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Tools and Techniques for Effective Board Decision‐Making August 19, 2019

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Page 1: Tools and Techniques for Effective Board Decision‐Making...Our Objectives 1.Identify common pitfalls related to board decision‐making 2.Describe various tools and techniques that

Tools and Techniques for Effective Board Decision‐Making August 19, 2019

Page 2: Tools and Techniques for Effective Board Decision‐Making...Our Objectives 1.Identify common pitfalls related to board decision‐making 2.Describe various tools and techniques that

Presenter: Susan Meier

• Principal, Meier and Associates• Senior Governance Consultant at BoardSource

• C‐Suite experience with national nonprofits

• 30+ years’ experience in the nonprofit sector

• Board member experience

Page 3: Tools and Techniques for Effective Board Decision‐Making...Our Objectives 1.Identify common pitfalls related to board decision‐making 2.Describe various tools and techniques that

Our Objectives

1. Identify common pitfalls related to board decision‐making

2. Describe various tools and techniques that can be used for board decision‐making

3. Determine which decision‐making models may work in your health center’s boardroom

Page 4: Tools and Techniques for Effective Board Decision‐Making...Our Objectives 1.Identify common pitfalls related to board decision‐making 2.Describe various tools and techniques that

The Governance Continuum

Dysfunctional

Functional

Responsible

dramatic disengagement,

conflict

adds minimal value; meetings consist mostly of 

reports 

compliant; strategic; good 

discussions; works in constructive partnership

Ability to make hard decisions in a timely way; generative; adaptive leadership

Unconscious  Conscious      Self Aware

Exceptional

Page 5: Tools and Techniques for Effective Board Decision‐Making...Our Objectives 1.Identify common pitfalls related to board decision‐making 2.Describe various tools and techniques that

“Most people spend more time and energy going around problems than 

in trying to solve them.”

‐Henry Ford (1863‐1947), American Industrialist and Founder of Ford Motor Company

Page 6: Tools and Techniques for Effective Board Decision‐Making...Our Objectives 1.Identify common pitfalls related to board decision‐making 2.Describe various tools and techniques that

Common Pitfalls

• Leaders often fail to thoughtfully prepare for important discussions.

• Board cultures and practices often inhibit discussions.• Collective decision‐making suffers when board members are not fully engaged and well informed.

And they lead to …• Well intended but ineffective decision‐making.

Page 7: Tools and Techniques for Effective Board Decision‐Making...Our Objectives 1.Identify common pitfalls related to board decision‐making 2.Describe various tools and techniques that

5 Steps to Effective Decision‐Making in the Boardroom

1. Embrace a culture of inquiry

2. Clarify the real issue on the table

3. Engage in your generative and strategic work

4. Optimize tools that support effective decision‐making

5. Use strategies to drive great decision‐making

Page 8: Tools and Techniques for Effective Board Decision‐Making...Our Objectives 1.Identify common pitfalls related to board decision‐making 2.Describe various tools and techniques that

1. Embrace a culture of inquiry*

*The Source: Twelve Principles of Governance that Power Exceptional Boards, BoardSource, 2005. 

Page 9: Tools and Techniques for Effective Board Decision‐Making...Our Objectives 1.Identify common pitfalls related to board decision‐making 2.Describe various tools and techniques that

Exercise

Reflect independently on this instruction:

Describe the culture of your board in 3 words or less.

Page 10: Tools and Techniques for Effective Board Decision‐Making...Our Objectives 1.Identify common pitfalls related to board decision‐making 2.Describe various tools and techniques that

A Culture of Inquiry*Exceptional boards institutionalize a culture of inquiry, mutual respect, and constructive debate that leads to sound and shared 

decision making.

• Seek more information, question assumptions, and challenge simple conclusions

• Draw on multiple sources of information and different perspectives, and ensure all voices heard

• Deliberate differently in the boardroom• Be conscious of diverse cultural styles while making decisions

*The Source: Twelve Principles of Governance that Power Exceptional Boards, BoardSource, 2005. 

