presentation proposal maz leena

8/14/2019 Presentation Proposal Maz Leena

1/57

DEPLOYMENT of CHAOS CONTROLin

WIRELESS NETWORK ENVIRONMENT

Ph.D Proposalby

MAZLEENA SALLEH

Supervisor

PROF DR AHMAD ZAKI ABU BAKAR

January 12, 2004


2/57

Presentation Outline

Part I Topic Proposal

Part IIReviews

Part IIIMethodology

Part IVDiscussion

Problem BackgroundProblem StatementResearch QuestionResearch Objective

Importance of the StudyWork Contributions

Theoretical FrameworkResearch Scope

Wireless NetworksChaos Control

Research PhasesInstrumentation

Data SourcesExpected Outcomes

Adaptive SolutionProposed DesignSurvey Results

Index


3/57


Part IIReviews

Part IIIMethodology

Part IVDiscussion

Problem Background

Problem StatementResearch QuestionResearch Objective


Theoretical FrameworkScope of Study


FrameworkResearch Phases

InstrumentationData Sources

Expected Outcomes


Index


4/57

Wireless Networks

Powerful machines, withlarge amounts of memoryand very fast processors.

High-bandwidth links,disconnections are due toeither explicitly performedor failures.

Static location, hosts canbe added, deleted ormoved

Wired Network

Limited capabilities: slow CPUspeed, little memory, low batterypower and small screen size.

Unpredictable disconnections isconsidered as a part of normalwireless communication.

Hosts may come and leavegenerally much more rapidly

Bandwidth and quality of thenetwork connection may vary greatly.

Host or User Base Station/Access Point

Index


5/57

Wireless Usage

In the context of Malaysiancommunity, IDCsurvey revealsthat 35 per centof Malaysiancompanies haveimplemented, orhave plans forimplementingwirelessapplications atthe enterpriselevel (Ting,2003).

14,000,000

16,000,000

12,000,000

10,000,000

8,000,000

6,000,000

4,000,000

2,000,000

0

Forecast of Users With Wireline Vs Wireless High-Speed Access,North America, 1998-2003

1998 1999 2000 20022001 2003

Wireline Wireless

Index


6/57

Support of multimedia services over wirelessnetworks presents a number of technicalchallenges.

Due to time-varying error characteristics andtime-varying channel capacity, the delivery of

hard quality of service guarantee is unlikely.

Multiness of types of components, highlyinterconnected, difficult to cognizes, and difficultto design and operate.

Dependence in the auto-correlation function whichcan span many time scales, and could potentially

have a dominant effect on traffic management of networks.

Adaptive techniques are very muchtight to the applications as well ashardware of the system.

Most adaptive systems are inherentlynonlinear and thus bifurcations andchaos in such systems are ofteninevitable.

Trigger rapid degradation to the delivered servicequality.

Change in network resources can result in a majorfluctuation in the availability of network resourcesreserved for the connection.

If a TCP protocol were to be used, the intermittentdisconnection du e to h andoff is interpreted as

Bandwidth of wireless media islimited by the available radiospectrum.

9600 bps per user. The wireless bandwidth cannot be

expanded infinitely.

The wireless media is asymmetric.

Problem Background

Wireless Bandwidth Mobility and Handoff

Real-time Multimedia Content and QoSSupport Complexity of Wired and Wireless Network Available Solutions

Index


7/57

Problem Statement

The characteristics of the wirelessenvironment such as limited bandwidth, anduser mobility as well as the complexity of thenetwork itself contributed to the instability of the traffic flow; thus reducing the throughputof the network. Various adaptive techniqueshave been proposed to overcome these issues

but these techniques lack the flexibility that isrequired to operate in the complex wirelessenvironment.

Index


8/57

Research Question

Can chaos control mechanism provide a stabletraffic flow and reliable connectivity in wireless

network?

i. What are the required parameters in modeling thebehavioral of traffic flow in wireless network?

ii. What is the appropriate chaos control mechanism that isneeded to handle the instability behavior of the trafficflow in wireless network?

iii. What is the acceptable degradation threshold of mobileservices/applications?

iv. What is the nature of damping parameter that is requiredto control the instability of traffic flow (bandwidth)?

