Volume: II Issue: 4 Sep 2015

Vagdevi Vilas Vignan Patrika

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Chairman’s Note

My Dear Students, Among the 84 lakh species of living beings, human being stands out unique, special and extraordinary, owing to his reasoning, logical thinking, analytical, comprehension skills and more than anything, his capacity to imagine! Our vision is limited to a narrow bandwidth, our audibility is limited to a small bandwidth and capacities of our senses are greatly limited. Despite all these limitations, human being is able to climb the top of the evolution ladder. All these are possible because of his skills and intelligence. There is a budding scientist in every student, who is highly inquisitive and curious about various things happening around him. This curiosity should move us to the next stage of experimentation, observation, analysis and comprehension. I am sure that ‘Vagdevi Vilas Vignan Patrika’ will kindle the scientific spirit in every student and help to transform into a budding scientist. I congratulate and thank all those who have contributed to this news bulletin.

- K. Harish Chairman, Vagdevi Vilas Institutions

Great dreams of great dreamers are always transcended – Dr.A.P.J.Abdul Kalam

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Volume: II Issue: 4 Sep 2015

Vagdevi Vilas Vignan Patrika

Editor’s Note

September month happens to be a very important month as the birthday of one of the visionaries

of Karnataka, a great scholar-Engineer and a statesman, Sir Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya is

celebrated as Engineer’s day on 15th September.

Sir Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya stands as a epitome of excellence, hardwork, perseverance, and

vision. He continues to inspire millions of young minds across the country.

Sir Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya was born on 15th September 1860 in a poor family to

Mokshagundam Srinivasas Shastry and Venkatalakshmamma in Muddenahalli village,

Chickkaballapur district of Karnataka. Sir Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya had his primary education

in Chickkaballapur and high school education from Bengaluru. He got his Bachelor of Arts from

Central College, Bengaluru in 1881 and later studied Civil Engineering at the prestigious college of

Engineering, Pune.

After having served across western parts of India in various prestigious capacities, and after being

retired from British service, Sir Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya joined the government of Mysore as

Chief Engineer and Secretary. His services as Diewan to earstwhile Mysore state was immense.

Visvesvaraya was appointed a companion of the order of the Indian Engine in 1911. In 1915, while

he was the Diwan of Mysore, Visvesvaraya was knighted commander of the order of Indian Empire

by the British. After India attained Independence, he was awarded with the nation’s highest honour,

The Bharath Ratna, in 1955. He served as honory member of various prestigious national and

international institutions. He was conferred with several honorary doctoral degrees. Sir

Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya was awarded honorary membership of London Institutions of Civil

Engineers for an unbroken 50 years!

The prayers at this moment is that Sir Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya be the mine of inspiration for

generations to come.

- R&D Department

Vagdevi Vilas Institutions

Life shrinks or expands in proportion to one’s courage – Ernest Hemingway

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Contents Page No. Contents Page No. Chairman’s Note 1

Famous Scientist

born in September

6 - 7

Editor’s Note 2 Articles by Students 8 - 9

CMP Program 3 - 4 Fun for all 10

Scientists in the

offing

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Volume: II Issue: 4 Sep 2015

Vagdevi Vilas Vignan Patrika

The inauguration of the CMP – 2015 program happened amidst pomp and galore at Vagdevi

Vilas School, Marathahalli on 25th August at assembly ground between 9:00 -10:30 a.m. The chief

guest of the day was Mr. Anup Lewis, Director, R&D, Schneider Electric India. He was

accompanied by Ms. Nabila Kidwai, CMP co-ordinator and Mr. Rakshith from Schneider Electric

India. Ms. Chaitra, CMP coordinator from SHARP also accompanied the dignitaries. The dais was

shared by Smt. Padma Sagar, Principal and Shri. Sreedharaih, Vice Principal. The program was

co-ordinated by Smt. Sindhu, Head, R&D, assisted by Smt. Rohini, Smt. Agnes, teacher

coordinators of CMP. Amongst the audience was all the students from Grade 5 – 8, teachers, and

academic coordinators. Inaugural session was followed by ‘Green kit’ distribution to green

ambassadors and a photo session of all the green ambassadors along with the dignitaries

concluded the event.

The first activity of CMP-2015, Ice-breaker Activity

happened on 3rd September 2015 to all our Green

Ambassadors at AV Room 1.