Page 11: Tools and Techniques for Effective Board Decision‐Making...Our Objectives 1.Identify common pitfalls related to board decision‐making 2.Describe various tools and techniques that

Culture of Inquiry

Is an environment where board members:

• Solicit and explore divergent views in a respectful manner  

• Have equal access to information • Question assumptions • Are willing to gather relevant information to inform decisions 

• Voice their concerns before reaching a collective decision

• Trust and can be vulnerable with each other

• Value teamwork and dialogue

Is not:• Endlessly questioning every issue or recommendation brought to the board 

• Meddling • A culture of indecision and avoidance

Page 12: Tools and Techniques for Effective Board Decision‐Making...Our Objectives 1.Identify common pitfalls related to board decision‐making 2.Describe various tools and techniques that

Fostering a Culture of Inquiry

• Questions are welcomed• Differing viewpoints are actively sought after and respected• Unwritten rules are explained• Information is openly shared with all• Real issues are confronted and addressed• Ambiguity can be tolerated for complex issues• There is a high degree of accountability• Outside viewpoints and expertise are consulted

Page 13: Tools and Techniques for Effective Board Decision‐Making...Our Objectives 1.Identify common pitfalls related to board decision‐making 2.Describe various tools and techniques that

2. Clarify the real issue on the table

Page 14: Tools and Techniques for Effective Board Decision‐Making...Our Objectives 1.Identify common pitfalls related to board decision‐making 2.Describe various tools and techniques that

“The main thing is figuring out the main thing.”

‐ Richard Chait, Professor of Education, Harvard Graduate School of Education

Page 15: Tools and Techniques for Effective Board Decision‐Making...Our Objectives 1.Identify common pitfalls related to board decision‐making 2.Describe various tools and techniques that

Issues Are Often Embedded in the Presenting Statement

• A local social service agency• Stated problem: high level of voluntary turnover of staff• The real issue: do we offer a quality work place?

• A food bank:• Stated problem: increased community need• The real issue: should we focus on hunger prevention or self‐sustainable strategies rather than solely providing food?

• An art museum: • Stated problem: opportunity to purchase a prized and expensive work of art

• The real issue: are we about owning art or displaying art?

Page 16: Tools and Techniques for Effective Board Decision‐Making...Our Objectives 1.Identify common pitfalls related to board decision‐making 2.Describe various tools and techniques that

3. Engage in your generative and strategic work

Page 17: Tools and Techniques for Effective Board Decision‐Making...Our Objectives 1.Identify common pitfalls related to board decision‐making 2.Describe various tools and techniques that

The Original Problem

Classical

Diagnosis Problem of performance

Response Codify board’s role, clarify tasks.

Objective Do the work better.

Reframe

Diagnosis Problem of purpose.

Response Enrich the job, engage the board.

Objective Do better work.

Page 18: Tools and Techniques for Effective Board Decision‐Making...Our Objectives 1.Identify common pitfalls related to board decision‐making 2.Describe various tools and techniques that

The Governance Triangle

Governance as Leadership

Fiduciary

Generative

Strategic

Page 19: Tools and Techniques for Effective Board Decision‐Making...Our Objectives 1.Identify common pitfalls related to board decision‐making 2.Describe various tools and techniques that

Core Practices

The board must:• Institutionalize a culture of inquiry* where mutual respect and constructive debate lead to sound and shared decision making.

• Ask good, and sometime tough, questions. How a question is asked has everything to do with the conversation that follows. 

• Re‐design meeting agendas to focus on that which is most important, and to ensure the board is working appropriately in all three modes.

• Engage in these modes in constructive partnership* with the chief executive and senior staff. 

*The Source: Twelve Principles of Governance that Power Exceptional Boards, BoardSource, 2005. 

Page 20: Tools and Techniques for Effective Board Decision‐Making...Our Objectives 1.Identify common pitfalls related to board decision‐making 2.Describe various tools and techniques that

3 Modes of Governance

I. Fiduciary.  Stewardship of tangible assets. Oversee operations; deploy resources 

wisely; ensure legal and financial integrity; monitor results.

II. Strategic.  Partner with senior staff to scan internal & external environments; 

design & modify strategic plans; strengthen comparative advantage.

