure variations in

accelerating fluids.

2. Applying the momentum and energy equations to engineering problems.

UNIT III:

BOUNDARY LAYER THEORY:

Development of boundary layer along a thin flat plate, Laminar boundary layer and turbulent

boundary layer, Laminar sub layer, boundary layer separation, Drag and lift forces -

Aerofoils, pressure and form drags.

IMPACT OF JETS: Hydrodynamic force of jets on flat, inclined and curved vanes - jet striking centrally and at

tip, flow over radial vanes

Learning objectives: After successful competition of unit – III the students must be able to

1. To make aware of development of boundary layer along a thin flat plate, Laminar

boundary layer and turbulent boundary layer, Laminar sub layer, boundary layer

separation, Drag and lift forces - Aerofoils, pressure and form drags.

2. To make aware of Hydrodynamic force of jets on flat, inclined and curved vanes - jet

striking centrally and at tip, flow over radial vanes

UNIT IV:

Hydraulic Turbines: Classification of turbines, design of Pelton wheel, Francis turbine and Kaplan

turbine – working proportion, work done, efficiency, draft tube- theory, functions and efficiency.

Geometric similarity, Unit and specific quantities, characteristic curves, governing of turbines,

selection of type of turbine, cavitation, surge tank and water hammer, elements of hydropower plant.

Learning objectives: After successful competition of unit – IV the students must be able to

1. To impart the knowledge on turbines.

2. Characteristic curves, governing of turbines, selection of type of turbine, cavitation, surge

tank and water hammer

UNIT V: Hydraulic Pumps: Classification, centrifugal pumps – types, working, work done, manometric

head, losses and efficiency, specific speed – pumps in series and parallel – performance

characteristic curves, NPSH, Reciprocating Pump – types, Working, Discharge, slip, indicator

diagrams.

Learning objectives: After successful competition of unit – V the students must be able to

14

1. To impart the knowledge on pumps

2. Working of pupms, work done, manometric head, losses and efficiency, specific speed –

pumps in series and parallel – performance characteristic curves of pumps


BACHUPALLY, NIZAMPET (S.O), HYDERABAD- 500 090

DEPARTMENT OF AUTOMOILE ENGINEERING

Name of the Staff: RAMU RATLAVATH Course: B.Tech (Automobile Engineering)

Code : 5ME04 Subject: Fluid Mechanics & Hydraulic Machines

Semester :II B. Tech. I - Semester Year : 2016-17

List of Books:

TEXT BOOK: T1 Hydraulics and Hydraulic Machines by Modi and Seth

T2 Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Power Engineering by D. S. Kumar

T3 Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Machines by R. K. Bansal

T4 Fluid Mechanics & Hydraulic Machines by R. K. Rajput

REFERENCES : R1 Fluid Mechanics, Victor Lyle Streeter

R2 Fluid Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications by Yunus Cengel John Cimbala

R3 Introduction to Fluid Mechanics, R. W. Fox, A. T. McDonald and P.J Pritchard

R4 Fluid Mechanics, F. M. White

Course Plan: Topic

No.

Topic Name Reference

Books

Number

of Periods

Cumulative

Periods

UNIT – I: Fluid Statics and Fluid Kinematics

1 Introduction T3, R2 1 1

2 Properties of fluid – specific gravity,

viscosity, surface tension T3, R2

2 3

3

vapor pressure and their influence on

fluid motion, Pressure at a point,

measurement of pressure, Forces on

immersed surfaces, Center of pressure,

Buoyancy, Elements of stability

of floating bodies.

T3, R2

8 11

4

Classification of flows, acceleration

equations, Stream line, path line and

streak lines and stream tube T3, R2

4 13

5 continuity equation, Stream function,

velocity potential function. T3, R2

3 16

UNIT – II: Fluid Dynamics

6 Surface and body forces – Euler’s and

Bernoulli’s equation T3, R2

2 18

15

7 Venturimeter, Orifice meter, Pitot tube T3, R2 3 21

8 Reynolds experiment –Darcy Weisbach

equation . T3, R2

2 23

9 Minor losses in pipes – pipes in series

and pipes in parallel. T3, R2

3 26

10 Momentum equation, force on pipe

bend. T3, R2

3 29

UNIT – III: Impact of Jets and Elements of hydroelectric power station

11

Hydrodynamic force of jets on flat,

inclined and curved vanes - jet striking

centrally and at tip, flow over radial

vanes

T3, R1, R2

5 34

12

Drag and lift forces - Aerofoil’s,

pressure and form drags .

T3, R1, R2

2 36

13

Hydrodynamic force of jets on flat,

inclined and curved vanes - jet striking

centrally and at tip, flow over radial

vanes

T3, R1, R2

5 41

UNIT – IV Hydraulic Turbines

14

Classification of turbines, design of

Pelton wheel, Francis turbine and

Kaplan turbine – working proportion,

work done, efficiency

T1, R1, R2

6 45

15

draft tube- theory, functions and

efficiency. Geometric similarity,

Unit and specific quantities T1, R1, R2

4 49

16

characteristic curves, governing of

turbines, selection of type of turbine,

cavitation, surge tank and water

hammer.

T1, R1, R2

4 53

UNIT-V: Hydraulic Pumps

17 Classification, centrifugal pumps – types T1, R1, R2 1 54

18 working, work done, manometric head,

losses and efficiency T1, R1, R2

2 56

19

specific speed – pumps in series and

parallel – performance characteristic

curves T1, R1, R2

4 60

20 NPSH, Reciprocating Pump – types T1, R1, R2 2 62

21 Working, Discharge, slip T1, R1, R2 1 63

22 Indicator diagrams.

T1, R1, R2

1 64

vnr vignana jyothi institute of … two propositions regarding the efficiency of a carnot cycle; the...

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