1

NEPAL ELECTRICITY AUTHORITY (A GOVERNMENT OF NEPAL UNDERTAKING)

TRANSMISSION LINE/SUBSTATION CONSTRUCTION DEPARTMENT

VULNERABLE COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR KHIMTI –

DHALKEBAR 220 KV TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT

(UPDATED PLAN)

PREPARED BY:

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL STUDIES DEPARTMENT

ENGINEERING SERVICES

KHARIPATI, BHAKTAPUR

NEPAL

March, 2014

Pub

lic D

iscl

osur

e A

utho

rized

Pub

lic D

iscl

osur

e A

utho

rized

Pub

lic D

iscl

osur

e A

utho

rized

Pub

lic D

iscl

osur

e A

utho

rized

Pub

lic D

iscl

osur

e A

utho

rized

Pub

lic D

iscl

osur

e A

utho

rized

Pub

lic D

iscl

osur

e A

utho

rized

Pub

lic D

iscl

osur

e A

utho

rized

i

ABBREVIATIONS

CBO Community Based Organization

CDO Chief District Officer

CDC Compensation Determination Committee

CFUG Community Forest User Group

CV Vulnerable Community

DADO District Agriculture Development Office

DDC District Development Committee

DHO District Health Office

EIA Environmental Impact Assessment

EMF Electromagnetic Fields

ESSD Environment and Social Studies Department

GON Government of Nepal

HEP Hydro Electric Project

HH Household

INPS Integrated Nepal Power System

IP Indigenous People

IPP Independent Power Producers

KD - VCDPIU Khimti – Dhalkebar Updated VCDP Implementation Unit

KIIs Key Informant Interviews

km Kilometer

kV Kilovolt

ILO International Labor Origination

LCF Local Consultative Forum

ii

LDO Local Development Officer

LARU Land Acquisition and Rehabilitation Unit

NEA Nepal Electricity Authority

NRs. Nepalese Rupees

NGO Non-Governmental Organization

PAF Project Affected Family

PAP Project Affected Person

PCO Program Coordination Office

PRA Participatory Rapid Appraisal

RAP Resettlement Action Plan

ROW Right of Way

SIA Social Impact Assessment

TL Transmission Line

VDC Village Development Committee

VC Vulnerable Community

VCDP Vulnerable Community Development Plan

WB The World Bank

iii

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The Khimti Dhalkebar 220 kV transmission line starts from Kirnetar settlement of Dolakha district and terminates at Dhalkebar substation of Dhanusha district. It covers 16 Village Development Committees (VDCs) and one municipality of Dolkha, Ramechhap, Sindhuli Mahottari and Dhanusha districts. The total length of the alignment is approximately 73 kilometers. The right of way (ROW) is 15 meter from the center line and tower base is 12.5X12.5 m with tower height of approximately 42 meters. The project is under construction and almost all the towers have been erected and stringing work is ongoing. Out of 188 towers to be construed under this project, 181 towers are completed and 7 towers in Sindhuli district are yet to be erected.

The Khimti-Dhalkebar 220 kV Transmission Line Project (KDTL), the first 220 kV TL project in Nepal and is financed by the World Bank. Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA) is the implementing agency of the Project which is designed to evacuate the power generated from proposed Upper Tamakoshi Hydroelectric Project including other hydro power project to be developed in various districts in the hill districts.

As the TL Project is funded by the World Bank (WB), the implementing agency is required to comply with the safeguard measures. The Operational Manual of Environmental Social Impact Assessment, 2009 prepared by the NEA for Additional Financing of the Power Development Project provides basis to develop the required safeguard plans and their implementation. A vulnerable community development plan (VCDP) for the project was also prepared by the Environmental and Social Studies Department (ESSD) of NEA in 2006 as an integral part of project documents.

However, due to delay in project implementation and changed socio-economic context, there was need to update the VCDP with due emphasis on the impacted communities and peoples in the Project area with focused plans and activities. This updated VCDP for the Khimti - Dhalkebar 220 kV TL Project is an outcome of the above understanding. This VCDP has been prepared by NEA/ESSD based on the findings of participatory rapid assessment (PRA) with IP and vulnerable communities, socioeconomic household survey of affected families of IPs and vulnerable groups, key informant interviews, meeting consultation with local stakeholders, field visit conducted from March 1 to March 15, 2014 and review of relevant literatures and best practices. The main objective of the study is to prepare an updated VCDP to address the adverse social impacts on IPs and vulnerable communities.

The methodology to collect data on socio-economic and cultural aspects for the updated VCDP includes but not limited to: identification of stakeholders, literature review, participatory rapid appraisal (PRA) in the affected VDCs. Besides, other methods involve survey of affected indigenous and vulnerable households (HHs), GIS map preparation, field observation and informal meeting/consultations with district level key stakeholders, government officials and the affected households. Based on the findings of the field work, this updated VCDP has been prepared.

The study has placed due emphasis to community consultation and information dissemination throughout the preparation of this updated VCDP for its effective planning and implementation. PRA tools were used while collecting information with indigenous and vulnerable groups. Similarly, key informant interviews, household survey of the directly project affected (indigenous and vulnerable) families, and informal meeting/consultation with the key stakeholders of the project area were also conducted as other tools of community consultation.

iv

Altogether 51 PRAs including 28 with Dalits and 23 with indigenous groups (three PRA in each VDC/municipality) were conducted. Altogether 775 participants including 46.1% female representing indigenous and vulnerable groups had participated in the PRA. In addition to the PRA, altogether 17 KIIs including 16 KIIs in the VDCs and one in the municipality were conducted. Similarly, of the directly affected total vulnerable families (92 families), socioeconomic survey of 63.0 vulnerable families was conducted as part of the public consultation. Two informal meetings including one with the Struggle Committee of Khimti-Dalkebar 220 kV TL Project Affected People (with more than 25 people) and one with the government officials and district level key political party leaders were conducted in Kamalamai Municipality of Sindhuli district on March 9, 2014. The study team consulted local leaders, political party leaders, businessmen, teachers, social workers, government officials, and representatives of NGOs/CBOs of the project area to solicit their views, issues and concerns during the field work.

The study team also held meetings with the struggle committee members in Kamalamai Municipality and discussed regarding their issues and concerns. Further, the team also observed some important religious and archeological sites affected/close to the TL alignment and settlements affected or close to the TL by the project. The concerns/issues of local people/institutions have been incorporated in relevant section of the updated VCDP.

In the context of Nepal, vulnerable community means communities who are commonly landless and marginal farmers living below subsistence level. Moreover, these people have no or limited access to public resources and they almost never participate in national planning, policy, and no access in decision making process or in development initiatives. Formal and informal studies conducted in Nepal reveal that most of indigenous people (Janajati, Adibasi) and Dalits fall under the category of vulnerable person in Nepal. This was also reflected in the Government's plans and policies that recognize women, disabled, ethnic minorities and Dalits groups as the predominant poor and marginalized groups. Women in all social groups and regions are more disadvantaged than their male counterparts and even among women, widows, separated and women headed households are particularly disadvantaged. Female-headed households, households headed by the physically disabled; indigenous people (Adibasi/Janajati), and were initially considered as potential vulnerable groups for this study.

Almost all the local people of the project area showed positive attitude regarding the construction of the project realizing the need of transmission line for hydropower development in the country, regular supply of electricity to address more than 12 hours of load shedding. Due to the support of local people almost all the construction work of the project has been completed except few towers in Kamalamai Municipality of Sindhuli district where there are disputes between people and the Project.

During the community consultation several issues and concerns were raised by the people. The key issues and concerns raised by the local people are related to inadequate compensation, employment in the Project, implementation of mitigation and enhancement measures and community participation in the project activities. The major issues/concerns raised during consultation process by the IPs, VCs and local stakeholders have been broadly categorized as: i) compensation, ii) Livelihood, iii) alignment of transmission line, iv) community support and v) Project information and community participation.

The above issues/concerns of the people will be addressed through different mechanism and support system. Major areas of concerns of the vulnerable community and IPs pertain to compensation,

v

supports for their livelihood, proper information and communication, avoid and minimize negative impacts and enhance participation of the local people at different stages of the project. In addition, the public have demanded several community support programs as a measure to improve their livelihood and socioeconomic environment.

The field visit and consultations reveal that the Affected Peoples (APs) are need of diverse supports and assistances in order to improve their livelihoods through increased income, employment and community based infrastructures. Based on the felt needs of the people, different types of programs and activities are suggested for implementation in different locations. The key activities included in the VCDP are, however, not limited to the followings.

• Awareness raising programs through different media, particularly in disseminating correct information about Project’s impacts on health and local environment;

• Development/ Renovation of community based infrastructures viz minor drinking water, irrigation facilities/ channels, river training etc;

• Livelihood improvement programs viz agriculture and livestock raising, cash crop farming, bee keeping, poultry keeping, fishery; seasonal and offseason vegetable production and marketing;

• Vocational training in different trades / fields to the members of IPs and Dalit households affected by the project including both males and females; and

• Continued consultations, facilitations and counseling as necessary to the vulnerable households/ people.

Grievance redress mechanism has to be established to allow project affected persons/households and community to appeal any disagreeable decisions, practices and activities arising from compensation for land and assets and other issues/concerns. The affected HHs and community will be made fully aware of their rights and the procedures. The GRM includes four stages to allow the APs to file their complaints at different tiers such as Communication Officer at the first stage, Project Manager in second stage, CDO in the third stage and finally the right to file the case at the court if none of the earlier stages failed to satisfy the complaints of the APs.

The KDTL Project will ensure that funds are delivered on time to implement the activities specified in the updated VCDP. Implementation of the updated VCDP will be completed in one year from the date of its implementation. The implementation of activities under VDCP will be carried out the Project staff, competent local NGOs and other service providers. The total budget for implementing the VCDP has been estimated at Rs. 20.5million which is, however, subject to change depending upon final verification and surveys of the proposed activities.

vi

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................................................................I

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................... III

TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................................... VI

LIST OF TABLES .............................................................................................................................................. IX

1. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 BACKGROUND ...................................................................................................................................... 1

1.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY .................................................................................................................. 2

2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION ....................................................................................................................... 4

2.1 PROJECT LOCATION .............................................................................................................................. 4

2.2 TRANSMISSION LINE ROUTE................................................................................................................. 4

2.3 PROJECT FEATURES .............................................................................................................................. 4

3. STUDY METHODOLOGY ....................................................................................................................... 5

3.1 PROJECT AREA DELINEATION .............................................................................................................. 6

3.1.1 Core Project Area .................................................................................................................. 6

3.2.1 Criteria Used for Defining Vulnerable Community .............................................................. 6

3.3 IDENTIFICATION OF THE STAKEHOLDERS AND CONSULTATIONS .......................................................... 7

3.4 SAMPLE DISTRIBUTION ........................................................................................................................ 7

3.5 PREPARATION OF STUDY TOOLS AND FIELDWORK ............................................................................... 8

3.6 PARTICIPATORY RAPID APPRAISAL ...................................................................................................... 8

3.7 KEY INFORMANT INTERVIEWS .............................................................................................................. 8

3.8 HOUSEHOLD SURVEY ........................................................................................................................... 9

3.9 MEETINGS/CONSULTATIONS ................................................................................................................ 9

3.10 DATA ENCODING AND ANALYSIS ....................................................................................................... 10

4. REVIEW OF POLICIES, LAWS, GUIDELINES AND CONVENTIONS .............................................. 11

4.1 GENERAL............................................................................................................................................ 11

4.2 CONSTITUTION, PLAN, POLICIES, LAWS AND GUIDELINES ................................................................. 11

4.2.1 Constitution, Plan and Policies ........................................................................................... 11

4.2.2 Acts ..................................................................................................................................... 12

vii

4.2.3 Rules/ Regulations .............................................................................................................. 12

4.2.4 Guidelines ........................................................................................................................... 13

4.2.4.1 National Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines, 1993 .......................................... 13

4.3 ILO CONVENTION ON INDIGENOUS AND TRIBAL PEOPLES, 1989 (NO.169) ........................................ 13

4.4 THE WORLD BANK SAFEGUARD POLICIES ......................................................................................... 14

4.4.1 OP 4.12 - Involuntary Resettlement .................................................................................... 14

4.4.2 OP 4.10 - Indigenous People............................................................................................... 15

4.4.3 The World Bank Policy on Access to Information ............................................................. 15

5. COMMUNITY CONSULTATIONS AND PARTICIPATION ............................................................ 16

5.1 PROCEDURE FOR CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION ...................................................................... 16