III. Generative. Source of leadership to discern, frame, and confront challenges 

rooted in values, traditions, and beliefs; engage in sense‐making,  meaning‐making, 

and problem framing. 

Page 21: Tools and Techniques for Effective Board Decision‐Making...Our Objectives 1.Identify common pitfalls related to board decision‐making 2.Describe various tools and techniques that

Generative Thinking

• Places current challenges in new light. • Perceives and frames “better” problems and opportunities.• Recognizes organizations are not always rational.• Discovers strategies, priorities, & “realities.”• Suspends the rules of logic to tap intuition and intellectual playfulness.

• Encourages robust discourse not quick consensus.

Page 22: Tools and Techniques for Effective Board Decision‐Making...Our Objectives 1.Identify common pitfalls related to board decision‐making 2.Describe various tools and techniques that

Case Study

At its retreat, following an examination of governance and a board self‐assessment, the board of directors of the 

Southwestern Vermont Medical Center focused on the “triple‐helix” question: “Should the hospital become affiliated or 

consolidated with a larger system?”

Identify the questions the board might ask in order to explore this critical issue. Be sure to identify questions in all 3 modes.  

Page 23: Tools and Techniques for Effective Board Decision‐Making...Our Objectives 1.Identify common pitfalls related to board decision‐making 2.Describe various tools and techniques that

Why Is Generative Work So Important?

• Brings deeper meaning to our work• Deepens our understanding of why something matters• Clarifies deeply held values• Challenges us to go beyond what is presented and get to the real issue

• Is the most underutilized aspect of a board’s work so it offers great possibilities to most boards

• Leads to discovery and breakthroughs• Informs our strategic and fiduciary work

Page 24: Tools and Techniques for Effective Board Decision‐Making...Our Objectives 1.Identify common pitfalls related to board decision‐making 2.Describe various tools and techniques that

Bringing Generative Thinking into the Boardroom

Generative Thinking

Framing

Cues & Clues

Discussion & Dialogue

Silent Starts

Boundary Work

Dominant Narrative

Catalytic Questions

Retrospective Thinking

EmbeddedIssues

Page 25: Tools and Techniques for Effective Board Decision‐Making...Our Objectives 1.Identify common pitfalls related to board decision‐making 2.Describe various tools and techniques that

Are You Having a Discussion or Dialogue*

DISCUSSIONS• Different views are presented and defended.

• Decisions are made.• Convergence on a conclusion or course of action occurs.

• Action is often the focus of the discussion.

DIALOGUES• Different views are presented as a means of discovering a new view.

• Complex issues are explored.• Divergence—not seeking agreement, but a richer grasp of the issues—is the goal.

• New actions emerge as a byproduct of dialogue.

*Flipping the Boardroom for Trustee Engagement: Why and How, Cathy Trower, Trusteeship, AGB.

Page 26: Tools and Techniques for Effective Board Decision‐Making...Our Objectives 1.Identify common pitfalls related to board decision‐making 2.Describe various tools and techniques that

Catalytic Questions

• What will be most strikingly different about our health center in 5 years? • What are we most resistant to, and why?• On what list do we want to rank #1?• What is our greatest hope for how our health center will be in 10 years?• What if our reserves quadrupled tomorrow? What would we do differently? What would the board spend its time on?

• What are our 3 greatest assets (other than our staff)? Now, name 2 hidden or underutilized assets.

• What is most distinctive about our health center? Is that quality/service becoming more or less valuable in the world in which we work?

Page 27: Tools and Techniques for Effective Board Decision‐Making...Our Objectives 1.Identify common pitfalls related to board decision‐making 2.Describe various tools and techniques that

Opportunities for Generative Thinking 

• Intentionally tee up generative discussions prior to:• Any significant decision or one that will be long lasting• Strategic planning• Consideration of merger, acquisition, or expansion• Leadership transition

Page 28: Tools and Techniques for Effective Board Decision‐Making...Our Objectives 1.Identify common pitfalls related to board decision‐making 2.Describe various tools and techniques that

Step 4: Tools to Support Effective Decision‐Making

• Strategically‐crafted meeting agendas• Place the most important items and discussions early in the agenda• Customize agendas (i.e., length, focus) to address priority issues

• The silent start• Brings candid thoughts to the board table• All participants have an equal voice

• Small group discussions• Some find it easier to engage in discussions in a small group

• The 5‐finger straw poll• Get a quick sense of the various opinions at the board table

• The “what if?” approach• Challenge current thinking by flipping the issue upside‐down

• Prioritize• Narrow the options and then go into greater depth on pros and cons of each option

What tools do you use in 

your boardroom?

