BASIC ENGLISH GRAMMAR“PRESENT PERFECT TENSE and PRESENT

PERFECT PROGRESSIVE TENSE”

Herman Efendi D75214052

Okne Putri Armadana D75214070

Ulfiatu Rochmah D75214071

Present Perfect Tense

There are three basic uses of simple present perfect tense :❶Actions beginning in the past and continuing up to the

present momentExample :→With time references like before, now, ever,

never........before, up till now, so far• She has ever met us(Dia sudah bertemu kami)→With since/for• I’ve lived here since 2000(Saya sudah tinggal disini sejak tahun 2000)

❷Actions which happened at an unspicified time in the past:

→With no time reference at all

• Have you passed your driving test?

→With references to recent time, like, just, recently, already, still, yet.

• I’ve just eaten

• She has already met us

→Repeated/ habitual actions

• I’ve watched him on TV several times.

• I’ve often met her

❸To show a connection in the speaker’s mind between the past and the present. This occurs in two main ways

→The unfinished past

• I’ve written three letters today

→The indefinite past

• i’ve just heard the news

• have you finished that report yet?

FORM OF SETENCES

POSITIVE SETENCE

I have finished my homework

She has finished her homework

He has already finished his homework

Subject Has/have Past participleI/You/we/ they Have (‘ve) Finished

He/ she/ it Has (‘s) Finished

NEGATIVE SETENCE

I have not finished my homework

She has not finished her homework

Subject Haven’t/ hasn’t Past participle

I/You/we/ they Have not (haven’t) Finished

He/ she/ it Has not (hasn’t) Finished

INTEROGATIVE SETENCE

have I finished my homework ?

has she finished her homework ?

Has/have Subject Past participle

Have I/You/we/ they Finished

Has He/ she/ it Finished

Present Perfect Progressive Tense

❶We use the present perfect progressive in place of the simple present perfect when we want to emphasize that something has been in progress throughout a period Instead of saying:

• I’ve typed all day,

• we can say, for emphasis, i’ve been typing all day.

• Depending on context, this may mean I’m still typing or i’ve just recently stopped

❷Some verb like learn, lie, live, rain, sit, sleep,

stand, study, wait, work naturally suggest continuity and we often use them with since and for . we can use them in the simple present perfect tense:

• I’ve waited here for two hours.

• I’ve worked here since 2000

→But we most often use them in the progressive:

• I’ve been waiting here for two hours.

• I’ve been working here since 2000

❸CONTRAST with simple present perfect

The present perfect simple is used when the action is complete and the final achievement is important:

• I’ve run six kilometres

• (NOT I’ve been running six kilometres)

• The present perfect continous is used when the activity is important. We are interested in how someone has been spending time, and the achievement is not important:

• I’ve been running. ( NOT I’ve run)

❹The simple present perfect and the progressive forms mean different things here:

• I’ve been painting this room. It will look good when it’s finished. (the job is unfinished)

• I’ve painted this room. Doesn’t it look good? (the job is definitely finished)

FORM AND SETENCES

POSITIVE SETENCE

Subject Has/have Been Verb-ing

I/you/they/we Have Been Teaching

She/he/it Has been Writing

NEGATIVE SETENCE

I/you/they/we Have not

Haven’t

Been waiting

He/she/it Has not

(hasn’t)

Been waiting

QUESTION SETENCE

Have I/you/they/we Been waiting?

Has He/she/it Been waiting?