5.1.1 Consultation with Indigenous People ................................................................................. 16

5.1.2 CONSULTATION WITH DALIT COMMUNITIES OF THE PROJECT AREA .................................................. 18

5.2.3 Consultation with other stakeholders of the Project area .................................................... 19

5.3 KEY ISSUES/CONCERNS RAISED DURING COMMUNITY CONSULTATIONS .......................................... 19

5.4 CONTINUATION OF CONSULTATION PROCESS..................................................................................... 20

6. SOCIOECONOMIC INFORMATION OF INDIGENOUS AND VULNERABLE COMMUNITY...... 22

6.1 INDIGENOUS COMMUNITY IN THE CONTEXT OF NEPAL ...................................................................... 22

6.4 DALIT COMMUNITY IN THE PROJECT AREA ........................................................................................ 25

7. ENHANCEMENT MEASURES ................................................................................................................... 28

7.1 AWARENESS RAISING PROGRAM ........................................................................................................ 28

7.2 Community Infrastructure Support Program ...................................................................... 28

7.3 Livelihood Improvement and Income Generation .............................................................. 29

8. IMPLEMENTATION MECHANISM AND INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT ........................ 33

8.1 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT ................................................................................................................. 33

8.2 IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE ..................................................................................................................... 33

8.3 GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ............................................................................................................ 33

9. MONITORING AND EVALUATION MECHANISM ......................................................................... 35

9.1 GENERAL............................................................................................................................................ 35

9.2 MONITORING ...................................................................................................................................... 35

9.3 REPORTING ........................................................................................................................................ 35

viii

9.4 IMPACT EVALUATION ......................................................................................................................... 36

9.5 MONITORING AND EVALUATION MECHANISM ................................................................................... 36

10. ESTIMATED BUDGET ........................................................................................................................... 38 ANNEXES ........................................................................................................................................................... 39

ANNEX – 1: BASELINE TABLES OF HH SURVEY ................................................................................................ 40

ANNEX 2: SOCIOECONOMIC DETAILS OF THE PARTICIPANTS OF THE CONSULTATION ...................................... 50

ANNEX 3: PROPOSED WORK PLANS WITH DETAILED ACTIVITIES FOR VULNERABLE COMMUNITIES IN THE PROJECT AFFECTED DISTRICTS......................................................................................................................... 53

ANNEX 4 LIST OF PEOPLE CONSULTED DURING FIELD VISIT (8- 15 MARCH, 2014) .......................................... 54

ANNEX 5 LIST OF CONSULTATION PARTICIPANTS ( IN SEPARATE PDF FILE - KD TL LIST OF CONSULTATION PARTICIPANTS) ................................................................................................................................................. 57

ix

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Salient Features of the Project .................................................................................................. 5

Table 2: Sample Distribution .................................................................................................................. 7

Table 3: Distribution of Key Informant Interview Participants .............................................................. 8

Table 4: Distribution of HH Sample ....................................................................................................... 9

Table 5 Concerns Raised by the Participants of the Indigenous Community ....................................... 17

Table 6 Summary of Issue/Concerns Raised by the Participants of the Dalit Community................... 18

Table 7: Summery of Key Issues and Concerns of Dalit, Indigenous People and Other Stakeholders 20

Table 8 Categorization of Indigenous Adibasi/Janajati Groups of Nepal ............................................. 22

Table: 9 Population Distribution of Janjati, Dalit and Others in the Project Affected VDCs............... 23

Table: 10 Classifications of Dalits by Origin in Nepal ......................................................................... 25

Table 11: Details of Impacts Mitigation and Enhancement Measures.................................................. 31

Table 12 Monitoring and Evaluation Parameters, Methods, Schedule ................................................. 36

Table 13: Estimated Budget for VCDP................................................................................................. 38

1

1. INTRODUCTION

The Khimti Dhalkebar 220 kV transmission line starts from Kirnetar settlement of Dolakha district and terminates at Dhalkebar substation of Dhanusha district. It covers 16 Village Development Committees (VDCs) and one municipality of Dolkha, Ramechhap, Sindhuli Mahottari and Dhanusha districts. The total length of the alignment is approximately 73 kilometers. The right of way (ROW) is 15 meter from the center line and tower base is 12.5X12.5 m with tower height of approximately 42 meters. The project is under construction and almost all the towers have been erected and stringing work is ongoing. The transmission line passes through forest area in Mahottari district whereas it is just connected at Kirnetar of Dolakha district on the government land.

The Khimti-Dhalkebar 220 kV Transmission Line Project (KDTL), the first 220 kV TL project in Nepal, was a component of Power Development Fund (PDF), which was financed by the World Bank. The Power Development Fund aimed to meet the objectives of GON in extending access to an electricity supply to a larger percentage of the population by supporting the development of Nepal’s power sector.

Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA) implemented the Khimti - Dhalkebar 220 kV Transmission Line (TL) Project to evacuate the power generated from proposed Upper Tamakoshi Hydroelectric Project including other hydro power project in the regions. The transmission line will also be connected with two existing Independent Power Producer (IPP) plants, namely; Khimti Hydropower Plant (60 MW) and Bhotekoshi Hydropower Plant (36 MW). This transmission line project also plans to export power to India as well as to supply power to the population of Eastern Region of the country.

Since the proposed transmission line project was funded under Power Development Fund financed by the World Bank (WB), the requirement of "Policy Framework for EIA for Projects under the PDF" has to be satisfied. In keeping view the above requirement, a separate SIA report was prepared for Khimti - Dhalkebar 220 kV Transmission Line Project in 2006. Similarly, a vulnerable community development plan (VCDP) for the project was also prepared by Environmental and Social Studies Department (ESSD) of NEA in 2006 as an integral part of project documents.

However, due to delay in project completion and changed social and political context the need of an updated VCDP with emphasis on IPs is required for smooth implementation of the project. In this context this updated VCDP for the Khimti - Dhalkebar 220 kV TL Project is prepared for smooth implementation of the project activities. This VCDP has been prepared by ESSD/NEA based on the findings of participatory rapid assessment (PRA) with IP and vulnerable communities, socioeconomic household survey of affected families of IPs and vulnerable groups, key informant interviews, meeting consultation with local stakeholders, field visit conducted from March 1 to March 15,2014,review of relevant literatures and best practices. The VCDP will be an integral part of project documents.

1.1 Background

Nepal is a landlocked country, bordered to the North by the People's Republic of China and to the South, East and West by the Republic of India. It has a geographical area of 147,181 sq. km and population of about 26.4 million with growth rate of 1.35% (2011 Census). It has an immense potential of hydropower resources. Steep mountain topography combined with numerous rivers and rivulets carrying perennial discharge offer favorable condition to develop hydropower projects.

2

Theoretically, hydropower potential of Nepal has been estimated at 83,000 Mega Watt (MW) of which 42,000 MW has been estimated to be economically feasible.

Despite having a large hydro potentiality, half of the population is still deprived of electricity use and the other half is facing long hours load shedding. At present Nepal faces power deficit, due to severe imbalance in demand and supply of electricity in the country. The annual peak electricity demand is increasing with an average of 10% annually. It has led to unprecedented load shedding since the last 5-6 years, and this situation is expected to continue in the coming 5-6 years. It has resulted negative impact on overall development of the nation and inconveniences to the consumers.

The annual peak power demand of Nepal was 946.1 Mega Watt (MW) whereas, the peak time available electricity was only 705.566 MW (during wet season) that has resulted in the deficit of 204.534 MW electricity during wet season (including the electricity imported from India) in the year 2010/2011 AD (2067 BS). However, the dry season availability was about 300 MW resulting in about 650 MW deficits.

Load forecast estimate by Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA) shows that the demand of electricity in Nepal increases every year by about 10% with the demand predicted for the year 2011/2012 (2068 BS) was about 1056.9 MW. This demand was expected to meet not only by in-house projects of NEA but also by private sector developed projects. However, in absence of completion of in-house projects of NEA and projects initiated by independent power producers (IPPs) the imbalance of demand and supply of electricity is in increasing trend.

Currently, many independent power producers (IPP) are putting their efforts on developing hydroelectric projects to address power demand of Nepal as well as export excess power to India. However in absence of high voltage kV transmission lines generated power is also not transmitted to other parts as well as import power from India to address the present power crisis of Nepal. The only existing 132 kV transmission line capacity is not sufficient for transmitting generated power in the country. Further, in absence of high voltage transmission lines the loss of power is also high that could be saved by construction of such transmission lines. Therefore, the government has given high priority for the completion of the Khamti-Dhalkebar 220 kV Transmission Project.

1.2 Objectives of the study

The main objective of the study was to assess adverse social impacts of the project and prepare an updated VCDP to address the adverse social impacts on IPs and vulnerable communities in the changed context based on the national policies/strategies and best practices:

The specific objectives were to:

• ensure the participation of members of affected indigenous people (IP) and vulnerable community (VC) in the entire process of planning, implementation and monitoring of VCDP,

• conduct public consultations with the IPs and VC and other stakeholders focusing on identification and analysis of the impacts on IP and VC of the project areas and inform about the project activities,

• identify organizational and institutional requirement for the implementation of VCDP activities including grievance handling,

3

• ensure that indigenous and vulnerable people benefit from the proposed project and potential adverse impacts on IPs and VC resulting from the implementation of the project are avoided or mitigated,

• assist the IP and vulnerable families in the planned development of their communities as an enhancement measures,

• develop appropriate training / income generation activities in accordance to their own defined needs and priorities, and

• Provide cost estimation for implementation of VC development activities for smooth construction of the project.

1.3 Scope of the study

The scope of the study was consultation with IPs, vulnerable community and other stakeholders, household survey of the IPS and vulnerable community directly affected by the project due to land/property loss, identify the likely impacts and develop Vulnerable Community Development Plan. The study for VCDP has covered all the areas defined as project affected areas in Chapter 3.

1.4 Layout of the Report

This VCDP report contains 11 chapters. Chapter 1 includes Introduction, Chapter 2 contains Project Description, Chapter 3 outlines the Study Methodology, Chapter 4 provides information on Relevant Policy, Legal Framework, Guidelines and Conventions, Chapter 5 describes about Community Consultation and Grievance Redressal Mechanism, Chapter 6 provides Socio-economic information of Indigenous and Vulnerable Community, Chapter 7 details Mitigation and Enhancement Measures, Chapter 8 includes Implementation Mechanism and Institutional Arrangement, Chapter 9 provides information on Monitoring and Evaluation Mechanism, Chapter 10 details Program Cost, Source of Funding and Budgetary Process, and Chapter 11 includes Conclusions.

4

2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1 Project Location

The project is located in Central Development Region and covers five districts of Janakpur Zone namely Dolakha, Ramechhap, Sindhuli, Mahottari and Dhanusha (Fig-2.1). The northern portion of the route alignment is accessible by Kirne- Manthali and Khurkot district road and up to Bardibas the line is parallel to Banepa- Bardibas Road. The section from Bardibas to Dhalkebar is accessible through East –West Highway. The nearest airport is Janakpur and regular flights are available from Kathmandu (Figure 1).

Fig. 1: Location of Khimti-Dhalkebar 220 kV Transmission Line Alignment

2.2 Transmission Line Route

The transmission line started from the Kirnetar close to existing Khimti substation and terminatesat the existing substation at Dhalkebar.It covers 16 Village Development Committees (VDCs) and one municipality of five project districts. It passes mainly through Middle Mountain, Churia range and plains of Terai.

2.3 Project Features

The total length of the alignment is approximately 73 kilometers. The right of way of the proposed project is 15 meter from the centre line on each side and approximately 12.5m x 12.5-m area has been acquired for tower foundation. The tower height is 42.45 meters (Table 1).