CMP Song, CMP Video were played, followed by

CMP Power point presentation, Power Pledge and

Thumb Art Activity. Students participated in all

these Thumb Art Activities with full enthusiasm.

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Conserve My Planet - Marathahalli

Continuous effort – not strength or intelligence – is the key to unlocking our potential

– Winston Churchill

Harrigan

Volume: II Issue: 4 Sep 2015

Vagdevi Vilas Vignan Patrika

The CMP induction programme was held at Vagdevi Vilas School, Varthur on Wednesday, the

26th of August 2015 at 9.00 am. The dignitaries of the day were Ms. Chaitra, CMP coordinator

from SHARP, Principal Smt. Jayanthy Raghu, Vice-Principal Smt. Poorna, Smt. Sindhu – Head

R & D Department. The program was co-0rdinated by Shri. Govindan and Smt. Divya teacher

coordinators of CMP. Green Kits containing a T-shirt, a cap and a pledge card were handed over

to the Green Ambassadors by the dignitaries. ‘Transformers Handouts’ were distributed among

the students which gave tips on making the CMP project successful. A couple of meaningful

cultural programmes put up by the students added flavour to the day’s event. Power pledge was

administered and students, the CMP ambassadors owed to be responsible and to carry out the

awareness drive with zeal.

As a part of the Conserve My Planet project organized by Schneider Electric India, an Ice

Breaker activity was conducted on 2nd September 2015 at Vagdevi Vilas School, Varthur. The

session began with a presentation of the

“CMP…” where the students were informed of

the details of the projects. This was followed by

an inspiring video and CMP song. The session

also included the students doing thumb art,

where the students created wonderful pieces of

art using paints and their thumb!! These paintings

were not just appealing to the eyes, but

symbolized a powerful message on Energy

Conservation.

Conserve My Planet - Varthur

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Strength does not come from physical capacity. It comes from an indomitable will

– Mahatma Gandhiji

Volume: II Issue: 4 Sep 2015

Vagdevi Vilas Vignan Patrika

The rather calm and serene farmhouse was filled with laughter and cheer this September. This

time, it was not the birds but our tiny tots visiting the farmhouse. Come September, they marched

to the farmhouse with excitement. Enthusiastically they learnt about trees and plants, and the

coconut tree was everyone's favourite. They discovered that plants can also heal as they peeped

and poked at the medicinal plants in the Danavantri Vana. In the end, they all wanted to be like

the trees, grounded in Nature.

Beans and peas were no more just vegetables the little ones enjoyed at lunch! Rather were magic

pods that become plants and trees. They understood the miracle process of germination as they

watched seeds become seedlings, grow roots, leaves and finally transform into plants.

“Roots fix the plant to the ground, while the stem holds the plant upright", they repeated as they

learnt the parts of the plant. Learning about Nature was never so much fun!!

Trees are the earth’s endless effort to speak to the listening heaven –Rabindranath Tagore

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Scientists in the offing!

September 05 – Teacher’s Day.

September 08 – World Literacy Day.

September 12 – World First Aid Day.

September 15 – Engineer’s Day.

September 16 – World Ozone Day.

September 18 – World Water Monitoring Day.

September 21 – Zero Emission Day.

September 22 – World Car Free Day.

September 29 – World Heart Day.

Important days in September

Volume: II Issue: 4 Sep 2015

Vagdevi Vilas Vignan Patrika

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John Dalton was born on September 6, 1766, in Eagles-field, England. His father was a weaver, who owned a house and a small amount of land. John Dalton was an intelligent child, who took an interest in the world around him and tried to learn as much as he could about everything. He attended his village school until he was 11, and then began helping as a teacher. At age 15, he started helping his older brother John to run a Quaker boarding-school in the town of Kendal. All the while, he continued teaching himself science, mathematics, Latin, Greek and French. By the time he was 19, he had become the school’s principal, continuing in this role until he was 26 years old. Then Dalton took the position of teacher of mathematics and natural philosophy at Manchester’s New College, a dissenting college.

In 1794, he wrote his first scientific paper which he called: Extraordinary Facts Relating to the Vision of Colours. This was the first ever paper to discuss color blindness, the condition became known as Daltonism. Further research papers followed, in the physical sciences: heat conduction, gas expansion by heat, the properties of light, the aurora borealis, and meteorology. Dalton then developed the atomic theory of matter which holds good today, over 200 years after John Dalton described it.