Page 29: Tools and Techniques for Effective Board Decision‐Making...Our Objectives 1.Identify common pitfalls related to board decision‐making 2.Describe various tools and techniques that

5. Use strategies to drive great decision‐making

Page 30: Tools and Techniques for Effective Board Decision‐Making...Our Objectives 1.Identify common pitfalls related to board decision‐making 2.Describe various tools and techniques that

Obstacles to Great Decision‐MakingObstacle Strategies to Overcome Obstacles

Lack of authenticity/Culture of politeness Model and invite candor and openness in the boardroom; specifically ask if anyone has a different opinion

Lack of meaningful data/information or not understanding the implications of the data/information 

Prior to addressing an important issue, explicitly discuss what data/information would help prepare the board for the discussion(s)

Meeting agendas block rather than tee up important discussions

Place important issues early on agenda; inform the board explicitly in advance about the upcoming discussion and why it is important

‘Group think’/Lack of diversity in the boardroom Diversify your board to avoid falling into ‘group think’; invite directors to identify 3 possible options

Mental maps Discuss what they are and the fact that we all have them; ask: ‘does anyone see this in a different way?’

Resistance to change Sometimes best addressed 1‐on‐1 off line; explore what the resistance is really about

Page 31: Tools and Techniques for Effective Board Decision‐Making...Our Objectives 1.Identify common pitfalls related to board decision‐making 2.Describe various tools and techniques that

Reflection

Which new 2‐4 tools or techniques will you bring into your boardroom? 

Page 32: Tools and Techniques for Effective Board Decision‐Making...Our Objectives 1.Identify common pitfalls related to board decision‐making 2.Describe various tools and techniques that

Questions?

Page 33: Tools and Techniques for Effective Board Decision‐Making...Our Objectives 1.Identify common pitfalls related to board decision‐making 2.Describe various tools and techniques that

Susan S. MeierMeier and Associates

[email protected]

This project is supported by the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) as part of an award totaling $6,375,000 financed with non‐governmental sources. The contents are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the official views of, nor an 

endorsement, by HRSA, HHS, or the U.S. Government. For more information, please visit HRSA.gov.

Page 34: Tools and Techniques for Effective Board Decision‐Making...Our Objectives 1.Identify common pitfalls related to board decision‐making 2.Describe various tools and techniques that

NACHC Resources – access on the Health Center Resources Clearinghouse (https://www.healthcenterinfo.org) or MyNACHC (http://mylearning.nachc.com) 

• COMING SOON! NACHC Governance Guide for Health Center Boards‒ Chapter 2: Strategic Board Composition, Recruitment, Orientation, and Engagement ‒ Chapter 7: CEO Oversight and Partnership 

• Essential Guides to Sustainability, Succession and Transition Planning‒ Part 2: Executive Succession Planning Guide

• NEW RESOURCE! CEO Succession and Transition: A Case Study on Extended CEO Transition at East Boston Neighborhood Health Center (available in English and Spanish) 

• Governing Board Succession Planning: A Case Study on Cherry Health (available in English and Spanish)

• Recorded Webinars: Board Succession; Board Chair Succession; The Board’s Role in CEO Succession

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Additional Resources

Page 35: Tools and Techniques for Effective Board Decision‐Making...Our Objectives 1.Identify common pitfalls related to board decision‐making 2.Describe various tools and techniques that

Reminder! 

In‐person Attendees• Have your badge scanned!• Complete the evaluation in the App

Virtual Attendees• Complete the evaluation online/via Digitell

In App: Tap on External Survey to complete the evaluation.

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