5

Table 1: Salient Features of the Project Project: Khimti – Dhalkebar 220 kV Transmission Line Project Zone: Janakpur District: Dolakha, Ramechhap, Sindhuli, Mahottari and Dhanusha VDC/ Municipality: Sahare, Khimti, Gelu, Tilpung, Kathjor, Manthali, Bhaluwajor, Bhimeshore,

Ratanchura, Ranichauri, Jalkanya, Bhadrakali, Gairibas, Tulasi Bahunmara, Bengadabar and Dhalkebar VDCs and Kamalamai municipality,

TL Line Length: 73 km Span: 350 meters No. of Angle Point: 53 No. of Tower 188 Voltage Level: 220 kV RoW: 30 meters Tower Type: Steel Lattice Structure, self-supported Circuit: Double Conductor: ACSR BISON, Duplex Earth Wire: EHS 7/3.35 Foundation Type: Pad and Chimney isolated Foundation Area: 12.50 x 12.50 meters (approx. average per foundation) Bay Extension: One at Khimti substation and another at Dhalkebar substation Funded by: World Bank, GON and NEA

KALPATARU Construction Power Transmission Limited is the main contractor for the construction of this Project. Himal Hydro is sub-contractor for Dhalkebar- Panitanky stretch of transmission line alignment. The work from Panitanky to Khimti- Switchyard is assigned to Mudvari Construction Company Limited. Out of 188 towers constructed under this project 1 is located in Dolkha, 52 in Ramechhap, 82 in Sindhuli, 12 in Mahottari and 41 in Dhanusha district. Out of that 181 towers are completed and 7 towers in Sindhuli district are yet to be constructed. Out of 7 towers 1 tower foundation is constructed in Khurkot and remaining 6 tower foundation consisting 1 in Khurkot of Bhimeshwor VDC, 2 in Ranichuri VDC and 3 in Kamlamai Municipality are yet to be constructed. The stringing of single circuit line is completed in most of the section of alignment.

3. STUDY METHODOLOGY

The methodology to collect data on socio-economic and cultural aspects for the updated VCDP has included but not limited to: identification of stakeholders, literature review, participatory rapid appraisal (PRA) in the affected VDCs, survey of affected indigenous and vulnerable households (HHs), GIS map preparation, field observation and informal meeting/consultations with district level key stakeholders, government officials and the affected households. Based on the findings of the field work, this updated VCDP has been prepared.

The study team has adopted a participatory approach with maximum involvement of different stakeholders of the project at the local and district levels to generate relevant information for the updated VCDP. The study team has maintained close contacts with the district level government relevant line agencies, VDC level key stakeholders and other stakeholders while conducting the field work.

6

The following methodology has been applied to collect social, economical and cultural data for the updated VCDP.

3.1 Project Area Delineation

Based on the review of maps, previous reports prepared for the project and field assessment for the updatedVCDP, the project area is defined as the area for the construction of a 220 kV transmission line alignment as well as the area that will be impacted due to the construction and operation of the project. The project area includes 17 VDCs and one municipality of Dolakha, Sindhuli, Ramechhap, Mahottari and Dhanusha districts.

The study area is divided into two parts on the basis of the proximity and magnitude of impacts as follows:

3.1.1 Core Project Area

The “Core Project Area” consists of the 30 m Right of Way (RoW), encompassing 15 m on each side of the alignment measured from its center line. The settlements and area falls within 500m on either side are also considered under core area. This area is defined as the direct impact zone.

3.1.2 Surrounding Area

The term ''Surrounding Area'' indicates a wider area, which will be directly or indirectly influenced by the construction and operation of the project. This area includes all alignment encompassing VDCs/municipality of the 5 districts excluding areas mentioned as core project area. This area is also termed as the “indirect impact zone”.

3.2 Vulnerable Community in the Context of Nepal

In the context of Nepal, vulnerable community means communities who are commonly landless and marginal farmers living below subsistence level. Moreover, these people have no or limited access to public resources and they almost never participate in national planning, policy, and no access in decision making process or in development initiatives. As a result, their risk of falling below the poverty line is high.

Formal and informal studies conducted in Nepal reveal that most of indigenous people (Janajati, Adibasi) and Dalits fall under the category of vulnerable person in Nepal. This was also reflected in the Government's plans and policies that recognize women, disabled, ethnic minorities and Dalits groups as the predominant poor and marginalized groups. Women in all social groups and regions are more disadvantaged than their male counterparts and even among women, widows, separated and women headed households are particularly disadvantaged.

3.2.1 Criteria Used for Defining Vulnerable Community

After a review of information related to these groups in the project area, female-headed households IPs and Dalit were identified as vulnerable groups that merited consideration in the study. The main indigenous groups found in the project areaare Hayu, Bhujel, Magar, Gurung, Majhi, Tamang and Newar. Of the indigenous groups of the project area,Hayu is listed as endangered, Majhi as highly marginalized, Tamang and Bhujel as marginalized, Gurung and Magar as disadvantaged and Newar as

7

Advance groups. Although listed under indigenous category these IPS have no distinct characteristics and almost all follows the similar social and cultural tradition, use common Nepali language and socially mixed up with other caste/ethnic groups.The Kami, Damai and Sarki are the Dalits of the area.Almost all these groups are highly dependent on subsistence farming and wage employment for their livelihood. The following groups were initially considered as potential vulnerable groups for this study:

• Female-headed households; • Households headed by the physically disabled; • Indigenous people (Adibasi/Janajati), and • Dalit(the so-called untouchables).

3.3 Identification of the Stakeholders and Consultations

The stakeholders were identified by the study team with the help of representatives of district and local level government offices, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), community based organizations (CBOs), teachers and other key informants of the area. The identified key stakeholder are project affected families (PAFs), affected communities, IPs, vulnerable groups, representatives of local government bodies/line agencies, NGOs, CBOs, community forest user groups (CFUGs), women organization, teachers and leaders of political parties.

The identified stakeholders were consulted to solicit their views, concerns regarding the project and their expectations from the project as they are the directly or indirectly affected by the project and have important role to influence the project completion.

3.4 Sample Distribution

The updated VCDP study has covered 17 project affected VDCs and one municipality of Dolakha, Ramechhap, Sindhuli, Mahottari and Dhanusha districts. Altogether survey of 58 affected families out of total 92 affected families from IPs and vulnerable groups, 51 VDC and municipality level participatory rapid appraisals (PRAs) with the concerned group (IPs and Dalit), 17 key informant interviews (KIIs), were conducted in the project area (Table 2).

Table 2: Sample Distribution District VDCs/Municipality KIIs PRA HH Survey

Dalit IP IP Dalit Others* Total Surveyed Total Surveyed Total Surveyed

Dolakha Sahare 1 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ramechhap Gelu 1 2 1 3 2 0 0 2 2

Khimti 1 2 1 2 2 0 0 2 1 Tilpung 1 2 1 2 2 0 0 0 0 Kathjor 1 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Manthali 1 2 1 1 1 0 0 4 2 Bhaluwajor 1 2 1 10 3 0 0 1 1

Sindhuli Bhimeshor 1 1 2 4 3 0 0 0 0 Ratanchura 1 2 1 4 4 0 0 0 0 Ranichauri 1 0 3 6 3 0 0 0 0 Bhadrakali 1 1 2 8 3 0 0 0 0 Jalakanya 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 KamalamaiNP 1 1 2 14 11 2 2 6 4

8

Mahottari Gauribas 1 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Dhanusa Tulasi Bahunmara 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 0 0

Begadawar 1 2 1 4 2 2 2 2 1 Dhalkebar 1 2 1 8 2 1 1 1 1

Total 17 17 28 23 67 39 7 7 18 12

Source: Field Survey, March, 2014, Note: Others included women headed households of Brahmin, Chettri and Yadav caste/ethnic groups

3.5 Preparation of Study Tools and Fieldwork

After review of relevant reports and documents, study tools for the updated VCDP were prepared to collect required information/data from the field. All the study tools were prepared and pre-tested. Based on the findings of the pre-test the study tools were finalized and used in the field.

The fieldwork was started from March 1, 2014 under the close supervision and guidance of the Sr. Socio-economist and completed on March 15, 2014. A tentative field schedule was provided to the field team to manage the field work and progress monitoring.

3.6 Participatory Rapid Appraisal

Altogether 51 participatory rapid appraisals including 23 With IPs and 28 with Dalits(Table 2) were conducted in the project area including three PRA in each project affected VDC to collect basic socio economic data, views, concerns and expectation of the local people from the project. Similarly, the participants were also informed regarding the project and its activities during the PRA. Altogether 775 participants including 46.1% female representing indigenous and vulnerable groups had participated in the PRA. The average number of participants was 14 people. The participants of the PRA were purposively selected with the help of local leaders, social workers and teachers. A checklist was developed to facilitate the PRA.

3.7 Key informant Interviews

Key informant interviews were conducted with 17 purposively selected key informants including one key informant from each affected VDC to assess their views, concerns and expectation from the project and relevant information of the project area. The key informants included VDC Secretaries, teachers, businessman, social workers, social moblizers of government agencies and NGOs, and other intellectual of the project area (Table 3). The interviews were conducted using an in-depth interview guideline.

Table 3: Distribution of Key Informant Interview Participants S.

No.

District VDC/Muni Name of Respondent Age Sex Education Occupation/

Position

1 Dolakha Sahare Ram N. Shrestha 51 M Secondary Business 2 Khimti Diwakar Khadka 31 M Master Teaching 3 Kathjor Gunja Bdr. Shrestha 45 M Diploma Teaching 4 Ramechhap Manthali Jagannath

Karmacharya 56 M Higher

Secondary VDC Secretary

5 Gelu Pawan Raj Khadka 45 M Master Teaching 6 Bhaluwajor Ram BhaktaTamang 55 M Diploma Teaching 7 Bhadrakali Tara Bdr. Thapa

Magar 58 M SLC Teaching

8 Ranichuri Raj Kumar Magar 35 M Diploma VDC Secretary 9 Sindhuli Jalakanya Kamala Tamang 23 F Diploma Social

Mobilizer 10 Kamalamai NP Prakash C. Karki 48 M Diploma Service

9

11 Ratanchura Bimala Kafle 39 F Diploma Teaching 12 Tulsi

Bahunmara Navaraj Paudel 46 M Intermediate Teaching

13 Dhanusha Begadawar Dwarika Shrestha 60 M Intermediate Social Service 14 Dhalkebar Raj Kumar Mahato 56 M SLC Social Service 15 Mohattari Gauribas Om PrakashKhadka 39 M Diploma VDC Secretary

3.8 Household Survey

Household survey of directly project-affected 58(63.0%) families among the 92 directly project affected households of vulnerable group (IPs and vulnerable group) was conducted to collect socioeconomic data and issues/concerns of the affected households (Table 4). An attempt was made to enumerate all the affected households; however the field team could not contact some of the households and some refused to give the interview. The household survey was conducted using a semi-structured household survey questionnaire. The socioeconomic data produced from the household survey are presented in 1-34 tables, in Annex 1.

Table 4: Distribution of HH Sample District VDC/Mun. Indigenous Dalits Women Headed* All

Total

HHs

Surveyed

HHs

Total

HHs

Surveyed

HHs

Total

HHs

Surveyed

HHs

Total

HHs

Surveyed

HH

Dhanusha Dhalkebar 8 2 1 1 1 1 10 4 Bengadabar 4 2 2 2 2 1 8 5 Tulashi 1 1 2 2 3 3

Mahottari Gauribas - - - - - - Sindhuli Kamalamai

municipality 14 11 2 2 6 4 22 17

Ranichuri 6 3 6 3 Bhadrakali 8 3 Jalkanya - - Ratanchura 4 4 4 4 Bhimehwor 4 3 4 3

Ramechhap Bhaluwajor 10 3 1 1 11 4 Manthali 1 1 4 2 5 3 Kathajor - - Tilpung 2 2 2 2 Khimti 2 2 2 1 4 3 Gelu 3 2 2 2 5 4

Dolakha Sahare - - Total 67 39 7 7 18 12 92 58 Percent 72.8 58.2 7.6 100 19.6 66.7 100 63

Note: Others included women headed households of Brahmin, Chettri and Yadav caste/ethnic groups

3.9 Meetings/Consultations

Informal meetings/consultations were also conducted with the KD 220 TL Project Affected Peoples Struggle Committee, VDC Secretaries, teachers, political party leaders, government officials including CDOs and LDOs, businessmen, social workers, and representatives of NGOs, CBOs and of the project area to collect information about the project area, their concerns/expectation and inform them about the project and its ongoing activities. An informal meeting was conducted with the KD 220 TL Project Affected Peoples Struggle Committee on March 9, 2014 to listen their concerns/issues, inform them about the project status and find out to break the current deadlock

10

situation in a win-win situation in Kamalamai Municipality. More than 24 participants, including the President, Vice-president, and other officials of the Struggle Committee had participated in the meeting. Similarly, an informal meeting was also conducted with LDO, CDO and major political party leaders in the DDC Office, Sindhuli on March 25, 2014 in which more than 15 people participated. The main objective of this consultation was to discuss on issues and concerns of the stakeholders as well as inform them present status of the project. Similarly, informal consultations were also held with the affected families, community, government officials in the study districts. Their main issues and concerns of the stakeholders have been incorporated in the community consultation chapter. List of all people consulted are presented in Annex 4 and 5. The annex 5 is a separate pdf file containing scan copies of the details of the participants in the consultation meetings.