In 1810, he declined an invitation to become a member of the Royal Society, in 1822, he was elected without his knowledge. In 1826, he was awarded the Society’s Royal Medal for his Atomic Theory. In 1833, the French Academy of Sciences elected him as one of its eight foreign members. In 1834, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences elected him as a foreign member.

Dennis MacAlistair Ritchie was born in September 9, 1941,Bronxville, New York.

His father was Alistair E. Ritchie, a long time Bell Labs scientist. He graduated from

Harvard University with degrees in physics and applied mathematics. In 1967, Ritchie

began working at the Bell Labs Computing Sciences Research Center, and in 1968,

he defended his PhD thesis on "Program Structure and Computational Complexity"

at Harvard however, Ritchie never officially received his PhD degree. Ritchie was

best known as the creator of the C programming language, and a key developer of

the UNIX operating system, one of Ritchie's most important contributions to UNIX

was its porting to different machines and platforms.

In 1983, along with Thompson, Ritchie received the Turing Award, for their development of generic

operating systems theory and specifically for the implementation of the UNIX operating system. In 1990,

both Ritchie and Thompson received the IEEE Richard W. Hamming Medal from the Institute of Electrical

and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), In 1997, both Ritchie and Thompson were made Fellows of the

Computer History Museum, On April 21, 1999, Thompson and Ritchie jointly received the National Medal of

Technology of 1998 from President Bill Clinton, In 2005, the Industrial Research Institute awarded Ritchie

with its Achievement Award in recognition of his contribution to science and technology, In 2011, Ritchie,

along with Thompson, was awarded the Japan Prize for Information and Communications for his work in

the development of the Unix operating system.

Scientists Born In September

The measure of who we are is what we do with what we have – Vince Lombardi

Volume: II Issue: 4 Sep 2015

Vagdevi Vilas Vignan Patrika

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Ferdinand Porsche was born on September 3, 1875 in Maffersdorf, which is today

part of the Czech Republic. His father, Anton Porsche, was a master panel-beater.

He showed a strong aptitude for mechanical work at a very early age. He attended

classes at the Imperial Technical School in Reichenberg at night while helping his

father in his mechanical shop by day. Porsche landed a job with the Béla Egger

Electrical Company in Vienna when he turned 18 and first developed the electric

hub motor. In Vienna he would sneak into the local university whenever he could

after work. Other than attending classes there, Porsche never received any higher

engineering education.

In 1898, Porsche joined the Vienna-based factory Jakob Lohner & Company and

introduced the "Lohner-Porsche Mixte Hybrid" in 1901. In 1906, Porshe joined Austro-Daimler as their

chief designer and designed best known Austro-Daimler car for the Prince Henry Trial in 1910. Porsche

had advanced to Managing Director by 1916 and received an honorary doctorate from the Vienna

University of Technology in 1916 A few months later Porsche was given new job as Daimler Motoren

Gesellschaft's Technical Director in Stuttgart, Germany. In 1924 received another honorary doctorate

from the Stuttgart Technical University for his work.

In 1926, Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft and Benz & Cie merged into Daimler-Benz, with their joint

products beginning to be called Mercedes-Benz. In June 1934 Porsche received a contract from Hitler to

design a "People's car" (or Volkswagen). The first two prototypes were completed in 1935. In 1996,

Porsche was inducted into the International Motorsports Hall of Fame and in 1999 posthumously won the

award of ‘Car Engineer’ of the Century.

Oliver Evans was born on September 13, 1755 in Newport, Delaware. His father

was a cordwainer by trade. Evans received little formal education and in his mid-

teens was apprenticed to a wheelwright. Going into business with his brothers, he

worked for over a decade designing, building and perfecting an automated mill with

devices such as bucket chains and conveyor belts. In doing so Evans designed a

continuous process of manufacturing that required no human labor. This novel

concept would prove critical to the Industrial Revolution and the development of

mass production. Later in life Evans turned his attention to steam power, and built

the first high-pressure steam engine.

Evans dreamed of building a steam-powered wagon and would eventually construct and run one in 1805.

