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Science 9 Unit 2 pack: Reproduction

Ch 4: The Nucleus

Ch 5: Mitosis

Ch 6: Meiosis

Name______________________________

Students will develop an

understanding of the

processes of cell division as

they pertain to reproduction.

1

Section 4.1: The Function of the Nucleus within the Cell

Pages________ By the end of section 4.1 you should be able to understand the following:

� Chromosomes contain genes that store the information to make proteins � Chromosomes are found within the nucleus of the cell � Proteins control the activities of cells � Ribosomes make proteins by using the message carried from the nucleus by RNA

Words to

Know Drawing Definition/Description/Function

DNA

chromosome

gene

nucleolus

nucleus

chromatin

2

Words to

Know Drawing Definition/Description/Function

protein

(No Drawing)

ribosome

NOTES 1. Draw and label a plant cell with the above parts (excepting protein).

2. How does DNA contribute to the role

of the nucleus as the control centre of the cell?

3. What is the role of genes in protein

production in the cell?

3

Section 4.2: Mutation Pages____________

By the end of section 4.2 you should be able to understand the following:

� Gene mutations can change the order of DNA bases � Gene mutations can have positive, negative or neutral effects on an organism � Mutations can occur spontaneously during DNA replication, or can be caused by mutagens � Gene therapy is a method of mutation correction

Words to Know Definition Example

gene mutation

gene therapy

mutagen

negative

mutation

neutral

mutation

positive

mutation

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1. What are the types

of gene mutations?

Define each and include an example.

2. What are the different

possible effects of mutation?

3. What is a mutagen?

Give three examples.

4. Create a flow chart to describe the steps

involved in gene therapy.

5

Section 5.1: The Cell Cycle and Mitosis Pages ______

By the end of section 5.1 you should be able to understand the following:

� There are three stages to the cell cycle � Mitosis has four phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase � Checkpoint proteins govern whether or not the cell cycle proceeds � Checkpoint protein errors can result in cancer

Words to

Know Definition

cancer

cell cycle

cytokinesis

interphase

mitosis

replication

spindle fibres

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1. Name and draw each stage of the cell cycle

ANNNNND… Describe what happens during each stage.

3. What is cytokinesis

and why is it important?

4. a) Describe what is

meant by a checkpoint in the cell cycle.

b) What might happen if

there were no checkpoint proteins?

c) Under what 3

circumstances will a checkpoint protein order

the repair or destruction of a cell?

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2. Name and describe the four stages of mitosis

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Section 5.2: Asexual Reproduction Pages___________

By the end of section 5.2 you should be able to understand the following:

Words to Know Definition

___________________ A. identical genetic copy of a parent

___________________ B. requires only one parent to reproduce

___________________ C. single-celled organism replicates its genetic material and divides in two

___________________ D. an outgrowth of an individual that develops into a

new individual

___________________ E. parts that break off due to injury and develop into new individuals

___________________ F. plants use special cells that form structures which develop into an identical plant

___________________ G. produced by fungi, these develop into new

organisms by mitosis

___________________ H. cells that have the potential to become many different types of cells

� Asexual reproduction produces offspring genetically identical to the parent � There are several forms of asexual reproduction, including fission, budding, fragmentation, vegetative,

and spore formation � Cloning methods can be used to produce organisms with desired traits

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1. Name and describe

the 5 types of asexual reproduction.

Include an example

And a drawing for each.

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2 a) What are the

advantages of asexual reproduction?

List as many as

possible.

b) What are the

disadvantages of asexual reproduction?

List as many as

possible.

3. What are two types

of cloning, and how are they done?

11

Section 6.1: Meiosis Pages_____

By the end of section 6.1 you should be able to understand the following: � Meiosis produces gametes with half the number of chromosomes as body cells � Meiosis occurs in two parts, meiosis I and meiosis II � Meiosis creates variation in organisms through the shuffling of genetic information in meiosis I � Mutations can occur during meiosis and can cause genetic disorders

Words to Know Definition

diploid number

embryo

fertilization

gametes

genetic diversity

haploid number

homologous chromosomes

sexual reproduction

zygote

1. What is the difference

between haploid and diploid?

2. What is the difference

between a gamete and an embryo?

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3. Name, draw, label, and describe the different stages of meiosis. (see p. 199)

1.

2.

3.

4.

5. Interkinesis

6.

7.

8.

9.

10. Cytokinesis

Meiosis I

Meiosis II

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4. a) What is crossing over?

b) How does crossing over affect the results

of meiosis I?

5. a) What is independent assortment?

b) How does

independent assortment affect the

results of meiosis I?

c) how many different zygotes are possible

from one egg and sperm?

6. What 3 things can

happen to a

chromosome to cause a chromosome

mutation during meiosis?

Draw examples for

each.

5. What is a karyotype

and how is it performed?

14

Section 6.2: Sexual Reproduction Pages_________

By the end of section 6.2 you should be able to understand the following: � Mating, fertilization, and development are the stages of sexual reproduction � Fertilization in sexual reproduction can occur internally or externally � Embryonic development is the early development of an organism

Words to Know Definition

differentiation

embryonic development

external fertilization

internal fertilization

mating

1. What are the 3

stages of sexual reproduction?

Describe what

happens in each stage.

2. Name and describe

the two methods of fertilization.

Give an example for

each.

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3. What are the

advantages and disadvantages of

external fertilization?

Give an example for each point.

Advantages Disadvantages

4. What are the

advantages and disadvantages of

internal fertilization?

Give an example for

each point.

Advantages Disadvantages

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5. Draw and describe

The following stages of embryonic

development. (Be sure to mention if

there is cell specialization)

a) zygote:

b) 4 Cell Stage

c) 8 Cell Stage

d) morula

e) blastula

5. Name the three

trimesters.

For each, state which developments

occur at this time.

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3. What are the

advantages and disadvantages of

sexual reproduction?

Give an example for

each point.

Advantages Disadvantages