3.10 Data Encoding and Analysis

The field team was responsible to make sure that all the required information collected properly and consistent. Any missing or inconsistent information was collected or corrected in the field before living the site. After completion of the field work the collected data was encoded and analyzed in Kathmandu. The collected data was processed using computer software and manually as appropriate. One Data Manager was responsible to develop data entry program, data cleaning/editing, managing the data entry process and processing data in Kathmandu. The Data Manager has worked in close coordination with the experts.

11

4. REVIEW OF POLICIES, LAWS, GUIDELINES AND CONVENTIONS

4.1 General

Environmental management is relatively a new subject in Nepal. This chapter focuses on brief description of the policy, legal and administrative framework within which the project has been implemented. The proponent will fulfill the legal requirement of Government of Nepal as well as The World Bank (WB) Environmental and Social Safeguard Policies and will be responsible for fulfilling provisions of all relevant acts while implementing the project.

Some of these national and international policies, acts, rules, guidelines and conventions relevant to the proposed project regarding VCDP are described below. The proponent will obey and follow if any other legal provisions besides those already mentioned in this chapter are attracted due to various activities that will be undertaken as part of the project.

4.2 Constitution, Plan, Policies, Laws and Guidelines

4.2.1 Constitution, Plan and Policies

4.2.1.1 Interim Constitution of Nepal, 2006 (2063)

Article 13 (3) stated that discrimination shall not be conducted based on color, origin, caste and language. Article 13 (4) mentioned that equal wages shall be given to female for same kind of work. Article 19 (2) mentioned that that the state shall acquire legal private property only for public interest and Article 19 (3) mentioned that compensation shall be provided for such acquired property as prescribed by law. Article 35 (5) of the Interim Constitution mentioned about environmental awareness to general public, minimization/avoidance of the impact of physical development works on environment and rare species with due emphasis on conservation. This article also deals with the biodiversity conservation, sustainable use of natural resources and equal distribution of benefits.

4.2.1.2 Thirteenth Three Year Plan (2070/71-2072/73 BS), 2013

The government has recently endorsed the Thirteenth Three Year Plan (2070/71-2072/73). This plan will cover the period of 2013/14 2015/2016. Its long-term vision is to promote Nepal from its current status of a least developed country to a developing country by 2022. Its aim is to reduce human and economic poverty, bring change in the living standard of citizen by promoting green economy focusing on poverty reduction and reducing the percentage of population living below the poverty line from 23.8% to 18.0% during the plan period. The plan also aims to achieve 6.0% of annual economic growth rate. The priority areas of the plan are hydropower, energy, agriculture, basic education, health, drinking water, good governance, tourism and environment. The GON will increase the participation and contribution of private sector, public sector and cooperatives for the promotion and development of the priority areas during the plan period.

4.2.1.3 Hydropower Development Policy (2058 BS), 2001

The Hydropower Development Policy 2001 AD emphasizes the need of implementation of mitigation measures in project affected area. The policy states that Resettlement and Rehabilitation works shall be conducted as per approved criteria of the GON. The policy clearly states that hydropower

12

development shall be emphasized with due consideration of environmental conservation and as an alternate of bio and thermal energy. Section 6.3 deals with the provision for investment in generation, transmission and distribution whereas section 6.1.2.3 (a) deals with different kind of license required at different level of project development. The article 6.3 and 6.1.2.3 (a) are relevant for project planning and investigation including EIA.

4.2.2 Acts

4.2.2.1 Land Acquisition Act, 1977

It is the main legislation to guide the land acquisition process in the country. Government can acquire land at any place in any quantity by giving the compensation pursuant to the act for the land required for any public purpose or for the operation of any development project initiated by government institution (sections 3 and 4).

The compensation paid under this act will be given in cash. To decide about the amount of compensation the act has made provision for the constitution of Compensation Determination Committee (CDC). This act is silent about the payment of compensation at market rate, which pose difficulty for the payment of compensation at present value.

4.2.2.4 Labor Act 1992

This act has been enforced by GON in May 15, 1992. This act classified people below 15 years as child and minor Nabalik for the age group of above 14 years and below 18 years. The act has also made provision of labor court and Department of Labor. The act clearly mentioned that appointment letter should be issued for all the employees, which include their working hours, working time, wages and other benefits. The act allows for the time bond contract for the manpower required for development work. The act specifies that working hours for the Nabalik and women must be within the period of 6 AM to 6 PM that clearly restrict to deploy women in night works. The act also stated that equal opportunity shall be given to women as man. Similarly, working period of other employees must not exceed 8 hours a day and 48 hours in a week. If some people work beyond that period overtime allowances must be paid which is 150 % of the normal per hour wages and such overtime must not exceed 4 hours in each day. According to this act wages rate of the employees shall not be less than rate fixed by the GON.

4.2.2.5 Land Reform Act (2021), 1964

The Land Reform Act, 1964 is considered as a revolutionary step towards changing the existing system of land tenure by establishing rights of tenants and providing ownership rights to actual tenant. To date the act has been amended five times. Chapter 3, section 7 and sub-section 1 sets ceiling on land ownership according to geographical zones. Chapter 25, section 7 and sub-section 1 of this act deals with tenancy rights.

4.2.3 Rules/ Regulations

4.2.3.1 Electricity Regulations, 1992

Section Chha of Article 12 and section Chha of Article 13 of Electricity Regulation 1992 are important from environmental viewpoint. It has clearly mentioned in the sections for analysis of environmental effect and measures to be taken to minimize the adverse effect of project on

13

environment by the proponent. Similarly, the proponent should also analyze the effect on landowners due to construction and operation of the project and details of people to be evacuated and necessary plan for their rehabilitation should be done by the proponent. This regulation has also made provision for the formation of Compensation Determination Committee (CDC) for compensation of the land required for the project.

4.2.4 Guidelines

4.2.4.1 National Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines, 1993

This is the first and important environmental impact assessment guidelines of Nepal. The guidelines is frequently used and quite helpful right from preparing terms of reference to preparing impact assessment matrix and assigning values on impacts ranking. The other important feature of the guidelines is description on community participation. Clause 49 deals with the methods to involve the public.

4.2.4.2 EIA Guideline for Agriculture Sector 2003

The EIA Guideline for Agriculture Sector 2003 was developed to minimize impacts on the agriculture sector due to increase in agricultural products and production and the activities of projects implemented by other organizations. Schedule 2 of the Guideline discusses the screening process for environmental studies, Schedule 4 relates to EIA scoping and Schedule 5 describes the requirements for the EIA TOR.

The construction of the Kaimti - Dhalkebar 220 kV TL involved acquisition of cultivated land for project structures, land-use restriction under RAW and leasing of cultivated land for temporary construction sites, thus standing crops may be affected and therefore the provisions of this Guideline are relevant to the project.

4.3 ILO Convention on Indigenous and Tribal Peoples, 1989 (No.169)

Nepal ratified ILO Convention No. 169 on September 14, 2007. In 2007 the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples was adopted by the General Assembly. The declaration reaffirms the importance of the principles and approaches provided for under Convention No. 169 and its adoption therefore provide a fresh impetus for promoting the ratification and implementation of Convention No. 169. ILO Convention No.169 highlights the need to recognize indigenous and tribal people’s specific knowledge, skills and technologies as the basis for their traditional economies and self- determined development process. Article -1 of the convention provide definition of the tribal and indigenous people. Article -6 deals the consultation of the peoples concerned through appropriate procedure and in particular through their representative institutions, whenever consideration is being given to legislative or administrative measures which may affect them directly.

In Article 15, the rights of the peoples concerned to the natural resources pertaining to their lands shall be specifically safeguarded. These rights include the right of these people to participate in the use, management and conservation of these resources. The use of the term lands includes the concept of territories, which covers the total environment of the areas that the peoples concerned occupy or otherwise use. The peoples concerned wherever possible shall participate in the benefits of such activities and shall receive fair compensation for any damages that they may sustain as a result of such activities. Article 16 (2) clearly mention that where the relocation of these peoples is considered

14

necessary as an exceptional measures such relocation shall take place only with their free and inform consent. Where their consent cannot be obtained, such relocation shall take place only following appropriate procedures established by national laws and regulations, including public inquiries where appropriate, which provide the opportunity for effective representation of the peoples concerned. Article 16 (3) mention that whenever possible these peoples shall have the right to return their traditional land as soon as the grounds for relocation cease to exist. Article 16(5) elaborated the persons thus relocated shall be fully compensated for any resulting loss or injury.

4.4 The World Bank Safeguard Policies

The World Bank has ten safeguard policies mainly environmental assessment, natural habitats, forest, pest management, safety of dams, involuntary resettlement, indigenous people, cultural property, projects involving international waters, projects in disputed area etc. The objectives of Safeguard policies are to integrate environmental and social issues in to decision making, to support Participatory approaches and transparency, to effective implementation of project for achieve sustainable development etc.

The objective of these policies is to prevent and mitigate undue harm to people and their environment in the development process. These policies provide guidelines for bank and borrower staffs in the identification, preparation, and implementation of programs and projects. Safeguard policies have often provided a platform for the participation of stakeholders in project design, and have been an important instrument for building ownership among local people.

4.4.1 OP 4.12 - Involuntary Resettlement

Involuntary resettlement may cause severe long-term hardship, impoverishment, and environmental damage unless appropriate measures are carefully planned and carried out. The basic principle of Involuntary Resettlement Policy are; avoid, minimize and mitigate involuntary resettlement impacts, payment of compensation before taking possession of the property, compensation at replacement cost and carry out consultation from beginning to end of the project. For these reasons, the overall objectives of the Bank's policy on involuntary resettlement are as follows:

a) Involuntary resettlement should be avoided where feasible, or minimized, exploring all viable alternative project designs.

b) Where it is not feasible to avoid involuntary resettlement, resettlement activities should be conceived and executed as sustainable development programs, providing sufficient investment resources to enable the persons displaced by the project to share in project benefits.

c) Displaced persons should be meaningfully consulted and should have opportunities to participate in planning and implementing resettlement programs.

d) Displaced persons should be assisted in their efforts to improve their livelihoods and standards of living or at least to restore them, in real terms, to pre-displacement levels or to levels prevailing prior to the beginning of project implementation, whichever is higher.

To address the impacts covered of this policy, the borrower must prepare a resettlement plan or a resettlement policy framework. The framework shall include consultation process, alternatives, compensation at full replacement cost for losses of asset, assistance (such as moving allowances) during relocation, residential housing, or housing sites, or, as required, agricultural sites, offered support after displacement for a transition period to restore their livelihood and standards of living and

15

provide with development assistance such as land preparation, credit facilities, training, or job opportunities in addition to compensation measures.

Operational Policy 4.10 ensures that indigenous population benefits from development projects and those projects’ potentially adverse effects are avoided or mitigated.

4.4.2 OP 4.10 - Indigenous People

The World Bank defines indigenous people, as the people, who have their self-identification, collective attachment to ancestral lands, customary culture, economic, social, political institution and indigenous language. The World Bank recognizes that the identities and cultures of indigenous peoples are inextricably linked to the lands on which they live and the natural resources on which they depend. These distinct circumstances expose indigenous people to different types of risks and levels of impacts from development projects, including loss of identity, culture, and customary livelihoods, as well as exposure to disease.

As social groups with identities that are often distinct from dominant groups in their national societies, indigenous peoples are frequently among the most marginalized and vulnerable segments of the population. As a result, their economic, social, and legal status often limits their capacity to defend their interests in and rights to lands, territories, and other productive resources, and/or restricts their ability to participate in and benefit from development. At the same time, The World Bank recognizes that indigenous people play a vital role in planning and implementation of development projects and their continued consultation, participation and cooperation are of profound significance in all projects.

4.4.3 The World Bank Policy on Access to Information

As per Bank’s disclosure policy, the safeguard documents, especially the VCDP will be disclosed for access to the public at various levels and sites. At the central level, the soft copyof the documents would be posted in the website of NEA, the Executing Agency of the Project. In parallel, this would be disclosed in the Info-shop of the World Bank. Disclosure of the summarized translated Nepali version of the document would also be made at the local level in compliance with the World Bank Disclosure Policy to enable ordinary people of the project area. The hard copies would be made public in different places such as Project Site Offices, DDCs, CDC, DAOs and VDCs as relevant.

