Volume: III Issue: 8 January 2017

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“You must the thing, which you think you cannot do so’’

CCChhhaaaiiirrrmmmaaannn’’’sss NNNooottteee

My Dear Students, Among the 84 lakh species of living beings, human being stands out unique, special and extraordinary, owing to his reasoning, logical thinking, analytical, comprehension skills and more than anything, his capacity to imagine! Our vision is limited to a narrow bandwidth, our audibility is limited to a small bandwidth and capacities of our senses are greatly limited. Despite all these limitations, human being is able to climb the top of the evolution ladder. All these are possible because of his skills and intelligence. There is a budding scientist in every student, who is highly inquisitive and curious about various things happening around him. This curiosity should move us to the next stage of experimentation, observation, analysis and comprehension. I am sure that ‘Vagdevi Vilas Vignan Patrika’ will kindle the scientific spirit in every student and help to transform into a budding scientist. I congratulate and thank all those who have contributed to this news bulletin becoming a reality. - K. Harish Chairman, Vagdevi Vilas Institute

Volume: III Issue: 8 January 2017

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“Each time we face fear, we gain strength, courage and confidence in the doing”

EEEdddiiitttooorrr’’’sss NNNooottteee

Dear Reader,

At the dawn of this fresh year 2017, the e-newsletter editions will now be presented to you in a whole new package of articles and achievements that we are glad to share. These articles are about the various activities at school that help students understand the importance of the technical aspects and organizational process as they work on many different projects.

Reading is to the mind, like exercise is to the body.

-Research and Development Department.

Contents Page no.

Chairman’s note 1

Editor’s note 2

Iris national fair 3

Pre-primary activities 4

Special days in January 5

Scientists born in January 6-8

Articles by Facilitators 9-10

Articles by Students 11-12

Answers for the month of December 13

Try it activities 14

Volume: III Issue: 8 January 2017

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“Dreams and dedication are powerful combination “

IRIS National Fair 2016 at IISER, Pune

IRIS National Science fair was held at IISER; Pune during 21st, 22nd, 23rd of December 2016 was flooded with Young Scientists of various schools from different states showcasing their science research projects.

IRIS National Science Fair is an outstanding example of public–private partnership initiated by Intel Technology India Private Ltd (Intel) with the Department of Science & Technology (DST), Government of India, and the Indo-US Science & Technology Forum (IUSSTF). It provides a platform for students from 9th std. – 12th std. to demonstrate their projects from various streams of Science and Engineering, 100 projects from different states with more than 160 students participated in the fair.

Twelve projects were selected from our school wherein students had to showcase their research work. It was best opportunity for the students to participate in such a national fair. It stimulates them to take up science as their major and provides route to new projects in their future. It also develops enthusiasm and creates curiosity about things around them. The students namely Ujwal Aradhya and Vishwas Reddy of Varthur Branch bagged BROADCOM AWARD (visitor and observer in ISEF – The Intel International Science and Engineering fair, USA) for their innovative project “Purification of Taq DNA polymerase enzyme within three hours’’ at IRIS fair. Sl no

Project Category Project title Participant/s Guide Name

1 Animal science Behavioural study of praying mantises

Joy Joshua Shalini S

2 Animal Science Carcinogens clearing darbha grass for car seats covers

Vivekananda Anitha Sukhdev

3 Cellular and molecular biology Purification of Taq DNA within three hours

Ujwal Aradhya and Vishwas Reddy

Raghu N

4 Cellular and molecular biology Rapid DNA isolation method

Varshitha Reddy and Keerthna Murali

Raghu N

5 Engineering, Electrical and Mechanical

Visual audio text aided system using sign language

Ranjitha V Tirumala Reddy

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“One machine can do the work of fifty ordinary men; no machine can do the work of one extraordinary man”

6 Engineering, Electrical and

Mechanical Automatic plant irrigation based on soil moisture monitoring over IoT

Sharon Gabriella and Neha Baiju

Sarita B

7 Environmental Management

Bio-Green Purvika K S and Bhavana G S

Raghu N

8 Medicine and health science

Redolent mask Purvika K S and Sai Pooja D

Agnes Lily B

9 Microbiology Micrococcus Pigment Isolation

Bharath M Raghu N

10 Plant science Natural oil by nirundo leaf Yeshwanth Gowda Govindan N 11 Plant Science Superplant Azolla source

of vitamim B including rare vitamin B12

Chirg Buddhivanth and Charan Gowda

Bhavisha Wala

12 Plan Science Development of plant antihistamine ointment for curing skin allergies

Sai Pooja D and Keerthi Aradhya

Raghu N

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An Exhibition was held as part of the curriculum for pre- primary students which was wonderfully arranged by them. The students explained the concept of their projects with lot of enthusiasm. Little scientists explained the principles of physics, Biology life cycles and chemistry experiments which were conducted by the students to their

SSppeecciiaall DDaayyss iinn tthhee mmoonntthh JJaannuuaarryy 22001177

Jan 1:- Public domain day Jan12:- National youth day Jan 15:- Indian army day Jan 25:- National voter’s day Jan 31:- International street children’s day

perfection.