Known as the Oruktor Amphibolos, it was the first automobile in the country and the world's first

amphibious vehicle, although it was too primitive to be a success as either.

Evans was the first to describe vapor-compression refrigeration and propose a design for the first

refrigerator in 1805. Similarly, he drew up designs for a solar boiler, machine gun, steam-carriage

gearshift, dough-kneading machine, perpetual baking oven, marine salvage process, quadruple-effect

evaporator and scheme for urban gas lighting. He was an inventor, engineer and businessman and a

pioneer in the fields of automation, materials handling and steam power.

Success is how high you bounce when you hit bottom – George S. Patton

Volume: II Issue: 4 Sep 2015

Vagdevi Vilas Vignan Patrika

Courage is resistance to fear, mastery of fear, not absence of fear – Mark Twin

Hydroponics is an interesting way of growing plants in an inert media enriched with minerals

and nutrients that are required for a plant to grow happily. Amazingly….all this in absence of

soil. Yeah! You read it right. Want to know more about this? Go ahead and read this article

completely.

What is hydroponics?

‘Hydroponics’ ("hydro" meaning water and "ponics" meaning labour) is all about soil less

gardening. This concept is known from thousands of years. The hanging Gardens of Babylon

and The Floating Gardens of China are two of the earliest examples of hydroponics. If you

think growing plants only in water is hydroponics, think again…. there are countless methods

and variations in hydroponic gardening.

What is so special about hydroponics?

That's simple! If you give a plant exactly what it needs, when it needs, in the amount that it

needs, the plant will be as healthy as is genetically possible. With hydroponics this is an easy

task.

The plants are grown in an inert growing medium and a perfectly balanced, pH adjusted

nutrient solution is delivered to the roots in a highly soluble form. This allows the plants to

uptake their food with very little effort as opposed to soil where the roots must search out the

nutrients and extract them from soil. The plants then use this saved energy to grow faster

and produce more fruits. In general, plants grown hydroponically are healthier and happier.

What is the principle behind Hydroponics?

The inert material used instead of soil is purely gardener’s choice. A mixture of cocoa peat,

perlite powder and vermicompost in 1:1:1 ratio is mostly used support medium in many

horticulture institutes. This loose inert material holds macro and micro nutrients supplied in

water for a long time. Thus water usage is minimised to a great extent. Factors like using

confined area, inert media instead of soil and drip system for water and nutrient supply

ensures that each drop of water supplied is taken up by the plant.

Hydroponics – The Hi-tech Agriculture

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Volume: II Issue: 4 Sep 2015

Vagdevi Vilas Vignan Patrika

What are the advantages?

1. The growth rate on a hydroponic plant is 30-50 percent faster than a soil plant.

2. The nutrients are mixed with the water and sent directly to the root system and are

delivered to the plant several times per day. So, there is no wastage of nutrients and

water.

3. Lesser problems with bug infestations, weeds, fungus and diseases as plants are grown

in green houses or poly houses which minimises spores, weed seeds transfer and water

loss by evaporation.

4. Inert material is easily available in super markets. It is reusable and can be used for

many years.

5. More yield with quality crop is the best part of hydroponics-Hitech agriculture.

Who can try and how?

Anybody of any age can try hydroponic gardening. You just have to fill small trays/cups/any container with inert material mixture and plant your saplings in it. Use a bottle filled with nutrients in water as a water source. That’s it…

Hydroponic gardening is the wave of the future. It is currently being studied in classrooms

around the country, local horticultural societies and in government funded research

Institutes, universities and NASA. It is a popular hobby these days. Hydroponics is fun,

exciting and easy to get involved in. Do try and gift one to your best pal….

Good luck for your hydroponic gardening!!

Smt. Anitha Sukhdev,

Deputy Head,

Research and Development Department.

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Courage is grace under pressure – Ernest Hemingway

Volume: II Issue: 4 Sep 2015

Vagdevi Vilas Vignan Patrika

In 1935, physicists Albert Einstein and Nathan Rosen used the theory of general relativity to propose

the existence of “bridges” through space-time. These paths, called Einstein-Rosen bridges or

wormholes, connect two different pounts in space-time, theoretically creating a shortcut that could

reduce travel time and distance.

Einstein’s theory of general relativity mathematically predicts the existence of wormholes, but none

have been discovered to date. A negative mass wormhole might be spotted by the way its gravity

affects light that passes by.