16

5. COMMUNITY CONSULTATIONS AND PARTICIPATION

The Government has enacted Right to Information Act 2007 (2064) and Right to Information Rules, 2065 (2009) as legal provisions to protect the right of the citizen to be well-informed that could make adverse impact on the interest of the nation and citizen. The government has formed an Independent National Information Commission for the protection, promotion and practice of right to information.

As key stakeholders in development the citizens have the right to know and to be involved in information exchange and decision-making that affects their lives, resources and properties from the initial stage of a development project.

Community participation, consultation and information dissemination from the beginning is crucial to reduce misunderstandings and successful implementation of a project or program. When the public is well informed and motivated, project/program implementation could be trouble-free. Therefore, the project has given more emphasis to community consultation and information dissemination throughout the preparation of this updated VCDP for its effective planning and implementation.

5.1 Procedure for Consultation and Participation

PRA with indigenous and vulnerable groups was used as the main tool of community consultation and information dissemination for preparation of the updated VCDP. Similarly, key informant interviews, household survey of the directly project affected (indigenous and vulnerable) families, and informal meeting/consultation with the key stakeholders of the project area were also conducted as other tools of community consultation.

During the consultations, the participants were requested to express their views, concerns/issues regarding the project as well as they were informed regarding the project and its activities. Information such as project purpose, project type, impact area, likely impacts and potential opportunities due to project implementation were provided to the people during the consultation. Checklists and questionnaire were developed to facilitate the PRA, KIIs and socioeconomic HH survey.

Altogether 51 PRAs including 28 with Dalits and 23 with indigenous groups (three PRA in each VDC/municipality) were conducted. Altogether 775 participants including 46.1% female representing indigenous and vulnerable groups had participated in the PRA. The average number of participants was 15 persons. The participants of the PRA were purposively selected with the help of local leaders, social workers and teachers.

5.1.1 Consultation with Indigenous People

Altogether 17 PRAs were conducted for consultation with the indigenous people in all the project affected VDCs and Kamalamai Municipality. A total of 391 participants including 57.3% male and 42.7% female participated in the PRA (Annex 2, Table 1). More than six cast/ethnic groups of the project had participated in the PRA. Of them, 26.3% were Tamang, 25.3% Majhi, 18.2% Magar, 16.6% Newar, 12.0% Bhujal and 1.5 from other groups (Annex 2, Table 2). The educational level of the PRA participants was low. Majority of the participants were barely literate. However, a very few of them had completed higher secondary level to bachelor level of formal education (Annex 2, Table

17

3). Subsistence farming was the dominant occupation (66.2%) of the participants. The other main occupations of the participants were salaried job, business, and wage employment. Similarly, a few were engaged in HH work and study (Annex 2, Table 4). The details of the consultation meeting and issues/concern raised by the indigenous participants are presented in Table 5. Table 5 Concerns Raised by the Participants of the Indigenous Community

District S.N Place, VDC/Muni. Date Participants Key Issues/ community needs identified T M F

Dolakha 1 Pipaldanda, Ward No. 6,

Sahare VDC 2070/11/21 20 12 8 1. Small Irrigation facilities 2. Technical Training 3. Local Drinking Water facility

Ramechhap 1 Shivalaya, Ward No. 2,

Khimti VDC 2070/11/25 16 9 7 1. Local Drinking Water facility 2. IG Activities 3. Protection of Majhi’s Fishing Occupation

2 Piple, Ward No. 8 Kathjor VDC 2070/11/26 15 6 9

1. Local Drinking Water facility 2. IG Activities 3. Livestock Support

3 Saap Mare , Ward No. 3, Manthali VDC 2070/11/24 19 11 8

1. Loss of Forest C. Forest 2. Local Drinking Water facility 3. Support for small Irrigation facilities

4 Sinkal, Ward No. 1 Gelu VDC 2070/11/23 14 8 6

1. Livestock Support 2. Technical Training for self-employment 3. Loss of Forest

5 Seleghat, Ward No.84 Bhaluwajor VDC 2070/11/22 22 12 10

1.Support for small Irrigation facilities 2. Self-Employment training 3. Local Drinking Water facility

6 Arubote, W. No. 6, Tilpung VDC 2070/11/23 24 14 10 1. IG Activities

Sindhuli

1 Dhungre, Mudekharka, Ward No. 1,3Bhadrakali VDC

2070/11/27 37 16 21

1. Compensation 2. Support for small Irrigation facilities 3. Compensation for Land under RoW 4.Enhancement of Bhadrakali Temple

2 Nigale, Ward No. 1 Jalkanya VDC

2070/11/28 30 15 15

1. Tree loss near Gadi 2.Technical and vocational Training 3.Support for Road 4. Protection and enhancement of Gadi

3 Laku, Khurkot Ward No. 1,5 Bhimeshwor VDC

2070/11/29 22 12 10 1. Employment 2. Small Irrigation facility 3. Livestock Support

4 SukeKhola and Baghmara, Ward No. 11 Kamalamai NP

2070/11/29 23 9 14 1. Employment 2. Loss of Forest 3. Land Registration of Squatters

5 Fiting, Khatar Ward No. 1 Ranichuri VDC

2070/11/27 38 23 15

1. Health Hazards 2. Shift of Alignment from Settlement 3. Adequate Compensation

6 Khaniyakhark, Ward No. 4 Ratanchura VDC

2070/11/26 17 14 3 1. Resettlement of HHs 2. Compensation for Junar Trees 3. Transparency while distributing Seed Grants

Dhanusha 1 DhapsaTole Ward No. 2

Tulsichad VDC 2070/11/20 22 10 12 1. Support for flood control 2. Employment 3. IG Activities

2 Lalgad, Ward No. 9, Begadawar VDC 2070/11/19 24 17 7

1. Employment 2. Livestock Support 3. Transparency in project implementation

3 VidyutTole, Ward No. 4 Dhalkebar VDC

2070/11/18 28 25 3

1. Economic Upliftment of Poors through self- employment 2. Support for Education 3. Local Drinking Water facility

Mohattari 1 Kalapani, Ward No.6, Gauribas 2070/11/18 20 9 11 1. Technical Training

2. Financial Support Total 391 222 169

18

5.1.2 Consultation with Dalit Communities of the Project Area

Altogether 28 PRAs were conducted for consultation with the vulnerable communities, particularly among the Dalits covering the entire project affected VDCs and Kamalamai Municipality. A total of 384 participants participated in the PRA including 50.5% male and 49.5% female (Annex 2, Table 5). Among the 384 participants of the Dalit community, 38.8% were Kami (Blacksmith), 33.6% Damai (Tailor), 21.1% Sarki (Shoemaker), and 6.8% from other Dalit groups (Annex 2, Table 7). The educational level of the PRA participants was low. Of the participants, 39.1% were literate, 31.8% were barely literate. However, a very few of them had completed higher secondary level to bachelor level of formal education (Annex 2, Table 6). Agriculture was the main occupation of 38.5% of the participants. The other main occupations of the participants were wage employment (16.9%), business (10.7%), and salaried job. Similarly, 24.2% were engaged in HH work and 7.0% in study (Annex 2 Table 8). The details of the consultations and issues/concerns raised by the participants are presented in the Table 6 below.

Table 6 Summary of Issue/Concerns Raised by the Participants of the Dalit Community District S.N. Place, VDC/

Muni. Date Participants Key Issues/concerns raised

T M F

Dolakha 1

Pipaldanda, Ward No. 6, Sahare

VDC

2070/11/21 31 19 12

1. Employment 2. Construction of Water Storage Tank 3. IG Activities

Ramechhap 1

Shivalaya, Ward No. 3 & 4

Khimti VDC 2070/11/25 30 16 24

1.Support in Skill Development Training 2. Local Drinking Water facility 3. IG Activities

2 Tekanpur , Ward

No. 6 & 7 Kathjor VDC

2070/11/26 21 10 11 1.Loss of Forest from Community Forest 1. Local Drinking Water facility 1.Support for Irrigation

3 Manthali VDC 2070/11/24 32 10 22 1. IG Activities

2. Water Storage Tank

4

Ghurpang, Ward No. 1 &Anas Ward No. 2 of Gelu VDC

2070/11/23 16 9 7

1. IG Activities 2. Skill Development Training 3. Loss of Forest

5 HulakDanda, Ward No. 4 Bhaluwajor VDC

2070/11/22 32 11 21 1.Support in Education 2. Employment 3. Local Drinking Water facility

6 Arubote, Ward No. 7, Tilpung VDC

2070/11/23 34 19 15 1. IG Activities

Sindhuli 1

Boharea, Ward No. 9 Bhadrakali VDC

2070/11/27 16 12 4 1. IG Activities

2 School Tole, Ward No. 5 Jalkanya VDC

2070/11/28 20 15 5 1. Loss of Tree nearby Sindhuli Gadhi 2. Drinking Water

3 DharaTole, Ward No. 2 Bhimeshwor VDC

2070/11/29 10 3 7 1. Upliftment of Dalit 2. Employment 3. Skill Development. Training

4 SukeKhola, Ward No. 11 Kamalamai NP

2070/11/29 21 9 12 1. Employment

5 Khaniyakhark, Ward No. 4 Ratanchura VDC

2070/11/26 19 10 9 1. Employment 2. IG Activities 3. Livestock Training

Dhanusha 1

DhapsaTole Ward No. 2 Tulsichad VDC

2070/11/20 22 10 12 1. Loss of Forest 2. Technical Training 3. IG Activities

19

4. Seed Grant 5. Resettlement/& Compensation

2 Lalgad, Ward No. 6, Begadawar VDC

2070/11/19 24 13 11 1. Employment 2. Distribution of Solar Energy 3.

3 Dhalkebar, Ward No. 4 Dhalkebar VDC

2070/11/18 21 12 9 1. Drinking Water 2. Toilet Construction 3. Employment

Mohattari

1

Patudanda, Kalapani, Ward No. 4 & 7, Gauribas VDC

2070/11/18 35 16 19

1. Special Package for Dalit 2. Cottage Industry Training

Total 384 194 200

5.2.3 Consultation with other stakeholders of the Project area

In addition to the PRA, altogether 17 KIIs including 16 KIIs in the VDCs and one in the municipality were conducted. Similarly, of the directly affected total vulnerable families (92 families), socioeconomic survey of 63.0 vulnerable families was conducted as part of the public consultation.

Two informal meetings including one with the Struggle Committee of Khimti-Dalkebar 220 kV TL Project Affected People (with more than 25 people) and one with the government officials and district level key political party leaders were conducted in Kamalamai Municipality of Sindhuli district on March 9, 2014.

Similarly, the study team consulted local leaders, political party leaders, businessmen, teachers, social workers, government officials, and representatives of NGOs/CBOs of the project area to solicit their views, issues and concerns during the field work.

The study team also visited camp site of the struggling people in Kamalamai Municipality and discussed regarding their issues and concerns. Further, the team also observed some important religious and archeological sites affected/close to the TL alignment and settlements affected or close to the TL by the project. The concerns/issues of local people/institutions have been incorporated in relevant section of the updated VCDP.

5.3 Key Issues/Concerns Raised During Community Consultations

Almost all the local people of the project area have positive attitude regarding quick construction of the project realizing the need of transmission line for hydropower development in the country, regular supply of electricity to address more than 12 hours of load shedding. Due to the support of local people almost all the construction work of the project has been completed except 8 towers in Kamalamai Municipality of Sindhuli district.

It could be due to several reasons such as lack of public consultation, community participation during the initial period of the project, lack of adequate and proper information to community, flow of wrong information regarding the impact of the TL, conflict of interest among the local people, delay in construction work, alignment selection, land price hike, expansion of residential areas, changed political scenario etc.

