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Sample Copy. Not For Distribution.

i

English Language

And

Personality


ii

Publishing-in-support-of,

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© Copyright, 2018, Anil Prakash

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, manual, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written consent of its writer.

ISBN: 978-1-5457-2974-8

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Printed in India


iii

English Language

And

Personality

Anil Prakash

EDUCREATION PUBLISHING (Since 2011)

www.educreation.in


iv


v

To

My Parent


vi

FOREWORD

Sri Anil Prakash has taken great pains to write this book on English

Grammar keeping in view the needs of the Indian students for whom

English is a second Language. He has combined grammar with

communicative needs of the learners. Therefore, this book is bound to be

very useful for both teachers and the students. Anil Prakash has kept

away from the cumbersome method of overemphasis on the intricate

rules and exceptions. He has presented the rules of English Grammar

with clarity. Moreover, He has given a variety of exercises for students of

different levels. He has not only covered the needed aspects of English

Grammar in the Indian context but has also given various types of

examples and exercises which will be of great help for school, college

and competitive examinations.

Dr. Shaileshwar Sati Prasad

M.A. (B.U.)

M. A. in ESL (WALES)

Ph. D. (P.U.)

Former Head of the Deptt. of

English

PATNA UNIVERSITY,

PATNA.


vii

PREFACE

The rapid growth and advancement in technology and computerization in

India has led to economic globalization. In this scenario student aspiring

to get a decent job, must necessarily commit themselves to learning

English language with all its nuances. Being a global language English

with such rich texture and content presents some unique difficulties to

those approaching it as a second language. Though there are plenty of

study materials and books catering to young men and women in their

quest for perfect grasp of English language, somehow perfection remains

elusive. The gap is immensely permeable for serious and intelligent

experimentation to train young minds in English language.

This book is also a well-intentioned experiment keeping the special

needs of the Indian students. As a text book it is intended to be useful for

students wanting to learn how to write and speak good English. This is

not a book of English grammar, but the grammar has been interwoven

with communicative skills. The systematic presentation of structured

sentences will make a student understand how's and why's of spoken and

the written beauty of the language. The myriad approach undertaken to

simplify usage of English will prove very useful for beginners as well

those who have already acquired some degree of knowledge of the

language.

I am grateful to Sri. S.C. Jha Asst.Director, Employment, Govt. of

Jharkhand, Jamshedpur, for his immense encouragement. I am also

deeply indebted to my close friends Sri. Krishna kumar, Sri. Anand

Madhukar Singh and Sri.Binod kumar without whom the manuscript

would not ever have taken the shape of a book.


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PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION

About five years ago, I published ‘100 Days to Master English’ book to educate English language. That book was soon out of print, but I refused to have it reprinted because the welcome accorded to that effort emboldened me to start preparing a skillfully elaborated and comprehensive book to teach students English language with its diversity and effective communication skills. I’ve also introduced a new chapter, personality development- a unique well informative and practical approach, make it worthwhile for all its readers, whether parent, student or teacher as well as the professional. I deeply feel that the personality development programme must be included within the course of study at the school, college and university as it is the only means of translating the study or learning effectively into the career as well social and professional life.

This second edition is fully revised and enlarged as well as equipped with various efficient and beneficial things and chapters, like, Personality Development, Communication Skill, Interview technique, etc. For the readers of different class and purposes it will certainly be useful.

Now I have changed the name to this book as “English Language

and Personality”. The title, I think justifies the book well and proper.


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INDEX

Chapter Page

PART – I

Making of Sentences 1-44

Sentence, Clause, Phrase, Word, Determiner

Subject, Type of subject, Subject and Verb Agreement,

Some collective nouns

Verb to Be, to Have, Do And Modals,

Tense 45-68

Present Tense

Past Tense

Future Tense

Voice 69-78

Causative 79-81

Verb Characteristic 82-86

The Various Kind of Expression 87-102

Condition and Supposition

Uncertainty and Probability

Power and Ability, Doubts and Probability

Request and Permission

Duty and Proposal

Order and Advice

Request and Proposal

Expression of Feeling or Emotion & Interjections

PART – II

Article and Its Usage 103-107

Use of There and It 108-110


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How with Infinitive & Infinitive 111-112

Question and Enquiries 113-119

Narration and Statement 120-124

Use of ‘for & Infinitive’ 125-126

Preposition 127-132

Possessive Pronoun and Adjectives 133-135

Adjective 136-145

Some words we should know

Formation of Comparative and superlative

Formation of Adjective

The use of Noun or Pronoun 146-148

Relative Pronouns 149-152

Conjunctions and Its usage 153-163

Miscellaneous Words and Expressions

164-168

PART – III

Communication

Process of Communication

The Factors Affecting Oral Communication

How To Deal With The Audience

Preparation For Presentation

Some Practical Guide To Your Communication

169-183

Letter Writing (A written Communication) 184-232

Social Letters

Business Letters

Official Letters

Applications

Notices, Agenda and Minutes

The Verbal Communication 233-278

The Dialogue Writing and Conversation Exercise

Short Conversation Practice

Some Useful Sentences, How to Tell Time,

Date and Day. Common Words or Phrases Often

Use in Speaking. Question and Answer. Miscellaneous


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Statements. Idioms and Phrases common in communication

