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Elevator TechnologyElevator Technology

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Elevator Technology

This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing or dealing in any material or product.

Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.

Elevator Technology

Learning objectives:Learning objectives:

● Elevator history● Conventional elevator technology● Technological advances ● MRL cost & space savings, and

sustainability benefits● Future trends

“The biggest assets of companiesgo up and down elevators every day.”

– Famous adage

Worldwide,

1.37 billion1.37 billionpeople ride on elevatorseach day.

Elevator Technology

Elevator Technology

Why is elevator Why is elevator knowledge important knowledge important to you?to you?

Because it is essentialto ensure efficient people flow in the buildings architects design.

Elevator historyElevator history

Elevator Technology

The first elevator may have been built by Archimedes in 236 B.C.

Elevator Technology

Elevator Technology

A treadmill hoisting machine, powered by donkeys, appeared in 1203.

In 1823, an “ascending room” provided paying visitors with a wonderful view of London.

Elevator Technology

Elevator Technology

Primitive steam-powered cable and hydraulic elevators appeared around 1850.

Elevator Technology 1950 Elevator Technology 1950 –– mid 1990smid 1990s

Hydraulic Elevators Geared Traction Elevators Gearless Traction Elevators

Ris

e/Tr

avel

Elevator Technology

0'

20'

40'

60'

100'

200'

300'

400' and above.

Holeless

Roped Holed

Geared

Gearless

Conventional Elevator TechnologyConventional Elevator Technology

Elevator Technology

Elevator Technology

Three configurations:

1) Direct Plunger● Holed

2) Roped Plunger● Roped ● Underslung

3) Holeless(not pictured)

Hydraulic ApplicationsHydraulic Applications

Traction ApplicationsTraction Applications

Elevator Technology

TractionConfigurations

1)Overhead

2) Basement

3) Underslung

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HydraulicHydraulicvs. Tractionvs. Traction

Advantages:● Cost less to install● Shorter lead-times● No reactions at the

top of the structure

Drawbacks:● Higher noise level● Slow speeds● Poor ride quality● High energy consumption● Environmental concerns –

significant use of hydraulic oil

Elevator Technology

Traction vs.Traction vs.HydraulicHydraulic

Advantages:● Higher speeds● Greater rise● Smoother ride quality

Drawbacks:● Higher installation cost● Longer lead times● Longer installation● Significant loads on

top of structure● Penthouse requirements● Critical path

Elevator Technology

A Technological Breakthrough in 1996A Technological Breakthrough in 1996

● Saves energy● Eliminates traditional

machine room● Eliminates hydraulic oil ● Simplifies installation● Sustainable ownership

Permanent MagnetSynchronous Motor(PMSM)

Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) and Variable Voltage, Variable Frequency Drive (VVVF)

● Reduces motor size and weight

● Reduces energy consumptionand heat output

● New motor/drive technology enabled the creation of “Machine Room-Less (MRL)elevator solutions.

Elevator Technology

● AC GearlessPMSM Technology- +93% efficient- 50-70% less energy than

traditional traction orhydraulic machine technology

- 6.7 hp vs. 40-60 hp

● Reduced Starting Current Demand - 30-40% less energy than

traditional hydraulic or traction

Saving EnergySaving Energy

Elevator Technology

Elevator Technology

Commercial Elevator, seven landings, 60’ of rise, $0.15 kWh annual energy savings

● Traditional Geared- 32,919 kWh/year- $4,938 a year

● PMSM Technology- 14,476 kWh/year - $2,171 a year

Savings Comparison Savings Comparison -- TractionTraction

Assuming a useful life of 30 years, that’s a lifetime savings of $83,010 – enough for a new Lexus LX 570 SUV

Elevator Technology

Commercial Elevator, five landings, 48’ of rise, $0.15 kWh annual energy savings

● Hydraulic- 47,551 kWh/year- $7,133 a year

● PMSM Technology- 11,837 kWh/year - $1,775 a year

Savings Comparison Savings Comparison -- HydraulicHydraulic

Assuming a useful life of 30 years, that’s a lifetime savings of $160,740 – enough for a 2009 Porsche 911 S Coupe

Elevator Technology

PMSMTechnology enabledMachine Room-Less(MRL) elevators.

● Money saved by eliminating amachine room can be used to buildadditional rental space

● Give architects more creative freedom of design

Saving SpaceSaving Space

1. Overhead-MountedHoist Machine

2. Pit-MountedHoist Machine

3. Car Rail-MountedHoist Machine(most common)

Configurations

Elevator Technology

Saving SpaceSaving Space

● Control Closet- Saves space and eliminates

a full “machine room”

● Configuration- Integral- Adjacent

Elevator Technology

Saving SpaceSaving Space

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● Oil in traditionalelevator technology- Lubricate machine- Hydraulic motion

● The averagehydraulic elevator usesapproximately 300gallons of oil overit’s lifetime.

Eliminating OilEliminating Oil

MRLsMRLs end the mess that threatens ground water.

Elevator Technology

Installation BenefitsInstallation Benefits

● Mechanics have superior control over their work environment

● Hoisting procedures are visible and under control

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● Reduces Project Management Interfaces

- No drilling well holes- No waterproofing pits- No coordinating cranes- No structural machine room slab

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Installation BenefitsInstallation Benefits

Installation BenefitsInstallation Benefits● Reduced costs

- Structural machine roomnot required

- Maintenance and accessis improved

- No additional costs for penthouse or access to penthouse

● Stairwells ● Lighting

Elevator Technology

VERY IMPORTANTVERY IMPORTANT

● There are NO LEED certified elevators

● An elevator CANNOT GIVE you, the Customer, LEED project points

● LEED contribution is possible in the areas of EA (Energy & Atmosphere), ID(Innovation & Design) and compliant with EQ low emitting materials

Elevator Technology

2-10% of the world’s commercial buildingenergy consumption is attributed to elevators

Elevator Technology

Sustainable OwnershipSustainable Ownership● Buildings account for 40% of the world’s

energy consumption

● Elevators account for 2-10% of that 40%● Over the lifetime of a new elevator the

energy savings can amount to more than the initial cost of the equipment

● In high traffic applications, 30-40% of energy consumed can be recovered through regenerative systems

● In low traffic applications, the energy used while sitting idle (standby energy) can mount up to 70-80% of the total energy consumed

Elevator Technology 1996 Elevator Technology 1996 -- TodayToday Elevator Technology

0'

20'

40'

60'

100'

200'

300'

400' and above.

Ris

e/Tr

avel

Holeless

Roped

Geared

Gearless

Holed

Gearles MRL

Hydraulic Elevators Geared Traction Elevators Gearless Traction Elevators Machine-room-less

Elevator Technology

The Future Belongs to MRL ElevatorsThe Future Belongs to MRL Elevators

Architects are increasinglyturning to MRLs, as hydraulicelevators begin to disappear.

● Saves energy● Saves space● Eliminate hydraulic oil● Simplifies installation● Sustainable ownership

Elevator Technology

Technology AdvancesTechnology Advances

● Regeneration● Sleeping Elevators● Solar Powered Elevators

“I see hydraulic elevators diminishing within the next 5-10 years. The new technology will become greener and won’t require external power. Also, people don’t want to drill in the ground to accommodate a hydraulic elevator.“

-Barry Pletch, CEO Thyssen Krupp

Elevator Technology

KONE is a Registered Provider with the A.I.A. Continuing Education Systems. Credit earned will be reported and Certificates of Completion for non-AIA members are available upon request. Take-home materials are also available.

Questions and AnswersQuestions and Answers

Dedicated to People FlowTM