During the community consultation several issues and concerns were raised by the people. The key issues and concerns raised by the local people are related to compensation, employment, implementation of mitigation and enhancement measures and community participation in the project

20

activities. The major issues/concerns raised during consultation process by the IPs, VCs and local stakeholders have been broadly categorized as: 1) compensation, 2) Livelihood, 3) alignment of transmission line, 4) community support and 5) Project information and community participation. The key issues/concern raised by the local people during community consultations is summarized in Table 7. Table 7: Summery of Key Issues and Concerns of Dalit, Indigenous People and Other Stakeholders Key Areas of Concerns Details of Issues/Concerns of Dalit, Indigenous People and Other

Stakeholders of the Project area Compensation • Appropriate compensation for land and private property

• Resettlement of affected families • Low valuation of land under the Row • Refusal of land within ROW for collateral by banks

Livelihood

• Employment to Dalit and Janjati people during the construction period

• Support for coffee/tea promotion • Provide income generating/skill development training

(forest/agriculture related and vocational training: plumbing, carpentry and masonry

Alignment of Transmission Line • Avoid agricultural/private land • Avoid settlements and market/growth centers near the TL • Protect/conserve archeological (Sindhuli Gadhi) site,

religious/tourist places • Minimize load shedding

Community Support • Support for education/ educational materials, library, adult literacy, health and drinking water

• Support for small infrastructure development (like drinking water -reservoir; source improvement, school, toilet in school, irrigation etc.)

• Support for awareness program for health and sanitation, domestic violence and social harmony

• Support for tourism promotion in potential areas • Medicine support to Health posts • Support for flood control/river cutting • Protection of human and livestock from high voltage (electric

hazards) • Information local people about negative impact/risk of 220 kV TL

to human and livestock and safety measures • Minimize loss of community forest trees during construction

Project information and Community Participation

• Provide proper information regarding the project Involve local people during implementation of the project activities

• Maintain transparency in the project activities

5.4 Continuation of Consultation Process

The above issues/concerns of the people will be addressed through different mechanism and support system. Major areas of concerns of the vulnerable community and IPs pertain to compensation, supports for their livelihood, proper information and communication, avoid and minimize negative impacts and enhance participation of the local people at different stages of the project. In addition, the public have demanded several community support programs as a measure to improve their livelihood and socioeconomic environment. Therefore, it seems important for the project and public to sit together and come up with consensus regarding the areas of supports those they might be provided. Continued consultations and proper information dissemination to the public, therefore, seem to be the

21

most strategic approach for the project to discuss and decide areas of supports during construction and operation stages of the project.

22

6. SOCIOECONOMIC INFORMATION OF INDIGENOUS AND VULNERABLE COMMUNITY

6.1 Indigenous Community in the Context of Nepal

Nepal is inhabited by more than 103 different caste/ethnic groups with multi culture, language and religion. Of them 59 caste/ethnic groups are recognized as groups of indigenous peoples Adivasi-Janajati, with distinct cultures, languages and belief systems by the government in 2002.

The total population of the indigenous people was 37.21% (Population Census, 2001) in Nepal and are scattered across mountain, hill and Terai areas of the country. Their concentration is high in rural areas of Nepal. Raute and Kusunda are the nomadic type of people and classified as highly endangered. They are mainly concentrated in remote rural areas and subsistence farming is their main source of livelihood. Most of the indigenous people are deprived of their social, economic, cultural and political rights despite of several policy and legal measures by the government for inclusion in the main stream of development. Therefore, inclusion in the main stream of development is the common voice and main issue of the people. After the Peoples Movement II Jan Andolan II (2062/63) and restoration of democracy these people are organized for their common issue through different organizations. Nepal Federation of Nationalities (NEFEN) is the umbrella organization of the indigenous people voicing for political, economic, social and cultural rights of the indigenous people in Nepal in the context of state transformation.

NEFEN categories the indigenous groups into 5 broad categories based on their population other socio-economic variables such as literacy, housing, land holdings, occupation, language and area of residence at present as 1) Endangered Group (10); 2) Highly Marginalized Group (12); 3) Marginalized Group (20); 4) Disadvantaged Group (15) and 5) Advanced Group (2) Table (8).

Table 8 Categorization of Indigenous Adibasi/Janajati Groups of Nepal Category Ethnic Groups

Endangered Groups

Bankariya, Kusunda, Kushbadia, Raute, Surel, Hayu, Raji, Kisan, Lepcha, Meche (10 groups)

Highly Marginalized Groups

Santhal,Jhangad,Chepang,Thami,Majhi,Bote,Dhanuk (Rajbansi),Lhomi(Singsawa),Thudamba,Siyar(Chumba), Baramu,Danuwar(12groups)

Marginalized Groups

Sunuwar,Tharu,Tamang,Bhujel,Kumal,Rajbansi(Koch), Gangai,Dhimal,Bhote,Darai,Tajpuria,Pahari,Dhokpya (Topkegola),Dolpo,Free,Magal,Larke(Nupriba),Lhopa,Dura, Walung(20groups)

Disadvantaged Groups

Jirel, Tangbe (Tangbetani), Hyolmo, Limbu, Yakkha, Rai, Chhantyal, Magar, Chhairotan, Tingaunle Thakali, Bahragaunle, Byansi, Gurung, Marphali Thakali, Sherpa. (15 groups)

Advanced Groups Newar,Thakali(2groups)

23

6.2 INDIGENOUS COMMUNITY IN THE PROJECT AREA

The project area is inhabited by different indigenous caste/ethnic groups ranging from endangered Hayu group to Newar. In absence of VDC level of caste/ethnic data of 2011 census, it is not possible to estimate their current status. However, as per the 2001 census data the population of the indigenous caste/ethnic groups was dominant in the project area. Of the total population of the project area, the population of indigenous people and was 47.6% (Table 9).

Table: 9 Population Distribution of Janjati, Dalit and Others in the Project Affected VDCs

District& VDC/Municipality Total Population Percentage of Population

Janjati Dalit Others

Dolakha

Sahare 2746 11.9 13.8 74.3

Ramechhap

Kathjor 4779 28.1 12.1 59.8

Gelu 6147 29.2 8 62.8

Khimti 4422 48.5 10.8 40.7

Manthali 5053 37.8 9.3 52.9

Tilpung 4318 44.3 6.6 49.1

Bhaluwajor 3556 72.4 10.3 17.3

Sindhuli

Bhadrakali 4591 71.7 12.1 16.2

Jalkanya 1915 23.7 11.5 64.9

Bhimeshwor 2024 37.2 15.8 47

Ratanchura 2659

Ranichuri 9171 68.7 10.2 21.1

Kamalamai NP 32838 48.2 12.5 39.3

Mahottari

Gauribas 5732 39.9 15.1 45

Dhanusha TulsiChauda 4024 41.2 16.9 41.9

Begadawar 10638 59.1 7.8 33.1

Dhalkebar 9912 46.2 5.8 48

Total/ Percent 114516 47.6 10.9 41.5 Source; CBS 2001, Kathmandu, Nepal

Based on the KII and PRA findings, the socioeconomic statuses of the indigenous people of the project have been summarized below.

Education Statistics and Issues

Lowest Literacy Rate % 25 Highest Literacy Rate % 90 Average Literacy Rate 55

24

Average Literacy of Other Caste % 77 Enrollment Rate% 88 Major Problems of Primary and Lower Secondary Schools Furniture, Drinking Water and Toilets, Need of

Education Materials Major Problems of Secondary and Higher Secondary Schools Need of Laboratory, Library, Sports Ground Reason for Lower Rate of Enrollment of Janajati Children Poverty and Lack of Awareness JanajatiFocused Program- Literacy and Elder Education Program by

PLAN and VDC

Health Statistics and Issues Common Diseases Cold and Fever, Typhoid, Gastric, Jaundice, Respiratory,

Diarrhoea Treatment Practices Health Service Centers Perception on Quality of Government HSC Average Major Problems of Government HSC No Adequate Medicine, Unavailability of Medical Practioners Accessibility Easy Access to only 60% of Consulted Janajati Community.

Other 40% have to walk more than 1.5 hrs to reach Health Service Center. Therefore They usually visit Private Clinics

JanajatiFocused Program No

Drinking Water and Sanitation Statistics and Issues Piped Water Coverage 20 % HHs Public Tap 57% HHs Well 13% HHs Spout, River and Natural Springs 10% HHs Sufficiency of Piped Water No Average Insufficient Months 4 months Issues: Construction of Water Storage Tank to Supply Water in Dry Seasons % Other HHs having Toilet 80 % % Dalit HHs having Toilet 43 % Reason for Low % of Janajati HHs having Toilet

Poverty and Lack of Health Awareness

Practices of Solid Waste Disposal 80% Dump Solid Waste in Bari/Khet (agriculture fields) Practices of Liquid Waste Disposal 80% Drain Liquid Waste in Bari/Khet

Livelihood Statistics and Issues Economic Activities Agriculture, Animal Husbandry, Wage Labor, Foreign Job Dependency Agriculture (70%), Animal Husbandry (5%), Wage Labor and

Foreign Job (25%) % of Janajati HHs able to Produce Enough Food

12% HHs

% of Janajati Landless HHs 15 % HHs Cereal Crops Paddy, Wheat, Maize, Millet Exporting Crops Sugarcane, Ginger JanajatiFocussed Program Poverty Alleviation Program by PAF in 8 Consulted Dalit

Communities out of 23

Migration Statistics and Issues % of Migrant HHs 24 % HHs % of Janajati Migrant HHs 20 % HHs % of Other Migrant HHs 16 % HHs

25

Reason for Migration Unemployment and Poverty Popular Destination India, Qatar, Malaysia, UAE, Kathmandu Issues: Employment Opportunity at Local Level

Implementation of Income Generating Activities Positive Impacts of Remittance Improved Livelihood and Better Access to Education and Health Negative Impacts of Migration Over Workload to Women, Lack of Youth in Community, Inflation

and Social Disputes

Gender and Social Inclusion Statistics and Issues Economic Activities of Janajati Women Agriculture, Animal Husbandry, Wage Labor , Business, Grocery,

Tea Shop Potential Agriculture Activities for Women

Animal Husbandry and Vegetable Farming

Potential Off-Farm Activities for Women

Knitting, Weaving, Cottage Industry

Relationship of Janajati with Other Community

Good

Issues of Women: Domestic Violence

6.3 Dalit Community in the Context of Nepal

Dalit are the most vulnerable groups scattered all over the country with concentration of some groups in some districts. The socioeconomic status of Dalits in Nepal is very low and they are deprived of their social, economic, political and other rights.

The caste-based discrimination is a part of the caste system of the Indian subcontinent originated time-immemorial. The National Code of Nepal, implemented in 1854 had classified all the Nepalese people into four caste hierarchy (Barna) based on their occupational: 1. Brahmin "Sacred thread wearing", 2. Chhetri “ruling class”, 3. Baisa "touchable low castes", and 4. Chudra (Dalits) "Untouchables" and 36 castes. The National Civil Code of Nepal “Muluki Ain”, 1963 was an landmark attempt for reform in the system.However the caste based discrimation; and practices of untouchability remained unchanged despite of different legal and policy measures by the government. The discrimination is also exists among the different Dalits based on their occupation structure. There are 22 identified Dalits distributed all over the country identified by The National Dalit Commission that include five of the Hill origin Dalits and seventeen Terai origin (Table 10 )

Table: 10 Classifications of Dalits by Origin in Nepal

Classification Caste/Ethnic Groups

Hill Dalits

1. Gandarva/Gaine, 2. Pariyar/ Damai, 3.Badi, 4. Kami, (BK) 5. Sarki

Terai Dalits

1. Khatik, 2. Khatbe, 3. Chamar, 4. Chidimar, 4. Dom, 5. Tatma, 6. Dusadh (Paswan), 7. Dhobi, 8. Pattharkatta, 9. Pasi (Paswan), 10. Bantar, 11. Musahar, 12. Mehtar /Halkhor, 13. Sarvanga /Sarbariya, 14. Kaluwar, 15. Kori, 16. Kakahiya

6.4 Dalit Community in the Project area

Dalit are the most vulnerable groups scattered all in all the VDCs and municipality of the project area. Their socioeconomic status is very low as in other parts of Nepal. According to the population

26

census of 2001 the population of Dalit was 10.9% in the project area. Based on the KII and PRA findings, the socioeconomic statuses of the Dalit communities of the project have been summarized below.