Index


9/57

Research Hypothesis

Chaos control through bifurcation delaymentand stabilization can provide the traffic flow

control in wireless network and thus increase thethroughput and the performance through the

effective use of wireless bandwidth.

Index


10/57


11/57

Importance of the Study

Future Trend

Supportfor SmartNetworkResearch

Survivabilityof WirelessNetworks

Chaos Technology

To supportmultimediacommunicationthrough wirelesschannel.

Future network willmeet the needs of theuser requirements.

FutureTrend

Support foradaptive, dynamic,and smartnetworking to

respond to thechangingenvironment anddynamic networkingthrough the usage of

revolutionarymethods.

Supportfor SmartNetwork

Research

Always on dataconnection.

To meet a set of criteria, a definitionof acceptableperformanceSurvivability

of WirelessNetworks

To support the needfor real world globaldynamics usage.

ChaosTechnology

Index


12/57

Work Contributions

A new

application field forchaos technology

An alternative schemein implementingadaptive system

A time-varying traffic flow modelthat represent the channel characteristics,

that can yield optimal future control protocols.

Index


13/57

Theoretical Framework

Problem with TCP protocol with managingwireless traffic flow ( Vulupalaand Kumar, 2002 ).

Wireless network is a chaotic network: Random network Large amount of users, nodes and huge

data Event of failure can trigger a chaotic

environment Solution:

Delay or suppres s gra dually onset of chaosIndex
http://dynamicmobileipimprovingtcpperformance.pdf/http://dynamicmobileipimprovingtcpperformance.pdf/http://dynamicmobileipimprovingtcpperformance.pdf/http://dynamicmobileipimprovingtcpperformance.pdf/


14/57

Chaos Theory

CHAOSSYSTEM

Sensitive toinitial

condition D et er mi ni s m

Nonlinear

O r d e r

( S t r a n g e

A t t r a c

t o r )

Typical features of chaos system (Ditto and Munakata, 1995)

Long-term predictionis mostly impossible due tosensitivity to initial conditions

Index


15/57

Phase State Diagram,Strange Attractors,

Bifurcation

Index


16/57

Controlling Chaos

The idea is to apply appropriately designedminute perturbations to an accessible systemparameter that forces it to follow a desiredbehavior.

0 20 40 60 80 100

x

n

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

a)

control turned on

n

0 20 40 60 80 100

x n

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

x*

Index


17/57

Bifurcation

Delayment/Stabilization Assuming that we can mapped wireless system as

logistic map given as

x k +1 = f ( x k , r ) = r x k (1- x k )

where x is the flow of packet and r is the gain factorthat is a function of the bandwidth and networkcapacity.

Proposed solution to the problem of whenever thesystem converge to the bifurcation point, find a simple(probable linear) control sequence, { u k }, that will beadded to the system:

x k +1 = f ( x k , r ) = r x k (1- x k ) + u k

so as to stabilize the system. Index


18/57

Framework Model:Adaptive Wireless Network Flow

Control

WirelessInterface

Mobile Users

Wireless Connectivity

Wireless Network Knowledge Grabber

Wireless Network Chaotic Controller

Wired Connectivity

The wireless network

chaotic controller willrespond and react withnecessary computationto control thebandwidth and capacityof the wireless networkaccordingly to thedemand of theresources.

Function of network knowledge grabber

component is to capturethe network status.

The network parameterssuch as bandwidth andcapacity will be

measured and this willact as the input to thewireless network chaoticcontroller .

Index


19/57

Research Scope

Investigate of system chaotic and bifurcationphenomena with the use of bifurcationdiagrams, strange attractors in phase plane,and the Largest Lyapunov Exponents (LLE).

Performance will be based on number of lostpackets and the accurateness of receiveddata.

Test on multimedia data such as videotransmission from wired starting point towireless ending point.

