Welcome to

Management Risk Sources of Risk

Dr. Rahmat Ingkadijaya

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The World Tourism Organization (2003c) takes the view that risks to the safety and security of tourists, host

communities and tourism employees can originate from four source areas:

1. The human and institutional environment outside the tourism sector; 2. The tourism sector and related commercial sectors; 3. The individual traveller (personal risks); and 4. Physical or environmental risks (natural, climatic, epidemic).

1 The Human and Institutional Environment

The risks from the

human and institutional

environment exist

when visitors fall victim to:

Common delinquency (theft,

pick-pocketing, assault,

burglary, fraud, deception);

2 The Human and Institutional Environment

The risks from the human and institutional environment exist

when visitors fall victim to:

Indiscriminate and targeted violence (such as rape) and

harassment;

3 The Human and Institutional Environment

The risks from the human and institutional environment exist

when visitors fall victim to:

Organised crime (extortion, the slave trade, coercion);

http://images.wisegeek.com/young-man-pointing-gun-at-man-in-suit-who-is-using-a-phone.jpg

4 The Human and Institutional Environment

The risks from the human and institutional environment exist

when visitors fall victim to:

Terrorism and unlawful interference (attacks against state institutions and

the vital interests of the state), hijacking and hostage taking;

5 The Human and Institutional Environment

The risks from the human and institutional environment exist

when visitors fall victim to:

Wars, social conflicts and political and religious unrest;

6 The Human and Institutional Environment

The risks from the human and institutional environment exist

when visitors fall victim to:

A lack of public and institutional protection services

Through defective operationtourism and sectors related to

tourism such as transport,

sports and retail trade, can

endanger visitors'

personal security, physical

integrity and economic

interests through:

Poor safety standards in tourism

establishments (fire, construction errors,

lack of anti-seismic protection).

1

Poor sanitation and disrespect for the environment’s sustainability.

2

The absence of protection Against unlawful interference, crime and delinquency at tourism facilities;

3

Fraud in commercial transactions. 4

Non-compliance with contracts.

5

Strikes by staff

6

Travellers or visitors can

endanger their own safety and

security, and those of their

hosts by:

Individual Travellers

Practicing dangerous sports and leisure activities, dangerous driving, and consuming unsafe food and drink;

Individual Travellers

1

Travelling when in poor health, which deteriorates during the trip;

Individual Travellers 2

Causing conflict and friction with local residents, through inadequate behaviour towards the local communities or by

breaking local laws;

Individual Travellers

3

Carrying out illicit or criminal activities (e.g. trafficking in illicit drugs);

Individual Travellers

4

Visiting dangerous areas and Losing personal effects, documents, money, etc.,

through carelessness.

Individual Travellers

5

Are unaware of the natural characteristics of the destination, in particular its flora and fauna

Physical and Environmental Risks Finally, physical and

environmental damage can occur if travellers:

1

Are not medically prepared for the trip

(vaccinations, prophylaxis)

Physical and Environmental

Risks

2

Do not take the necessary precautions when consuming

food or drink and in their hygiene

Physical and Environmental Risks

3

Are exposed to dangerous situations arising from

the physical environment (natural disasters,

epidemics).

Physical and Environmental Risks

4