Education Detail information Lowest Literacy Rate % 10 Highest Literacy Rate % 75 Average Literacy Rate Dalit % 26 Average Literacy of Other Caste % 65 Enrollment Rate% 75 Major Problems of Primary and Lower Secondary Schools Furniture, Drinking Water and Toilets Major Problems of Secondary and Higher Secondary Schools Need of Laboratory, Library, Sports Ground Reason for Lower Rate of Enrollment of Dalit Children Poverty and Lack of Awareness Dalit Focused Program Adult literacy Program by PLAN

Health Detail information Common Diseases Cold and Fever, Typhoid, Pneumonia, Diarrhoea Treatment Practices Health Service Centers Perception on Quality of Government HSC

Average

Major Problems of Government HSC No Adequate Medicine, Unavailability of ealth Practioners Accessibility Easy Access to only 50% of Consulted Dalit Community. Other

50% have to walk more than 1.5 hrs to reach Health Service Center Dalit Focused Program Suahara Program implemented by NGO in two Communities out of

28 Consulted Dalit Communities (VDC?)

Drinking Water and Sanitation Detail information Piped Water Coverage 30 % HHs Public Tap 37% HHs Well 13% HHs Spout, River and Natural Springs 30% HHs Sufficiency of Piped Water No Average Insufficient Months 4 months Issues: Construction of Water Storage Tank to Supply Water in Dry Seasons % Other HHs having Toilet 65 % % Dalit HHs having Toilet 40 % Reason for Low % Dalit HHs having Toilet

Poverty and Lack of Health Awareness

Practices of Solid Waste Disposal 80% of Consulted Community Dump Solid Waste in Open Field Practices of Liquid Waste Disposal 80% of Consulted Community Flows Liquid Waste in Open Field

Livelihood Detail information Economic Activities Agriculture, Animal Husbandry, Wage Labor, Foreign Job Dependency Agriculture (60%), Animal Husbandry (10%), Wage Labor and

Foreign Job (30%) % of Dalit HHs able to Produce Enough Food

1 % HHs

% of Dalit Landless HHs 35 % HHs Cereal Crops Paddy, Wheat, Maize, Millet Exporting Crops Sugarcane, Ginger

27

Dalit Focussed Program Poverty Alleviation Program by PAF in 10 Consulted Dalit Communities out of 28

Migration Detail information

% of Migrant HHs 24 % HHs % of Dalit Migrant HHs 8 % HHs % of Other Migrant HHs 16 % HHs Reason for Migration Unemployment and Poverty Popular Destination India, Qatar, Malaysia, UAE, Kathmandu Issues: Employment Opportunity at Local Level

Implementation of Income Generating Activities Positive Impacts of Remittance Improved Livelihood and Better Access to Education and Health Negative Impacts of Migration Over Workload to Women, Lack of Youth in Community

Gender and Social Inclusion Detail information Economic Activities of Dalit Women Animal Husbandry, Collection of Fuel wood and Sell, Wage

Labor and Agriculture Potential Agriculture Activities for Women Animal Husbandry and Vegetable Farming Potential Off-Farm Activities for Women Knitting, Weaving, Cottage Industry Relationship of Dalit and Janajati with Other Community

Good

Issues of Women: Domestic Violence

28

7. ENHANCEMENT MEASURES

The proponent as its prime responsibility will implement mitigation and enhancement measures at household as well at community level as suggested in the updated VCDP to minimize the impacts of the TL Project on the IPs and vulnerable groups. The proposed activities include awareness raising, support for small infrastructure development and livelihood improvement of the affected families and communities of IPs and vulnerable groups as specified in the VCDP (See Table 14 below and Annex 3 for details). In this section, following measures are suggested.

7.1 Awareness Raising Program

Lack of proper dissemination of the project information (beneficial and adverse) and public consultation during planning, survey and construction phases as well as providing false information by the field survey team of TL and contractor like telling lies to the people as survey for irrigation project by diverting water of Sunkoshi River, survey for mobile tower and cable car etc which is one of the major causes of misunderstanding between the local people of the study area particularly in Kamalamai VDC. Similarly, misinformation regarding the high voltage line and its adverse impact on human and animal due to its electromagnetic fields, risk of electrical hazards, expansion of settlements due to delay in construction, price hike and expectation of high compensation and conflict of interest are the other causes for the project implementation. Lack of awareness of people about Project are caused due to lack of correct information dissemination, mass awareness raising programs regarding the importance of TL project through different IEC activities, beneficial impacts of the project to the people and nation, project’s impacts on health and precautionary measures about safety, regular interaction with the local people particularly the IPs and Dalits.

7.2 Community Infrastructure Support Program

As other parts of Nepal, there is lack of community infrastructures like, drinking water facility, school and health facilities. Shortage of drinking water (more than 4 months) is the major problem in the area. Similarly, poor physical facilities and infrastructure of educational institution, lack of irrigation facility, poor status of rural access road, electrification are the other problems of the area and access to these facilities are far particularly in the IPs and dalit communities. Therefore following enhancement measures proposed to uplift the socioeconomic status of the IPs and Dalits of the area.

1. Drinking Water

• Rehabilitation of old drinking water systems and construction of small scale DW schemes, tube-well, dug-well in the IPs and Dalit settlements (demand in all the VDCs) based on hardship, technical feasibility and local participation could help them to solve. About 25.0% of the IP and Dalits of the area have access to piped water but it is also not perennial.

• The K-D 220 TL has supported construction of drinking water scheme for the tourists at Sindhuli Gadhi (fort) during its initial phase of construction. However, its physical condition is very poor in absence of rehabilitation work and requires support for rehabilitation.

29

2. River Control

• The settlement of Dalit (about20 HHs) located in Dhalke settlement is at high risk of river-cutting and flood and require river protection

• The Dhapha Tol of Tulsi Bahunmar inhabited by Majhi require river control to protect the settlement as well as the tower of K-D 220 kV.

3. Irrigation

• Most VDCs of the project area are food deficit. The IPs and Dalits of the area have small holding and could not grow enough food for subsistence. Lack of irrigation facility is the major constraint to increase their agriculture production. Construction of small scale of irrigation schemes (based on technical feasibility and community participation) could help to increase agriculture production of the families and enhance their livelihood.

4. Protection of archeological/historical and religious sites

• The Sindhuli Gadhi (fort) is one of the important historical sites of Nepal and Pride of Sindhuli. The Gorkha Army had defeated the British Army in the war during the Prithivi Narayan Saha regime (November, 1767). This is the popular tourist place and picnic spot where many people visit for observation and recreation. Local people demanded support for construction of about 300 m drainage to protect access road from run-off, maintenance of Aadh (front-gun point), repair & maintenance of foot trail from Aadh to main fort, repairing and conservation of fort and other facilities etc.

• The local people demanded to support Bhadrakali Temple (Bhadra Kali VDC) for its conservation. It is one of the important religious sites of Sindhuli.

5. School Support Program

• people of the area expecting support for public schools located in/near the IPs and Dalits settlements to strengthen their physical facilities i.e. building, DW, Toilet and renovation works

6. Plantation and Water Sources Conservation

• Local people reported that during construction of the TL, trees from their community forests were cleared. Due to the tree clearance there is vegetation loss and as a result their water sources are drying.

7.3 Livelihood Improvement and Income Generation

As most of the affected families are IPs, Dalits and other vulnerable groups are marginal farmers and few landless, to enhance their socioeconomic status livelihood improvement and income generation activities are required for the household who have lost their house or property. These support programs will be provided to one family of each affected household of IP, Dalit and other vulnerable groups based on set criteria of vulnerability and or severity of impact. Following livelihood improvement and income generation activities are proposed:

30

1. Agriculture and Livestock Support

There is potentiality of agriculture and livestock development for increasing income of the the IPs, Dalits and other vulnerable groups. The project will support the affected households in the following potential areas of agriculture and livestock development.

• Seasonal and off season vegetable farming • Goat. poultry and piggery farming • Bee keeping • Fishery • Tea and coffee promotion • Mushroom cultivation • Horticulture (focus on citrus species) • Fodder production • Ginger cultivation

2. Skill Training

Remittance from foreign employment is one of the prominent source of income for the IPs and Dalit households of the project area. As per the HH survey of affected families, income from foreign employment is the second largest source of income for the IPs and Dalits HHs. Due to the remittance the quality of life of most of the households is improved. They are able to manage family expenses, provide food and clothing to family and afford education to their children. However, as most migrant workers are unskilled their income is very low. If they are provided skill training as mentioned below could increase their income to about 100.0%. Therefore, the project will provide skill training to interested and qualified one family member who has lost their land and income as result of the project. The suggested themes of the skill training are as follows:

• Carpentry • Masonry • Advance house wiring • Advance house wiring • Repair and maintenance mechanical and electrical equipments • Plumbing/walding • Mobile/TV/Radio repair • Driving • Cook • Knitting/weaving

More details of the proposed components and activities, locations, target groups, instruments/ tools and time schedule are provided in Table 14 hereunder.

31

Table 11: Details of Impacts Mitigation and Enhancement Measures

Proposed Components and Activities Components-1: Awareness Program 1.Information Communication and Dissemination

Plans/ Activities Locations (VDCs) Beneficiary Number/ Caste/Ethnicities

Mechanism (Instruments/ Tools)

Time (When)

Responsibility

i)Printing and distribution of Project related IEC materials

Vulnerable Groups/ PAFs and Teachers/ Students

All people including PAFs of the Project area

Leaflets/ Brochures and Calendar

2014/15 Project/ Local and National Media

ii) Mass campaigning about Project’s impacts on health/ diseases and safety measures

Project VDCs/ Kamalamai and other markets

All people of Project area and district

Printed materials FM/ TV Local magazines

2014/15 Project/ Local and National Media

Component -2: Community Infrastructure Support 1. Small Drinking Water Supply Schemes

Renovation/ Upgrading the existing system or dug well construction

7 Settlements of Project affected VDCs viz Sahare, Khimti, Kathjor, Manthali, Seleghat, Bhimeshwor, Dhalkebar

Mostly vulnerable groups (about 60% IPs, 20% Dalits and 20% others.

Technical assessment and renovation/ upgrading the system of lifting water by electricity; pipe water supply and dug wells in Dhanusha

2014 Project/ District Drinking Water Supply Office/ VDCs/ User Groups

2. Improvement of Minor Irrigation Systems/ Channels

New construction/ renovation or intake construction/ improvement

2 Settlements of Sahare and Bhimeshwor

About 250 hhs of the villages comprising of IPs, Dalits and other caste groups.

Technical assessment of the system followed by construction/ improvement

2014/15 Project/ Division Irrigation Office, VDCs/ User Groups

3. River Control Construction of spurs/ dams to check river floods

2 sites; Dhapsha Tol of Tulsi VDC and Dhalkebar Tol

Many Majhi households of Tulsi VDC and about 20 Dalit hhs of Dhalkebar

Technical assessment and construction of dams/ spurs

2014/15 Project/ DDC/ VDC/ User Groups

4.School Support Programs

Construction of School building/ rooms; Drinking water, Toilets and furniture

Bhimeshwor, Seleghat and Dhalkebar,

VDCs dominated by ethnic minorities

Visit schools and collect demands and provide supports.

2014 Project/ VDC/ Parents/ Students

5.Conservation of Construction of gate in access Sindhuligadi (Fort District, local Technical assessment, 2014/15 Project/

32

Sindhuligadi Heritage

road; about 300 metre drainage, maintenance of Aadh, repair & maintenance of foot trail from Aadh to main fort, repairing and conservation of fort and other facilities (historical well, drinking water, gardening, planning of picnic spots etc)

and Front Line Gun Post from where the TL is aligned)

communities/ people due to increased flow of tourism.

master planning, provide possible supports

Department of Archeology/ DDC/ Business Community

6.Plantation and Water Source Conservation

Plantation of trees and herbal plants in forests cleared for TL Project

All community forests cleared for TL purpose

All CFUGs, poor and vulnerable households

Assessment by DFO staff and manage supply and plantation of seedlings

2014/15 Project/ DFO/ CFUGs

Component-3: Livelihood Improvement and Income Generation 1.Agriculture including Cash Crop Production/ Diversification

Seasonal and offseason vegetable production including cash crop production (mushroom, tea, coffee, ginger, fruits etc)

Many settlements with suitable climate/ soil/ irrigation etc

Vulnerable people of all Project Affected VDCs including women and Dalits.

Assessment of potential products and supply of inputs/ extension services and technologies

2014/15 Project/ DADO/ Farmer Groups/ Cooperatives/ Service Providers/ NGOs/ Banks

2. Livestock Raising/ Fishery and Bee Keeping

Improved livestock species of goats/ pigs; Support for fishery and bee keeping

Settlements of IPs/Dalits and women groups and entrepreneurs

Vulnerable IPs and Dalits of all communities

Technical assessment, demand collection, provide necessary supports for different groups of farmers.