Deployment in a single network element.Index


20/57


Part IIReviews

Part IIIMethodology

Part IVDiscussion







Expected Outcomes


Index


21/57

Related Works: Wireless

TrafficControl

WirelessQoS

BandwidthControl

Middleware

AllocationCongestion ControlRouting Protocol

Error-Coding SchemesNetwork Modeling

MonadsMOWGLI

MobiwareDiffServ

ARMSUIC

WYNIWYGXMIDDLE

Reflective,Context

Awareness

Prediction,Guard,

Reservation

Index


22/57

Related Works: Chaos

Control

Network

Stability

Traffic

Control, TCP

Chaotic

SystemCongestion

Error

Modeling

Chaotic

Maps

Index


23/57

Conclusion From Review

Works All the wireless works are based on adaptation. Change of bandwidth usage based on prediction

algorithm where bandwidth min and max is determined

by system or user. There is no evidence of usage of chaos control in

wireless environment though there are works that showtraffic flow control is definitely chaotic.

Works that we are interested:

Distributed feedback loop bandwidth optimizationmechanism.

Bifurcation parameter of TCP congestion in Internetmodel.

Index


24/57


Part IIReviews

Part IIIMethodology

Part IVDiscussion







Expected Outcomes


Index


25/57

Initial Works

Literature reviews

Conduct survey to justify therelevancy of our research work in

the perspective of the local communityin Malaysia.

Index


26/57

Research Methodology

Prototype WirelessNetwork AdaptiveFlow Control

To simulate the control mechanismin the wireless network and measurethewireless network performance.

Analyzing the wire

The implementation

of wireless networkchaotic controller

To determine the damping

parameter of the model in order tosuppress or delaythe occurrence of bifurcation.

Design and imple

The formulation of

thedamping parameter.

To simulate the behavioral model

and to identify the structure of attractor,bifurcation parameter andbifurcation points.

To identify and formulate chaoscontroller mechanism.

Analyzing wireless

Behavioral Model of Traffic Flow inWireless Network

To determine the system parametersin modeling behavioral traffic flow inwireless network as second orderdifferential equation.

Modeling the beha DeliverablesObjectivesPhases

Index


27/57

Modeling the Behavioral Pattern of

Traffic Flow in Wireless Networks

Identify system parameters

Deterministic fluidflow representation

Determination of behavior

Continuous FlowPDE representation

Phase plane simulationStatistical testsLargest Lyapunov ExponentsBifurcation diagrams

Data Collection Trace recording

Index


28/57

Analyzing Wireless Network

Performance

Employ performability model ( Trivedi, et. al, 2003 ) To obtain realistic composite performance and

availability measures.

Erlang loss model: obtain loss formula due to channelfailures and handoff problem. Markov chain

Index

Observation of performance degradationof wireless system in transferring

multimedia data
http://performabilitymodellingwirelesscommunication.pdf/http://performabilitymodellingwirelesscommunication.pdf/http://performabilitymodellingwirelesscommunication.pdf/http://performabilitymodellingwirelesscommunication.pdf/http://performabilitymodellingwirelesscommunication.pdf/http://performabilitymodellingwirelesscommunication.pdf/


29/57

Design and Implementation of

Wireless Network Chaotic Controller

Formulate the control gains

k c and k n

Determinedamping parameter

Normal form theory(transfer function)

Linearizing thebehavioral equation

Identifying theequilibrium point

Calculate the criticalgain factor

Calculate theeigenvalues andeigenvectors for systemmatrix A where Ax = 0.

Index


30/57

Analyzing the Wireless Network

Adaptive Flow Control

Investigation of delayperformance

Integration of Wireless Chaotic Controller

Identifytraffic flow policy

Identify degree of data fidelity

On-off fluid processmodel and the channel ismodeled by a fluidvariant of Gilbert-Elliots model assuggested by Kim(1999). Index
http://delayperformanceqossupportwireless.pdf/http://delayperformanceqossupportwireless.pdf/


31/57

Instrumentation & Data

Source Computer modeling and simulation

MATHLAB and OPNET

Winesa Data Capture wireless data in real environment

(UTM)

Use wireless data from Telcos (Malaysian) Use wireless data from other research group

(local/international) Artificial data (

Markov-based Tr ace A nalysis, 2003 )Index
http://wirelessmodelmarkovchannel_2.pdf/http://wirelessmodelmarkovchannel_2.pdf/http://wirelessmodelmarkovchannel_2.pdf/


32/57

Expected Results

Behavioral model of traffic flow in wirelessnetwork.