“Of thought, I come close to the conclusion that the gift of fantasy has meant more to me then my talent for absorbing positive knowledge.”

TTiinnyy TToottss BBuussyy iinn llaabbss……

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Isaac Newton Isaac Newton was born in 1642 in a manor house in Lincolnshire, England. His father had died two months before his birth. When Newton was three his mother remarried and he remained with his grandmother. He was not interested in the family farm so he was sent to Cambridge University to study. Isaac was born just a short time after the death of Galileo, one of the greatest scientists of all time. Galileo had proved that the planets revolve around the Sun, not the Earth as people thought at the time. Isaac Newton was very interested in the discoveries of Galileo and others. Isaac thought the universe worked like a machine and that a few simple laws governed it. Like Galileo, he realized that mathematics was the way to explain and prove those laws.

He formulated laws of Motion and Gravitation. These laws are math formulas that explain how objects move when a force acts on them. Isaac published his most famous book, Principia in 1687 while he was a Mathematics Professor at Trinity College in Cambridge.

In the Principia, Isaac explained three basic laws that govern the way objects move. He also described his theory of gravity, the Force that causes things to fall down. Newton then used his laws to show that the planets revolve around the suns in orbits that are oval, not round.

The three laws are often called Newton’s Laws. The first law states that an object that is not being pushed or pulled by some force will stay still or will keep moving in a straight line at a steady speed. For example, if someone is riding a bike and jumps off before the bike is stopped what happens? The bike continues on until it falls over. The tendency of an object to remain still or keep moving in a straight line at a steady speed is called inertia.

The Second Law explains how a force acts on an object. An object accelerates in the direction the force is moving it. If someone gets on a bike and pushes the pedals forward the bike will begin to move. If someone gives the bike a push from behind, the bike will speed up. If the rider pushes back on the pedals the bike will slow down. If the rider turns the handlebars, the bike will change direction.

The Third Law states that if an object is pushed or pulled, it will push or pull equally in the opposite direction. If someone lifts a heavy box, they use force to push it up. The box is heavy because it is producing an equal force downward on the lifter’s arms. The weight is transferred through the lifter’s legs to the floor. The floor also presses upward with an equal force. If the floor pushed back with less force, the person lifting the box would fall through the floor. If it pushed back with more force the lifter would fly up toward the air.

The lighter was invented long back before the matchbox and matchsticks are invented.

SScciieennttiissttss bboorrnn iinn JJaannuuaarryy

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When most people think of Isaac Newton, they think of him sitting under an apple tree observing an apple fall to the ground. When he saw the apple fall, Newton began to think about a specific kind of motion called gravity. Newton understood that gravity was a force of attraction between two objects. He also understood that an object with more matter or mass exerted the greater force, or pulled smaller objects toward it. i.e. the large mass of the earth pulls objects toward it. That is why the apple fell down instead of up and why people don’t float in the air. He also thought that maybe gravity was not just limited to the earth and the objects on the earth. What if gravity extended to the moon and beyond? Newton calculated the force needed to keep the moon moving around the earth. Then he compared it with the force that made the apple fall downward. After allowing for the fact that the moon is much farther from the earth, and has a much greater mass, he discovered that the forces were the same and that the moon is also held in orbit around earth by the pull of earth’s gravity. Newton’s calculations changed the way people understood the universe. Prior to Newton, no one had been able to explain why the planets stayed in their orbits. What held them in place? People had thought that the planets were held in place by an invisible shield. Isaac proved that they were held in place by the sun’s gravity and that the force of gravity was affected by distance and by mass. While he was not the first to understand that the orbit of a planet was elongated like an oval, he was the first to explain how it worked.

Satyendra Nath Bose Satyendra Nath Bose was an Indian physicist who along with Albert Einstein founded the basis for Bose-Einstein statistics. This biography of Satyendra Nath Bose provides detailed information about his childhood, life, achievements, works & timeline.