Certain solutions of general relativity allow for the existence of wormholes where the mouth of each is a

black hole. However, a naturally occuring black hole, formed by the collapse of a dying star, does not by

itself create a wormhole.

Through the wormhole

Science fiction is filled with tales of travelling through wormholes. But the relativity of such travel is more

complicated, and not just because we have yet to spot one. The first problem is size. Primordial

wormholes are predicted to exist on microscopic levels, about 10-33 cm. However, as the universe

expands, it is possible that some may have been stretched to larger sizes.

Another problem comes from stability. The predicted Einstein-Rosen wormholes would be useless for

travel because they collapse quickly. But more recent research found that a wormhole containing

“exotic” matter could stay open and unchanging for longer periods of time. Exotic matter, which should

not be confused with dark matter or antimatter, contains negative energy density and a large negative

pressure. Such matter has only been seen in the behavior of certain vaccum states as part of quantum

field theory. If a wormhole contained sufficient exotic matter, whether naturally occurring or artificially

added, it could theoritically be used as a method of sending information or travelers through space.

Wormhole may not only connect two separate regions within the universe, they could also connect two

different universes. Similarly, some scientists have conjectured that if one mouth of a wormhole is

moved in a specific manner, it could allow for time travel. However, British cosmologist Stephen

Hawking has argued that such use is not possible.

Although adding exotic matter to a wormhole might stabilize it to the point that human passengers could

travel safely through it, there is still the possibility that the addition of “regular” matter would be sufficient

to destabilize the portal.

Today’s technology is sufficient to enlarge or stabilize wormholes, even if they could be found.

However, scientists continued to explore the concept as a method of space travel with the hope that

technology will eventually be able to utilize them.

- Compiled by Dyuthi, XI A, VVSM

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Climbing to the top demands strength, whether it is to the top of Mount Everest or to the top of

your career – A.P.J.Abdul Kalam

Worm hole

Volume: II Issue: 4 Sep 2015

Vagdevi Vilas Vignan Patrika

41 new species are discovered by Scientist every single day

The world’s oldest known creature, a mollusc, was 507 years old until scientists killed it by

mistake

A bolt of lightning is 5 times hotter than the surface of the Sun

Rain contains Vitamin B12

During photo synthesis, plants emit light, called fluorescence, that human cannot see

Every time a wood pecker’s beak hits a tree, its head is subject to 1000 times the force of

gravity

There are 10 times more bacterial cells in your body than body cells

Your weight on the moon is 16.5% of your weight on earth

Scientists finally concluded that the chicken came first, not the egg

A 10 year old accidentally created in 2012 a new molecule in science class :

Tetranitratoxycarbon

- Compiled by B. Harini, VII A, VVSM.

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Did you know?

Your attitude, not your aptitude, will determine your altitude – Zig Zagler

Sequential 8’s:

9 × 9 + 7 = 88

98 × 9 + 6 = 888

987 × 9 + 5 = 8888

9876 × 9 + 4 = 88888

98765 × 9 + 3 = 888888

987654 × 9 + 2 = 8888888

9876543 × 9 + 1 = 88888888

98765432 × 9 + 0 = 888888888

Sequential Numbers:

912345679 × 9 = 111111111

912345679 × 18 = 222222222

912345679 × 27 = 333333333

912345679 × 36 = 444444444

912345679 × 45 = 555555555

912345679 × 54 = 666666666

912345679 × 63 = 777777777

912345679 × 72 = 888888888

912345679 × 81 = 999999999

- Compiled by Shivambigai P, VII F, VVSM

Math Magic

Volume: II Issue: 4 Sep 2015

Vagdevi Vilas Vignan Patrika

For success, attitude is equally as important as ability. – Walter Scott

A large number of chemical reactions are named after their discoveries, but very few Indians have been

able to achieve such an honoured in chemistry. To this rare group of scientists, belongs

K.V.Venkataraman.