For illustration purpose, the abstractionsprocesses in wireless environment will bedemonstrated using computer simulations.

Traffic flow control algorithm.

A mechanism to control the bifurcationoccurrence by applying chaos controlmanagement.

Analysis of wireless network performance.

Index


33/57

Assumptions and Limitations

Transmission of text data will not faced any wirelessnetwork predicament except delay and therefore willnot be tested. We are interested with real time criticaldata such as multimedia data that include video andaudio.

Queuing delay is relatively small and will not beconsidered in the formulation of the design. This isbecause we believe that edge-based equipments willcontinue to improve rapidly and does reducing thequeuing delays.

Network simulation tools are reliable in testing theperformance of the wireless network.

Index


34/57

Part I Topic Proposal Part IIReviews Part IIIMethodology Part IVDiscussion







Expected Outcomes

Adaptive SolutionProposed Design

Survey Results

Index


35/57

Cynefin Domains Framework Snowden, D.J. (2003)

To improve the effectiveness (not the efficiency) of decision making and to create the conditions forinnovation.

KnownBest Practice

Standard ProceduresProcess Re-engineering

Sense-Categorise-Respond

Knowable

Good PracticeAnalytical/reductionist

Scenario PlanningSense-Analyse-Response

ComplexEmergent Practice

Pattern ManagementPerspective Filters

Complex Adaptive SystemsProbe-Sense-Response

ChaosDecisive Action

Stability FocusedIntervention

Enactment Tools

Crisis Management

We control thespace and can

determinebehaviour

We have been herebefore and any deviationsare readily understood

Minor, troublesomeevents occur but are

easily rationalised

Something completelyunexpected at this time

Index


36/57

Network Management

Framework

Stand Alone & LANStandard process

with reviewcycle & clear

measures

WirelessMultiple small and

diverseinterventions to

create options e.g.adaptation.

Single or multi pointattractor(s) to stabilise

situation

InternetAnalytical techniques

to determine factsand option range e.g.

congestion control, TCP

Index


37/57

Adaptive Solution

Adaptive networking paradigm is suitable inmitigating the highly varying level of resourceavailability in wireless and mobile networks.

Mobile application and services especially thatinvolve with multimedia data will be tunedwith graceful quality degradation beforeraising back again to full performance.

Index


38/57

Wireless Network Traffic

Flow With Chaos Control Interconnect networks for information can be regarded

as a complex control system. The behavior of the wireless network traffic flow need to

be examined so as to look into the problems concerninghow the network structure facilitates and constraint thenetwork dynamically behaviors.

The critical nature of the network raises concerns aboutthe risk and the impact of system failures (Wang and

Chen, 2003). Use tiny perturbations to stabilize an intended unstablefixed point or periodic orbit embedded in the chaoticattractor, thereby achieving great flexibility for differentcontrol purposes.

Index


39/57

Bifurcation Control Via

Feedback The task of designing a controller to modify thebifurcation properties of a given nonlinear system, so asto achieve a certain desirable behavior.

Design: Taylor expansion and linearization of a givennonlinear dynamical is a common approach (Chen andDong, 1998)

If critical eigenvalue 1 is controllable, uk

( x k ) containing

only third-order terms in the component of x k ,

If critical eigenvalue -1 is uncontrollable u k ( x k )containing only second-order terms in the component of

x k ,

The controlled system h as a l ocally stable bifurcatedperiod-two orbit for k near zero. This feedback stabilizes

( )k t uk x f dt dx

,;=

Index


40/57

Bifurcation Delay

and Stabilization

Index


41/57

Wireless Network ChaoticController

Feedback (closed-loop) scheme described by Ott,Grebogi, and Yorke (OGY, 1990).

