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TOPIC 06

ACCESS & RESEARCH ETHICSLECTURER: THANG NGUYEN @ FSB HANOI

BASED ON: SAUNDERS ET AL(2012)

RESEARCH METHODS FOR BIZ STUDENTS

Dissertation

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OUTLINE

Types of access

Traditional access

Internet-mediated access

Strategies to gain access

Research ethics

Ethics issues at research stages

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TYPES OF ACCESS

BUSINESS & MGMT RESEARCH

Human participants => ethical concerns

Primary/secondary data: access

4 types of access

1) Traditional: face-to-face, phone,

correspondence, data archives

2) Internet-mediated: virtual access

3) Intranet-mediated: virtual access in company

4) Hybrid: traditional & internet-mediated

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TRADITIONAL ACCESS

LEVELS OF ACCESS

Physical/virtual: first level, difficult access

Continuing: more than once

Cognitive: acceptance, trust, consent

ACCESS IN GENERALIntrusive methods: difficulty in access

Negotiating access: to gain personal entry into

an organizationFeasibility: practicality

Sufficiency: extent of access

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TRADITIONAL ACCESS

FEASIBILITY & SUFFICIENCY

Help refine research question & objectives

External researcher: negotiate access

Internal/participant researcher: conflicts

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INTERNET-MEDIATED ACCESS

TYPES

Both quantitative & qualitative data collection

Questionnaires

Experiments

Interviews

Group discussions

Online: email, IM, MSN Messenger, Facebook

Mode: email, interviews, webcam, blogs

Hybrid access strategy: traditional & internet

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STRATEGIES TO GAIN ACCESS

STRATEGIES

Be familiar with organizations

Allow sufficient time

Use existing and develop new contacts: p221

Provide clear purposes & objectives

Overcome concerns: time, sensitivity, identifyconfidentiality, anonymity

State possible benefits to organization

Use suitable language

Facilitate replies

Use incremental access: Box 6.6 p218

Establish credibility, Box 6.10 Checklist p227

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RESEARCH ETHICS

RESEARCH ETHICS

In designing & planning your research

Seek access to organizations & individuals

Collect, analyse, manage, report data

Protect rights of those becoming your subjects

SOCIAL NORM

Type of behavior researcher should take

In reality: a range of ethical positionsDeontological view: rule-based

Teleological view: consequence-based

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RESEARCH ETHICS

CODES OF ETHICS

List of principles of ethical research & ethical

standards

Ethical dilemmas: implicit or explicit => choice

Table 6.2 p228: more references

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RESEARCH ETHICS

ETHICAL PRINCIPLES

Integrity & objectivity

Respect

Avoidance of harm

Privacy protection

Voluntary participation & optional withdrawals

Informed consent

Confidentiality & anonymity

Responsibility in data analysis & result reports

Compliance in data management

Safety of researcher

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RESEARCH ETHICS

ISSUES IN INTERNET-MEDIATED

RESEARCH

Scope for deception

Lacking respect & causing harm

Respecting privacy

Nature of participation & scope to withdraw

Informed consent

Confidentiality & anonymity

Data analysis & finding reporting

Management of data

Safety of researcher

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ETHICS ISSUES AT RESEARCH STAGES

STAGES OF RESEARCH

Formulating & clarifying research topic

Designing research & gaining access

Collecting data

Processing & storing data

Analysing data & reporting findings