Satyendra Nath Bose was an eminent physicist after whom ‘Bosons’, one of the two classes of particles in quantum mechanics, was named. He was a self-taught scholar who rose to prominence during the 1920s for his work on quantum mechanics and went on to work with the renowned German physicist, Albert Einstein. He studied science at the Presidency College, Calcutta, where he had the fortune to be taught by illustrious teachers like Jagadish Chandra Bose and Prafulla Chandra Ray. He became a research scholar at a time when new discoveries were being made in the field of physics. Quantum theory and related concepts were creating a stir in the scientific community and Bose did some important work in this field, particularly on the Planck's black body radiation law.

"You can't predict the future but you can invent it" - Dennis Gabor

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He sent his work to Albert Einstein who recognized the significance of the Indian scientist’s findings and soon collaborated with him to work on certain important ideas that formed the basis for Bose–Einstein statistics. Bose was a polyglot and also had varied interests in diversified fields, such as, philosophy, arts and music. Major Works

Satyendra Nath Bose is best known for giving the concepts of ‘Boson’, which refers to one of the two classes of particles. His work in quantum physics was further developed by Albert Einstein which laid the foundation for Bose-Einstein statistics and the theory of the Bose-Einstein condensate.

Awards & Achievements

The Government of India bestowed upon this eminent physicist the title of Padma Vibhushan in 1954 for his services towards science and research.

The S.N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences was established by the government in Calcutta in 1986.

In ordinary physics, each particle is distinct from each other. You can track each particle. This is true of all big and small things like planets, rubber balls and even grains of dust. But when we go into smaller scales, like subatomic particles (like electrons), the ordinary rules don't apply. The particles become indistinguishable, and so we cannot track them. This is the realm of quantum physics.

S.N. Bose and Albert Einstein together developed many of the principles that apply in quantum physics. These are together known as Bose Einstein Statistics. While this science is quite difficult, it makes an interesting prediction. It says that atoms, when cooled to a temperature close to absolute zero, will collapse into a new state of matter. This is called the Bose Einstein Condensate (BEC).

Many people thought BEC was just an idea, since it was near impossible to make. The first BEC took seventy years to make after Bose's paper. In 1995, Eric Cornell and Carl Wieman, of the University of Colorado cooled rubidium atoms to very near absolute zero. Their detector indicated the formation of a BEC, proving Bose & Einstein correct.

Bosons Particles that obey Bose Einstein statistics are called bosons. These include particles like photons and mesons. You can track a single atom, but never a single photon. In fact a photon can at the same time exist in two places. Two photons can exchange places without moving at all.

You really can change the world if you care enough. -Marian Wright Edelman

Volume: III Issue: 8 January 2017

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Learning to play a musical instrument or learning another language can slow the aging process of the human brain.

If you drink enough water in the morning, you will feel happier, sharper, and more energetic throughout the day.

People who walk at a quicker pace are generally seen as more confident and happier than those who walk at a slower pace.

“Earth Wind' Bathes the Moon with Oxygen”

A new study from Japanese researchers reveals that for the past 2.4 billion years, the moon has been bathed in a stream of oxygen particles stripped from the Earth’s atmosphere. By combining measurements taken with the lunar orbiter Kaguya and studies of lunar rocks, researchers prove that Earth contributes its own unique whiff of elements to the moon’s surface. The findings adds substantial proof to the theory that solar winds can carry particles of terrestrial origins all the way to the lunar surface.

The Earth is constantly bombarded by a current of charged particles emanating from the sun, called a solar wind, which is responsible for auroras. Earth’s magnetic field provides a bubble of protection from these charged particles as they are diverted around the planet. When Earth passes between the sun and the moon, the moon is briefly protected from the solar wind. During this time, particles ripped from the upper layers of the Earth’s atmosphere can land on the moon, planted in the topmost layer of lunar soil. Over the course of millions of years, these particles would come to represent a timeline of the planet’s atmosphere that researchers might be able to read. Previous studies of lunar rocks have found trace amounts of nitrogen, oxygen and noble gases with isotopic compositions that match those found on Earth; however, it wasn’t clear if they came from Earth. To prove solar wind-assisted deposition was responsible, the researchers used instruments aboard Kaguya to identify particles that passed by during that brief window when the moon hides behind Earth, shielded from the solar wind. The oxygen ions passing through at that time looked completely different than the ones that came from the sun because the Earth was right in the way, this indicated that they came from us. The composition of Earth’s oxygen is unique because it is the result of biological processes that have not known correlates anywhere else in the universe. If the lunar oxygen molecules could have come from nowhere else, we should be able to use them to dig into the moon and peer back through the history of the Earth’s atmosphere—all the way to the time oxygen first appeared some 2.4 billion years ago. This could potentially give us insights into the progress of biological life as it evolved and spread across the planet. Still to come are further experiments into the composition of lunar soil to tease out exactly which elements come from Earth. Because the moon floats in our protective wake for five days out of every orbit, the contributions from Earth’s atmosphere are likely to be overshadowed by the particles emanating from the sun. If we can successfully differentiate the terrestrial and solar, scientists may be rewarded with a glimpse back into the atmosphere of an Earth very different from the one we inhabit today. Swapnil Datta( 8 ‘B’), VVSM.