Adapted Traffic

Wireless/MobileProtocol

Multimedia

Data

WirelessLink

CapturingWirelessNetwork

Status:

WIRELESSNETWORK CHAOTIC CONTROLLER

DampingParameter, u k

BifurcationManageme

nt

Feedback

Input

Index


42/57

Design Approach

Based on the Internet model of congestion controlsystem with feedback delay ( Li et al., 2004 ):

where

x is the sending rate of the source at time t ,k is the positive gain parameter,D is the sum of forward and return delays,w is a target (set point)

p is the congestion indication Critical value

There is a Hopf bifurcation of the system at its

equilibrium x *.

k* =

2 D ( p ( x *) + x * ( p ( x *))

d x (t )/d t = k [w - x (t D) p ( x (t D))]

Index
http://hopfbifurcationininternetcongestion_prt.pdf/http://hopfbifurcationininternetcongestion_prt.pdf/http://hopfbifurcationininternetcongestion_prt.pdf/http://hopfbifurcationininternetcongestion_prt.pdf/http://hopfbifurcationininternetcongestion_prt.pdf/


43/57

Comparison of Lis Model

and Proposed Model

Functioncommunication delayand sending rate

Inverselyproportional todelay, D

k : system gain

Packet loss and bit errorrate

Probability of packet loss

P : thecongestion

indicationfunction

Base station, accesspoint (equipments atthe edge of wirednetwork).

RouterCongestion

WirelessWiredNetwork

Proposed ModelLis Model

Index


44/57

Results of Survey

The main goal of the survey is to seek the justificationof relevancy in the research area.

Objectives to answer:

What are kind of mobile services that are providedby the industries? What are the most common sets of mobile services

being used by the corporate or small mediumenterprise (SME) customers?

What type of devices and connectivity are required? What are the barriers in delivering the mobile

services? What is (are) the future need(s) in delivering the

mobile services?Index


45/57

Mobile Services M-Commerce : stock trading, reservation, product

purchasing, banking and payment. Communication : short messaging system (SMS),

multimedia messaging system (MMS), chatting,

conferencing and e-mail. Information : news, weather and traffic reports,summons and tracking.

Entertainment : games, music, video download,contest and quizzes.

Corporate or small medium enterprise (SME)customers : wireless messaging, wireless corporateLAN (GPRS) and IDD roaming

Index


46/57

Devices and Connectivity

Devices mobile phone palm top

personal data assistant (PDA) lap top computer

Connectivity Global system for mobile communication (GSM)

General packet radio service (GPRS) 1x radio transmission technology (1xRTT) WiFi Bluetooth

Index


47/57

Wireless Issues

Most services are time-critical

Acceptable disruption

period or the delay timeshould not be more than250 ms.

Resulted in financial lossas well as lose theircustomers confident in theservices that they provide.

Stressed that servicesmust be 99.9% running atall time.

Index


48/57

Disruption Factors

Power failureLack of PowerSupply

Bandwidth, congestionsLimitedResources

Switches, base stationequipment

Faulty hardware

Fiber or cable cut, trunkingAccidental

Actions

Rain, thunderstorm, lightningClimaticchanges

Index


49/57

Other Challenges

Limited coverage Site acquisition (microwave signal hinder by

objects) and geographical terrain. High user expectation Trouble shooting the system in limited time

and information.

To maintain quality of service.

Index


50/57

Survey Conclusion

The transmission of multimedia data across wirelessconnectivity is increasing as new services are beingintroduced in the market.

Propose researches in providing reliable connection investigating the fluctuation of the network

resources controlling network congestions

Support the need of local telecommunication industriesin delivering mobile multimedia services through

wireless media. Other recommended research areas:

Customers behavior towards the usage of wirelessconnectivity in the context of Malaysian users

Network congestion management for wireless

networks Index


51/57

Conclusion

Wireless networks have seen a tremendous growth inthe past decade and still keep expanding at a fast pace.

Wireless network is a complex network and have a

possibility of creating chaos when certain networkparameters become unstable. We proposed an adaptive flow control for wireless

network that will deploy chaos control management instabilizing the traffic flow.

It is hoped that with this research wireless networks canachieve high performance and bring high-qualitynetwork services to mobile users.