Proverbs of Every Day Use

personality development 279-301

How to Develop Your Personality

Balance Your Personality

Develop Your Self-Confidence

Inferiority Complex–A Personality Disorder

Strengthen Your Memory

Appendices 302-326

Interview Group Discussion and Public Speaking

Attitude at the Workplace

Don’t Worry be happy

Tips for Impressive Personality

The Words Often Confuse you

Phrasal Verbs


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English Language and Personality

1

PART – I

MAKING OF SENTENCES

In ancient time early human though they didn’t have very advance

and flourishing language as today we have, used to communicate

through some symbolical sounds of definite pattern, facial expression

and beck. Sometimes they depicted some events by frescos, was

documentation of their live, experiences, etc. Their ability to repeat

emblematic sounds and great endeavour to make language more

prosperous every coming day for their time may gradually have enriched

the language. Today the powerful and well developed tongue we use is

aftermath of the colossal effort of our ancestors. It has come after many

alteration and exaltation in the vast span of prehistoric and historical

time. In view of today’s researchers, the music and humming of early

man may have opened the Avenue for evolution of language.

Language is the means of speaking or writing. We use sentences

and sometimes a word in communication. If you imagine the language as

a human, its whole body is sentence, words are organs, alphabets are

cells, idea is blood, communication is respiration and creativity is soul.

Hence you may say the sentence is an entity of any language. Creativity,

idea and communication are important as well as vital aspects of a

language. In absence of these it will die.

Sentences are means of communication, expression, description,

and conveying ideas. When the words are arranged in a systematic

fashion, give rise to a meaningful sentence, like-

Sudhanshu swam across the river yesterday.

Thus, a group of words like it, makes complete sense is sentence. It

is also noteworthy here that the word is made up of alphabets. The

alphabets are the basic and primary symbols of any language.

According to sense the sentences are grouped as-

(1) Declarative or Assertive sentences are those which make

assertions or statements may be affirmative or negative, e.g.-

Mira sings a song.

He told me, he was down with fever.

I don’t go there.


Anil Prakash

2

(2) Interrogative sentences are those which ask question, like-

What are you doing?

Who is there?

Is anybody hearing me?

(3) Imperative sentences, that express commands, requests or

entreaties, as-

Alok, come here. Be quiet. Bring water. Don’t move.

Please, carry my basket. Would you go with me?

Have pity on us. Please forgive me. Have mercy upon these children.

(4) Exclamatory Sentences, through which one express his (strong)

feeling, as-

How hot today is! What a dreadful act!

What shamelessness! What a shame!

May you be happy! Bravo! Well done.

May god help you!

It is needful here that you take notice. Every sentence has two parts.

One is subject; we are speaking about and other is a predicate tells

something about the subject. The imperative sentences are exceptional in

which the subject is left out, e.g.-

Here gets the story book.

Hawker sets his cart here.

Go back.

Namaskar your uncle. (Namaskar; a Indian style of salutation)

‘The Story Book’ and 'hawker' are the subjects and ‘here gets’ and

‘sets his cart here’ are predicates of first and second sentences. Third and

fourth sentences are imperative in which ‘you’ the subject is hidden and

not used.

Often, we use compound sentence; two or more independent

sentences (clauses) are joined to form it, or complex sentences; consist of

one independent clause, called main or principal clause and one or more

dependent clause, a subordinate clause, like-

Today is full moon night, and we shall cross the wood tonight.

Night came on, and we were at home and rain was falling incessantly.

The above sentences are compound; here two or more principal

clauses have joined by the co-ordinating conjunction ‘and’.


English Language and Personality

3

As the gladiators advanced into the arena, they would not allow them to

fight, a Roman story tells.

Above sentence is the example of complex sentence, here-

“A Roman story tells” is a principal clause, and

“As the gladiators --------------- arena," and “they would----------------to

fight”, are subordinate clauses.

Hence, the clause is such a group of words (sentence) which forms

part of a compound or complex sentence, and it is a complete sentence,

contain subject and predicate. It may be used as main or subordinate.

When it is a principal clause, it has a complete sense, otherwise as

subordinate it shows something lacking in it. It holds good only with

main clause, e.g.-

People who help others are generous.

We cannot start while it is raining.

Clause is classified further into Noun clause, Adjective clause and

Adverb clause according to its work in sentences, like-

I hope that she will win the match.(that she…; A noun clause)

He likes the girl most whose eyes are blue.(whose eyes…; An adjective

clause)

When he returned home wife heckled him with shower of questions

(when he…; An adverb clause)

Phrase is also a group of words, so, is it a clause? Although a

phrase is a group of words and as well makes some sense, but like a word

and not like a sentence because of lacking subject and predicate, such as-

in the room, where to go, pointed out, etc. are phrases. Hence, the phrase

is a group of words, which make sense, but not complete and unlike the

clause.

The following examples may clear the above view-

The sun rises IN THE EAST.

Phrase

Rachna has slept IN THE ROOM.

Phrase

Let us see the example below-

She has a ear-ring of platinum.

She has a ear-ring which is made of platinum.

Here, “of platinum” is a phrase and “which is made of platinum” is a

clause.

Word is a sound or group of sounds, a letter or group of letters

expressing an idea, like, beautiful, He, I, King, is, very, in, and, etc.

According to use words are of different kinds collectively known as

parts of speech. These are eight in number.


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