Volume: III Issue: 8 January 2017

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Hope is such a bait, it covers any hook.

-Oliver Goldsmith

Photon gun This is an illustration of a photon gun. A quantum dot (the yellow symbol) emits one photon (red wave packet) at a time. The quantum dot is embedded in a photonic crystal structure, which is obtained by etching holes (black circles) in a semiconductor material. Due to the holes, the photons cannot be emitted in all directions, but only along the waveguide, which is formed by omitting a number of holes.

Advanced photonic nanostructures are well on their way to revolutionising quantum technology for quantum networks based on light. Researchers from the Niels Bohr Institute have now developed the first building blocks needed to construct complex quantum photonic circuits for quantum networks.

Quantum technology based on light (photons) is called quantum photonics, while electronics is based on electrons. Photons (light particles) and electrons behave differently at the quantum level. A quantum entity is the smallest unit in the microscopic world. For example, photons are the fundamental constituent of light and electrons of electric current. Electrons are so-called fermions and can easily be isolated to conduct current one electron at a time. In contrast photons are bosons, which prefer to bunch together. But since information for quantum communication based on photonics is encoded in a single photon, it is necessary to emit and send them one at a time.

Information based on photons has great advantages; photons interact only very weakly with the environment -- unlike electrons, so photons do not lose much energy along the way and can therefore be sent over long distances. Photons are therefore very well suited for carrying and distributing information and a quantum network based on photons will be able to encode much more information than is possible with current computer technology and the information could not be intercepted on route.

Many research groups around the world are working intensively in this research field, which is developing rapidly and in fact the first commercial quantum photonics products are starting to be manufactured.

They have developed a photonic chip, which acts as a photon gun. The photonic chip consists of an extremely small crystal that is 10 microns wide (one micron is a thousandth of a millimetre) and is 160 nanometres thick (1 nanometre is a thousandth of a micron). Embedded in the middle of the chip is a light source, which is a so-called quantum dot.

Illuminating the quantum dot with laser light excites an electron, which can then jump from one orbit to another and thereby emit a single photon at a time. Photons are usually emitted in all directions, but the photonic chip is designed so that all the photons are sent out through a photonic waveguide," explains Peter Lodahl, Professor and Head of the Quantum Photonics research group at the Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen.

The research group further developed and tested the photonic chip until it achieved extreme efficiency and Peter Lodahl explains that it was particularly surprising that they could get the photon emission to occur in a way that was not previously thought possible. Normally, the photons are transmitted in both directions in the photonic waveguide, but in their custom-made photonic chip they could break this symmetry and get the quantum dot to differentiate between emitting a photon right or left, that means emit directional photons. This means full control over the photons and the researchers are beginning to explore how to construct complete quantum network systems based on the new discovery

G. Asha Raju R&D Facilitator

Volume: III Issue: 8 January 2017

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Art must take reality by surprise.

-Francoise Sagan

Answers for the month of December

Matchsticks tower puzzle

Can you find the answer!

Volume: III Issue: 8 January 2017

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LLaatteesstt NNeeww PPuuzzzzlleess ooff SScciieennccee

SSoollvvee tthhiiss MMaatthhss PPuuzzzzllee

AAmmaazziinngg FFaaccttss oonn SScciieennccee

SScciieennttiisstt hhaavvee ddeevveellooppeedd aa mmiiccrroo ppaarrttiiccllee ffiilllleedd wwiitthh ooxxyyggeenn tthhaatt ccaann bbee iinnjjeecctteedd iinnttoo tthhee bblloooodd ssttrreeaamm,, ssoo tthhaatt wwee ccaann lliivvee wwiitthhoouutt bbrreeaatthhiinngg..

Your Brain uses 25% of all the oxygen you breathe

Volume: III Issue: 8 January 2017

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TTrryy IItt

Three of the glasses below are filled with orange juice and the other three are empty. By moving just one glass, can you arrange the glasses so that the full and empty glasses alternate?

Send your answers to: - researchdep.vvi@gmail.com

Oceanography is the study of oceans, is mixture of biology, physics, geology and chemistry.