Index


52/57

Index

Problem BackgroundProblem StatementResearch HypothesisResearch QuestionResearch ObjectiveImportance of the StudyWork Contributions

Theoretical FrameworkResearch Scope

Intro. WirelessIntro. ChaosWireless Networks Reviews

Chaos Control Reviews

Research MethodologyInstrumentationData Sources

Expected ResultsAssumptions

Cynefin Framework Adaptive SolutionProposed DesignLis WorkSurvey Results

Middleware Compariso

Work ScheduleBasic FoundationPrimal Algorithm


53/57

Basic FoundationFeedback Control System

( ) f

( ) g

r xe x

( ) ( )( )( ) ( )

( ) ( ) 0lim,

,,00

=

=

=

=

t r t x

t x g t u

xt xt u x f t x

t

Index


54/57

Primal Algorithm

J is a set of resources r is the route and a nonempty set

of J R is all set of routes K r is the gain factor

( )( )

( )

=

=

s j s s j j

r j jr r r r

t x pt

where

t t xwk t xdt d

:)()(

,)()(

Rr

J j

The end-user implements a TCP-like rate controlalgorithm which responds to the congestion indicationsignals from resources.

Deterministic fluid flow model:

x r the sending rate of user r

p is the congestionindication function


55/57

Middleware Platform

Index


56/57

Work Schedule

I D

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

T a s k N a m e

R e s e a r c h T i m e l i n e

P H A S E 1 : L i t e r a t u r e R e v i e w

W i r e l e s s N e t w o r k s

C h a o s C o n t r o l

B a s e l i n e S u r v e y

P H A S E 2 : S y s te m M o d e l i n g

I d e n t i f i c a t i o n o f S y s t e m P a r a m e t e r s

V e r i f i c a t i o n o f M o d e l

S t a r t D a t e

1 1 / 1 / 2 0 0 2

1 1 / 1 / 2 0 0 2

1 1 / 1 / 2 0 0 2

4 / 7 / 2 0 0 3

7 / 1 6 / 2 0 0 3

2 / 1 / 2 0 0 4

2 / 1 / 2 0 0 4

4 / 1 / 2 0 0 4

E n d D a t e

8 / 1 8 / 2 0 0 6

4 / 1 / 2 0 0 5

4 / 1 / 2 0 0 5

4 / 1 / 2 0 0 5

1 2 / 5 / 2 0 0 3

9 / 3 0 / 2 0 0 4

7 / 3 0 / 2 0 0 4

9 / 3 0 / 2 0 0 4

9 9 1 d

6 3 1 d

6 3 1 d

5 2 0 d

1 0 3 d

1 7 4 d

1 3 0 d

1 3 1 d

1 8

1 2 C o d i n g

1 3 T e s t i n g a n d v e r i f i c a t i o n o f d e s i g n

1 1 P H A S E 3 : D e s ig n C o n t r o l l e r

9 D a t a C o l l e c t i o n 2 / 2 / 2 0 0 4 7 / 5 / 2 0 0 4 1 1 1 d

1 0 T e s t i n g o f W i r e l e s s N e t w o r k 6 / 1 / 2 0 0 4 9 / 3 0 / 2 0 0 4 8 8 d

1 0 / 1 / 2 0 0 4 3 / 1 / 2 0 0 5 1 0 8 d

1 0 / 1 / 2 0 0 4 3 / 1 / 2 0 0 5 1 0 8 d

1 2 / 1 / 2 0 0 4 3 / 1 / 2 0 0 5 6 5 d

1 7 P H A S E 5 : T h e s i s W r it in g

1 6 V e r i f y n e t w o r k p e r f o r m a n c e

1 5 I n t e g r a t i o n c o n t r o l l e r i n t h e w i r e l e s s n e t w o r k

1 4 P H A S E 4 : S y s t e m I n t e g r a t i o n 3 / 1 / 2 0 0 5 7 / 2 9 / 2 0 0 5 1 0 9 d

3 / 1 / 2 0 0 5 4 / 2 9 / 2 0 0 5 4 4 d

5 / 1 / 2 0 0 5 7 / 2 9 / 2 0 0 5 6 5 d

6 / 1 / 2 0 0 5 1 0 / 1 3 / 2 0 0 5 9 7 d

Q 4 Q 1 Q 2 Q 3 Q 4 Q 1 Q 2 Q 3 Q 4 Q 1 Q 2 Q 3

2 0 0 2 2 0 0 3 2 0 0 4 2 0 0 5 D u r a t i o n

D E P L O Y M E N T O F C H A O S C O N T R O L I N W I R E L E S S N E T W O R K E N V I R O N M E N T

Index


57/57

presentation proposal maz leena

Documents