UNIT 2

MUSICAL MOODS

SUMMIT 1 – REVIEW AND EXTRA PRACTICE

PROF. JENDRY BARRIOS

PRESENT PERFECT

Use yet in questions with the present perfect to find out if something has happened before now.

Has your son gotten his flu shot yet? Have you been to the Taj Mahal yet?

Use the present perfect with not yet to talk about things that have not happened before now.

They haven’t discovered a cure for the common cold yet. The flu season hasn’t yet arrived.

Use the present perfect with already to talk about things that have happened before now.

My daughter has already gotten her flu shot.Researchers have discovered cures for many diseases

already.

Use the present perfect with since or for to talk about something that began in the past and continues into the present (and may continue into the future).

Martina Hingis has been a professional tennis player since 1994.

She has been a professional tennis player for years.

Have/Has +

Past Participle

PRESENT PERFECT

Use the present perfect with just, recently, or lately to talk about events in the very recent past.

We’ve just gotten back from Los Angeles.

I’ve recently signed a contract to write a book.

He hasn’t had time lately.

Use ever with the present perfect to ask questions. It means “at any time up until now.”

Have you ever won an award? Has she ever seen a ghost?

Use the present perfect to talk about things that happened at an indefinite time in the past.

They’ve won several awards. He’s seen that movie before.

PRESENT PERFECT

CONTINUOUS

Use the present perfect progressive to describe things that have stopped very recently. The action is not happening right now, but you can still see the results of the action.

The kids have been playing here. Their toys are all over the room.

It’s been raining. The streets are still wet.

Remember: Non-action verbs are usually not used in the progressive.

CORRECT: I’ve owned this doll for four years.

INCORRECT: I’ve been owning this doll for four years.

Use the present perfect progressive to talk about something that began in the past and continues into the present (and may continue into the future).

I’ve been collecting Beanie Babies for four years.

He’s been studying English since he was 12 years old.

Have/Has +

Been + Present

Participle

PRESENT PERFECT Vs. PRESENT

PERFECT CONTINUOUS

We often use the present perfect progressive to talk about how long something has been happening.

I’ve been reading books on elephants for two months. He’s been taking acting lessons since he was a teenager.

We often use the present perfect to talk about: how much someone has done, how many times someone has done something, and how many things someone has done.

I’ve read a lot about it. I’ve been to Africa twice. She’s written three articles.

The present perfect progressive often shows that an activity is unfinished. It focuses on the continuation of an action.

I’ve been reading a book about elephants. (I’m still reading it.)

She’s been writing an article. (She’s still writing it.)

The present perfect often shows that something is finished. It focuses on the result of the action.

I’ve read a book about elephants. (I finished the book.) She’s written an article. (She finished the article.)

PRESENT PERFECT Vs. PRESENT

PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Sometimes you can use either the present perfect or the present perfect progressive. The meaning is basically the same. This is especially true when you use verbs such as live, work,

study, and teach with for or since.

She’s studied elephants for two years. She’s been studying elephants for two years.

Words and phrases used with the present

perfect for finished actions:Already, ever, never, yet, once, twice, three

times… How many…?

Words and expressions often used with

unfinished actions:For, since, all day, lately, recently, this year,

these days, for a while, how long…?

PAST PERFECT

When the time relationship with two past events is clear, we can use the simple past tense for both events. The meaning is usually clear when you use after, before, or as soon as to connect the events.

After Oprah had appeared in The Color Purple, she got a part in another movie.

After Oprah appeared in The Color Purple, she got a part in another movie.

Already, yet, ever, and never are often used with the past perfect to emphasize the event that occurred first.

I saw The Color Purple last night. I had never seen it before. Jason had already seen it.

The past perfect always shows a relationship with another past event. Use the past perfect for the earlier event. Use the simple past for the later event.

In 1990, Oprah Winfrey invited Matt on the show. He had been an author for two years.

By the time Jill got home, “The Oprah Winfrey Show” had finished.

Use the past perfect to show that something happened before a specific time in the past.

By 1998, Oprah Winfrey had become famous. It was 1985. She had already been in a Hollywood film.

Had + Past

Participle

PAST PERFECT

PROGRESSIVE

We often use the past perfect progressive to draw conclusions about past events based on evidence.

She was out of breath. It was clear that she had been running.

The streets were wet. It had been raining.

The past perfect progressive always shows a relationship with another past event. Use the past perfect progressive for the earlier event. Use the simple past for the later event.

She had been practicing for three years when she entered the race.

Use the past perfect progressive to talk about an action that was in progress before a specific time in the past. It emphasizes the continuation of an action, not the end result.

It was 2:00 P.M. The runners had been running since 10:48 A.M.

I finally saw Rob at 4:00 P.M. I had been waiting for hours.

Had + Been +

Present

Participle

NOUN CLAUSES

NOUN CLAUSES

NOUN CLAUSES

NOUN CLAUSES

NOUN CLAUSES

NO

UN

CLA

USES

NO

UN

CLA

USES

NOUN CLAUSES

NOUN CLAUSES

PARTICIPIAL ADJECTIVES

PARALLEL STRUCTURE

PracticeDirections: Click on the links and do the exercises.

1 •Complete the text using the appropriate tenses. (Click here)

2 •Complete the text using the appropriate tenses. (Click here)

3 •Read the explanation. Scroll down and do all the exercises. (Click here)

4 •Fill in the gaps with the appropriate tenses of the words in parentheses. (Click here)

5 •Choose the correct answer. (Click here)

6 •Fill in the blanks with the appropriate tenses of the verbs in parentheses. (Click here)

7 •Read the explanation. Scroll down and do all the exercises. (Click here)

8 •Fill in the gaps with the appropriate tenses of the verbs in parentheses. (Click here)

9 •Fill in the blanks with the correct tense of the verbs in parentheses. (Click here)

10 •Fill in the gaps with the appropriate tenses of the verbs in parentheses. (Click here)

11 •Fill in the gaps with the appropriate tenses of the verbs in parentheses. (Click here)

12 •Click on the exercises and do them. (Click here)

13 •Click on the right answer. (Click here)

14 •Choose the correct answer. (Click here)

15 •Combine the sentences using noun clauses. (Click here)

16 •Combine the sentences using noun clauses. (Click here)

17 •Combine the sentences using noun clauses. (Click here)

18 •Follow the instructions. (Click here)

19 •Follow the instructions. (Click here)

20 •Follow the instructions. (Click here)

21 •Follow the instructions. (Click here)

22 •Follow the instructions. (Click here)