Textiles and Clothing

Std 10 2014-15

H SC Facilitator :Jasmina S

LAUNDERING OF CLOTHES

Laundering involves washing, drying,finishing and storing

Two Processes:Washing –to remove stain and dirtFinishing-restoring its lustre and crispnessIf they are not laundered properly they

loose their durability and colour

Principle of laundering

• Process of removing dirt from fabrics• Process of finishing to restore the

original colour ,quality and maintain the durability of the fabrics

Methods• Sorting• Preparation• Steeping• Washing• Rinsing• Starching and Blueing• Drying• Finishing• Storage of clothes• Dry Cleaning

Sorting

• Fibre Type :cotton ,silk, wood, synthetic material• Use: Personal separated from

household linen• Color: Dark separated from white• Degree of dirt: Heavy soiled garment

from light soiled garments

Preparation

• Mend and repair all tear• Replace buttons• Remove stains• Turn the garment inside out• Sort the clothes acc to their fibre,

color,texture

Enamel bowls and basins

• Various purpose• Starching• Blueing• Washing small and delicate articles

Scrubbing brushes and boards

• Made of wood with wooden frame work• Usually 12 inches width and 18 inches in length• Strip stops half way the length• Board is placed in the tub such that bottom

touches the water in the tub ,other end rest at the waist.

• Article is placed on this and soaped, rubbed up and down

• Soft bristled brush is used to scrub it clean.

Suction Washer

• Consist of 2 parts• Top part is wooden hand• Bottom part is the washer-hollow inside and

has holes all over its broad base, requires special care.

• Articles are placed in the basin full of soap solution ,the washer is worked up and down on the clothes

Drying racks ,cloth lines ,pegs or cloth pins

• Out door drying is possible all the year round.• Drying racks , and clothes to be placed as per

convenience.• Clothes pins are used to hold the clothes on

the line to prevent it from dust and dirt

Iron , Ironing board or tables

• Finishing the laundry clothes• Many varieties are available-Electric Iron ,

Charcoal Iron-wt and designs• Iron boards –removes fatigue and improves

efficiency • Board ht should be adjustable –members of

the family.

Steeping

• Soak in soap solution• Use of warm water-loosens dirt, removes

stain, starch of previous laundering is softened• Use clean plastic bucket• Light clothes to be soaked for 10 mins• Dirty for 30 mins

Washing

• Essential factors in the process of cleaning is the solvent to remove grease and application of pressure

• Four ways of applying pressure1 Application of friction:• Hand rubbing- Friction is applied when there is

less stain on small articles and lightly soiled• Scrubbing by brush• Rubbing and scrubbing

Application of pressure

2 Application of light pressure:Applied on light fabrics soaked in soap water

through squeezing. Continue till lather left disappears (indicates presence of dirt)

Heavy soiled can be brushed with soft brush

Application of pressure

3 Application of suction• Small and large fabrics can be washed • Method: Cloth is seeped in soap soln and

suction washer is worked up and down to remove dirt

• Saves time and labour

Application of Pressure

4) Use of Washing Machine

• Cloth is agitated in a soap solution by

revolving . Rinsing is done

• Labour saving device• High cost

Rinsing

• Cloth is rinsed after washing –plenty of hot ,clear soft water • Cold water hardens the soap and

makes it difficult to remove dirt• Retains whiteness of the fabric• Rinse clothes 2-3 times in clean

water

Starching and blueing/bluing

• Clothes are starched for the purpose of keeping them clean longer , also to give them a fresher and newer appearance

• 1 quart boiling water. 1 ½ tablespoonfuls of starch.• ½. teaspoonful of borax.• ½ teaspoonful of white wax or fat.• Mix the starch with a little cold water. Then add the borax

and fat. Pour boiling water over this mixture and boil gently for about ten minutes or until it becomes almost transparent. Starch should be strained to prevent lumps and should be used while hot

Starching and blueing

• On white cotton and linen clothes are blued • Water containing starch and blues should be

stirred well –streaks and patches• Cloth shd be squeezed inside water with

hands

Drying

• Cotton and linen – SUN• Clothes turned upside down• Moisture to be squeezed with hands • Straightened and smoothened

FINISHING

• Ironing: Process of running hot iron with forward and backward movement on the cloth to remove crease

• Cotton cloth-dampened before ironing • Right and wrong side • Attention –pleats, collar, frills etc• Damp muslin cloth on woollen fabrics• Silk-less of ironing, no water to be sprinkled

Ironing

• Pressing: Placing hot iron on the creased surface and lifting it OFF and ON on the creased surface –no forward backward movement

• Dry pressing done on dry clothes and wet pressing over moist muslin cloth over the garment eg woollen

• Non automatic iron-traditional eg electricity and coal

• Automatic iron-lighter in wt and works on electricity. Regulates temp

Steaming

• Utilized for fabrics which have piled weaving eg Velvet and velveteen• Pile is neither ironed nor pressed for removing

wrinkles• On a gas stove or heater, water is boiled in a

kettle . Damp article before it gets totally dry, is held before the jet of the steam coming out of the nozzle and it removes the wrinkles

Calendering

• Commercial scale• Straight piece of cloth (not stitched) is

moistened and passed between 2 large heated metal rollers which rotates continuously in the opposite direction.

• The heat and pressure of the metal rollers removes the wrinkles from the fabric

• Textile mills-cloth is manufactured

Ironing

• Used on cotton , silk and synthetic fabrics• Different fabrics have different heat resistance

hence iron has to be heated at different temp• Synthetic clothes need very less heat to crease

out the wrinkles.• Cotton and linen are ironed at high temp• Precaution: Maintain appropriate temp -turn

yellow /scorched (damage the texture)/burnt

DRY CLEANING

• Dry cleaning (or dry-cleaning) is any cleaning process for clothing and textiles using a chemical solvent rather than water.

• Principles: to remove dirt from fabrics without using

water restore the durability lustre, shine and color

of the fabric

Dry Cleaning Solvents and Absorbents

• Solvents –help to remove oily stains and easily absorbed by the fabric.

• Liquids and evaporates quickly• Solvents : Petrol, Benzene, Methylated - spirit,

Mineral turpentine, carbon tetrachloride• They are highly inflammable –use with special

care

Dry Cleaning-Absorbent

Absorbent : Dry powder :fuller’s earth ,french chalk, talcum

powder, salt, bran , sulfur, baked flour, bread crumbs, etc

Used –heavily soiled parts like collars, cuffs,light color

Methods and Principles of DC

• Sorting :Color, Use, Garments • Color: White colored separated from dark

colored• Use: Draperies are separated from daily use

clothes• Garments: brushed well to remove all loose

particles of dirt

Cleaning

• Clothes-Dry cleaning cylinder• Delicate clothes are put in net bags• Solvent is flowed through perforated drums

into the garment

Advantages and Disadvantages of DC

Advantages• Soft fabrics ,pile fabrics ,crisp fabrics are

drycleaned successfully without damage• Pleated and set garments retain their shape

and size after dry cleaning• No effect on natural or special finishes given

to the fabric

Dry Cleaning

Disadvantages• Expensive Process• Solvents create air pollution• Most solvents are inflammable • Special care, skill and equipment are required

for its handling• Solvents cannot remove water soluble dirt and

stains

Things learnt

• Principles of laundry• Laundry equipments• 10 Methods of laundry –sorting, preparation,

steeping, washing, rinsing, starching and bluing, drying, finishing, storing.

• Dry cleaning-Principles, advantages and disadvantages, Solvents and absorbents