KV as he was known popularly, had his early education in Chennai and received an M. A., degree in

Chemistry from Madras University in 1923. During his stay in UOCT, he pursued, in addition to the work

on flavonoida, his research on dyes, dyeing and other related textile processing. His intimate knowledge

of dyes and dyes industry enabled him to be invited to visit the Second world war ravaged IG

Farbenindustrie AG in Germany for reporting on the developments in the field. In 1957, KV was

appointed as the first Indian Director of the National Chemical Laboratory. He received medals

commemorating eminent scientists. He was on the editorial boards of Tetrahedran, Tetrahedran letters,

and Indian Journal of Chemistry. In 1961, the President of India honoured him with the civilian award

Padma Bhushan.

- Compiled by Deeksha R., VIII A,VVSM.

K. V. Venkatraman

Science is a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable

explanations and predictions about the universe. In an older and closely related meaning, “Science”

also refers to this body of knowledge itself, of the type that can be rationally explained and reliably

applied. Ever since classical antiquity, science as a type of knowledge has been closely linked to

philosophy. In the west during the early modern period the words “Science” and “Philosophy of

nature” were sometimes used interchangeably, and until the 19th century natural philosophy (which is

today called “Natural Science”) was considered a branch of philosophy.

The word “Science” comes from the latin scientia, “knowledge, a knowing; expertness, from

science (genitive scientist) intelligent, skilled.

Science in a broad sense existed before the modern era, and in many historical civilizations.

Modern science is distinct in its approach and successful in its results: “Modern science now defines

what science is in the strictest sense of the term.

Before the invention or discovery of the concept of “Nature” (Ancient Greek Phusis), by the

Pre-Socratic philosophers, the same words tend to be used to describe the natural “way” in which a

plant grows, and the way in which, for example, one tribe worships a particular god. For this reason, it

is claimed these men were the first philosophers in the strict sense, and also the first people to clearly

distinguish nature and convention. Science was therefore distinguished as the knowledge of nature,

and the things which are true for every community.

- Compiled by P.S.V. Rohitha, VII D, VVSM.

Compiled by M.Meghana, VIII A, VVSV

Science

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Volume: II Issue: 4 Sep 2015

Vagdevi Vilas Vignan Patrika

The greatest weapon against stress is our ability to choose one thought over another

– William James

Bony Facts:

The smallest bone in the human body is stirrup. We have one in each ear.

Bones are hard outside and bit spongy inside. This spongy part is called

marrow.

Muscular Facts:

Muscles are usually fixed to our bones by a kind of strong string called tendons.

The most powerful muscles are on the side of the mouth.

Skin Facts:

The skin is divided into two layers dermis and epidermis. Along with animals as

Gorillas, we humans have oppasabee thumbs that we can touch our tip of the

thumb to the rest of the fingers, we makes us good using musical appliances

Sensing Facts: (Nose, Eyes and Ears)

Our Ears, Nose and throat are all joined up. That’s why a blocked nose can

affect how things taste to. It is impossible to sneeze with your eyes open. Ear

wax helps to protect your ears too. But much of it can stop hearing properly.

Our eye lid helps us to keep our eyes clean. Your eyes take picture around us

but see everything upside down!!. Our brain turns them the right way up.

Brainy facts:

The left side of the brain controls the right side of the body and the right side of

the brain controls the left side. We are having dream every night as our brains

are trying to make sense of the day. Thus some have about 1000 dreams a

year !!.

- Compiled by Prajakta Sahu, VIII B, VVSM.

Body Facts

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Volume: II Issue: 4 Sep 2015

Vagdevi Vilas Vignan Patrika

Age Calculation Tricks

1. Multiply the first number of the age

by 5.

* If <10, e.g. 5, consider it as 05.

* If it is >100, e.g. 102, then take 10 as

the first digit, 2 as the second one.

2. Add 3 to the result.

3. Double the answer.

4. Add the second digit of the

number with the result.

5. Subtract 6 from it.

Fun for All !

1) Did you know?

2520 is a Peculiar number. It is divisible by any number from 1 to 9. 2520 ÷ 1 = 2520 2520 ÷ 2 = 1260 2520 ÷ 3 = 840 2520 ÷ 4 = 630 2520 ÷ 5 = 504 2520 ÷ 6 = 420 2520 ÷ 7 = 360 2520 ÷ 8 = 315 2520 ÷ 9 = 280

2) 3) 4) 5) 6)

7) 8) 9)

Just Try!

Send your answers to:

researchdep.vvi@gmail.com

A smile is a curve that sets everything straight – Phyllis Diller

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