2014/15 Project/ DADO/ Other Line Agencies/ Service Providers/ NGOs/ Banks

3. Vocational Education and Skill Training

Carpentry, Masonry, House wiring, Repair and maintenance, Mechanical and electrical equipment, Plumbing, Wielding, Mobile/TV/Radio repair, Driving, Cooking/ knitting and weaving

All the Project affected VDCs and Municipality depending upon market opportunities locally and abroad

About 100 males and females from vulnerable households losing land for the Project in affected VDCs

Need Assessment of the potential trainees; market study and employment opportunities; Selection of the trainees using criteria for eligibility to participate in the training

2014/15 Project/ CTEVT/ Donors/ Private Service Providers/ NGOs

33

8. IMPLEMENTATION MECHANISM AND INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT

8.1 Institutional Arrangement

The overall responsibility of implementing this updated VCDP lies with Nepal Electricity Authority and the Khimti- Dalkebar 220 kV Transmission Line Project. The Environmental and Social Studies Department (ESSD) of NEA which was engaged since the beginning of Project implementation has to be reengaged fully and responsibly to implement the activities proposed in the updated VCDP. ESSD will work in close coordination with the Project Manager and chief of the KDTL. The NEA through project manager and ESSD will follow up of the grievances put forth by the PAPs regarding implementation of the activities stipulated in this VCDP including livelihood restoration measures on time. In particular, the Communication Officer along with two community Liaison Officers and local NGOs/Consultants having relevant experiences of working with communities procured by NEA will be responsible for implementing the activities of VCDP.

In addition, Project will be assisted by ESSD. ESSD will have to report the progress of VCDP implementation on trimester basis for the remaining period of project implementation.

8.2 Implementation Schedule

The KDTL Project will ensure that funds are delivered on time to implement the activities specified in the updated VCDP. Implementation of the updated VCDP will be completed in one year from the date of its implementation. The Tentative schedule will be as follows:

Activities Tentative Schedule/Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

1.Planning/Preparation & establishment of KD - VCDPIU and LCF

2.Community mobilization and implementation of updated VCDP activities

3.Monitoring progress of VCDP implementation

4.Preparation and submission of monitoring and progress

8.3 Grievance Redress Mechanism

At Project level, an effective grievance redress mechanism will be established to allow project affected persons (PAPs) to file or appeal any disagreeable decisions, practices and activities with which they are not satisfied. As part of the grievance redress mechanism (GRM), the PAPs will be made fully aware of their rights and the procedures to follow and also file their grievances in writing accordingly.

34

The PAPs will have unhindered access to the grievance redress officials to forward and file complains without being intimidated or being deterred by excessive bureaucratic hurdles. Furthermore, APs will be exempted from all administrative fees incurred, pursuant to the grievance redressed procedures except for cases filed in court. Proposed mechanism for grievance resolution has four stages as given below in the Box.

Box-1: Stages of Grievance Redress Mechanism

Stage 1: Communication Officer: All PAPs along with concerned local people can complain on any aspects of VCDP implementation to the Communication Officer (CO) based in the field. The CO will review the grievance, visit the site if necessary to assess the issues and arrange meeting with the APs and other people in the community to settle the disputes informally or formally. Such meeting or consultation with the involvement of CO and village level leaders will be helpful to come up with a proper solution. It will be the responsibility of the CO to resolve the issue within 15 days from the date of the complaint received. The CO will be assisted by two Community Liaison Officers hired by project in this regard.

Stage 2: Project Manager: If no understanding or amicable solution is reached or no response made from the Communication Officer as mentioned in Stage 1, the APs can appeal to the Project Manager with his complaint. The Project Manager will hold a joint meeting with the APs, the Project field staff and other concerned members of the community. The Project Manager, after hearing all the grievances and visiting the sites if necessary, will settle the grievance within 15 days after lodging the complaint to him.

Stage 3: CDO: If the complaints or grievances of PAPs are not resolved at first and second stage mentioned above, the APs will directly approach to the Chief District Officer (CDO) who is also the Chairperson of the CDC. While lodging the complaints, the APs must produce adequate documents / proofs to support his/her grievances. The CDO or his staff will take the decisions within 15 days of registering the appeal and resolve the issues.

Stage 4: District Court: If the APs are not satisfied with the decision of CDO or in absence of any response of its representatives within 15 days of the complaints filed, the APs, as his/her last resort, may appeal about the complaints and file the case to the court with the required evidences and documents as asked by the court. The court will be the final authority to take decision on the grievances within 35 days from the date of grievance field to him.

35

9. MONITORING AND EVALUATION MECHANISM

9.1 General

One of the main objectives of the project is to improve living standard of the affected community or at

least restore their livelihood to pre-project level by implementing appropriate mitigation measures.

Effective monitoring and evaluation systems will be introduced to ensure the proper monitoring of the

updated VCDP implementation.

9.2 Monitoring

Monitoring of the implementation of varies activities prescribed in VCDP will be carried out to ensure that their goals are met. The VCDP implementation activities will be closely monitored internally by the KD TL project through NEA’s ESSD. The monitoring involve: (i) administrative monitoring to ensure that implementation is on schedule and problems are dealt with on a timely basis; (ii) socio-economic monitoring during and after VCDP implementation by utilizing baseline information generated while updating this VCDP; (iii) overall monitoring to assess AP status; and (iv) preparation of progress reports to be submitted to NEA reporting actual achievements against the targets fixed and reasons for shortfalls, if any.

Participatory approach will be adopted for the monitoring of the VCDP implementation. A

performance data sheet will be developed to monitor the VCDP activities at the field level. Field level

monitoring will be carried out through:

• Opinion survey of the IPs, Dalit and women headed HHs of the project affected HHs

• Consultation with IPs, Dalit and other vulnerable communities

• Key informants interview with (local leaders, government officials, NGOs/CBOs)

• PRA

• FGD

• Field observation

Progress of implemented activities as per their nature, construction quality, and local participation in

the updated VCDP activities, occupational safety and employment are the major parameters of

monitoring.

9.3 Reporting

The ESSD will be responsible for the preparation of the updated VCDP Monitoring Report. The

report will be distributed through Project Managers Office to the concerned agencies. The ESSD will

prepare following reports.

36

Implementation phase report of the updated VCDP will be prepared on quarterly basis and a final

report of implementation of the updated VCDP will be prepared after the completion of the work.

9.4 Impact Evaluation

After completion of the updated VCDP implementation (1 year) an evaluation study will be

conducted. The evaluation study will focus on the following aspects:

• Evaluation of updated VCDP implementation focusing on stipulated activities.

• Evaluation of updated VCDP activities by summing up the outcomes of activities as per

the VCDP.

• Socioeconomic survey to measure changes in living standard of the affected

households/persons compared to pre-project situation.

9.5 Monitoring and Evaluation Mechanism

The project will monitor the implementation of VCDP on regular basis. Monthly progress reports will be prepared for the first six months of implementation and thereafter quarterly progress reports will be prepared. Monitoring and evaluation will be based on output; outcome and impact indicators. The details of monitoring and evaluation parameters are given in table 12

Table 12 Monitoring and Evaluation Parameters, Methods, Schedule

Levels Indicators Methods Frequency Responsibility

Activity/Output Level

Awareness raising programs as per VCDP implemented

Review of progress report/field verification/

meeting

Monthly &quarterly

KD TL Project + ESSD+ Consultants

Community infrastructure support programs as per VCDP implemented

Review of progress report/field verification/

meeting

Monthly &quarterly

KD TL Project + ESSD+ Consultants

Livelihood improvement and income generation programs as per VCDP implemented

Review of progress report/field verification/

meeting

Monthly &quarterly

KD TL Project + ESSD+ Consultants

Outcome Level No. of HHs benefited from awareness program activities

Review of progress report/ meeting

Monthly &quarterly

KD TL Project + ESSD+ Consultants

Livelihood improvement activities implemented and people/HHs benefited

Review of progress report/field verification/ meeting

Monthly &quarterly

KD TL Project + ESSD+ Consultants

Nos. and types of community infrastructures constructed and

Review of progress report/field verification

Monthly KD TL Project +

37

operated &quarterly ESSD+ Consultants

Meeting /consultation held at different levels ( no. of meetings, no. of complains filled, handled and resolved

Review of progress report/field verification/ meeting

Monthly &quarterly

KD TL Project + ESSD+ Consultants

Income generation/restoration measures taken and changes in HH income

Review of progress report/field verification/

Meeting/HH survey

Half yearly/ annually

KD TL Project + ESSD+ Consultants

C. Impact Level Improved livelihoods of both men and women through self-employment (income, consumption, poverty reduction, education, health, HH assets etc.)

Review of progress report by disaggregated gender data /field verification/meeting and /HH survey

After completion of the VCDP implementation

Third party monitoring and evaluation- Independent Consultant

Social/ gender empowerment (leadership, decision making, participation, representative etc.) • reduction in gender based

domestic violence • improved economic condition

for women • greater role in decision making

at both household and community level

Review of progress report by disaggregated gender data /field verification/meeting and /HH survey

After completion of the VCDP implementation

Third party monitoring and evaluation- Independent Consultant

Social wellbeing( self-satisfaction, security issues and problems)

Review of progress report by disaggregated gender data /field verification/meeting and HH survey

After completion of the VCDP implementation

Third party monitoring and evaluation- Independent Consultant

38

10. ESTIMATED BUDGET

The cost estimation for the implementation of VCDP excluding the cost of compensation and rehabilitation a mo u n t is approximately N R s . 20524625.00 a s presented in table 12. The program cost will be funded by NEA through KDTL Project. However, a small portion of the cost is anticipated to be covered through other sources l ike dis t r ic t l ine agencies , DDC and VDCs Table 13: Estimated Budget for VCDP

S.N.

Plans, Programs & Activities

Unit/Rate Amount in NRs. Unit amount Total amount

A. Awareness Raising Program LS 300000 300000 Sub Total –A 300000 B Community Infrastructure Support Program a Drinking Water (Feasibility study of GF system, construction of 5 small schemes,

renovation of 5 old schemes and installation of 2 tube-wells/dug wells) LS 2500000 2500000

b River Control LS 1000000 1000000 c Irrigation (Feasibility study of and construction 5 small schemes and improvement

of 5 old schemes ) LS 2500000 2500000

d Protection of archeological/historical and religious sites LS 1500000 1500000 e School Support Program 5x2 5 2000000 2000000 f Plantation and Water Sources Conservation LS 200000 200000

g Sub-Total –B 10300000 C Livelihood Improvement and Income Generation 1 Agriculture and Livestock Support

a Seasonal and off season vegetable production LS 500000 500000 b Goat. poultry and piggery farming LS 500000 500000 c Bee keeping LS 200000 200000 d Fishery LS 100000 100000 e Tea and coffee promotion LS 200000 200000 f Mushroom cultivation LS 100000 100000

g Horticulture (focus on citrus species) LS 100000 100000 h Fodder production LS 200000 200000

i Ginger cultivation LS 100000 100000 Sub-Total –C 2000000 D Vocational Skill Training * a Carpentry 15 10000 150000 b Masonry 10 10000 100000 c Advance house wiring 8 90000 720000 e Repair and maintenance of mechanical and electrical equipment 10 45000 450000

f Plumbing/welding 10 45000 450000 g Mobile/TV/Radio repair 12 45000 540000

h Driving 8 45000 360000 i Cook 9 45000 405000 j Sewing, Knitting/weaving 10 45000 450000

Sub-Total –D 3625000 Total ( A to D) 16225000 Miscellaneous /Contingency 10.00% 1622500 Total Program Cost 17847500 Implementation/Monitoring Cost (15% of the Program Cost) 2677125

Grand Total 20524625

*Vocational training will be imparted to 92 family members of vulnerable households directly affected by the project.

39

ANNEXES

40

Annex – 1: Baseline Tables of HH Survey

Table:1 Distribution of Vulnerable Households and Population in the Project Area

Category Population Households Male Female Total Sex ratio Total Av. HH size

Indigenous 121 113 234 1.07 39 6.0 Dalits 18 21 39 0.86 7 5.6 Others 36 39 75 0.92 12 6.3 Total/Average 175 173 348 1.01 58 6.0 Percentage 50.29 49.71 100 - - - Note: Others included women headed households of Brahmin, Chettri and Yadav caste/ethnic groups. Source: HH Survey, 2014

Table: 2 Caste/Ethnic Compositions of the Surveyed Households

Caste/Ethnic Group No. of HHs Percentage

Indigenous: - Bhujel 3 5.17

Dalit(Kami/Sarki) 3 5.17

Gururng 1 1.72

Hayu 2 3.45

Magar 10 17.24

Majhi 3 5.17

Newar 7 12.07

Tamang 10 17.24

Total 39 67.24

Dalit Damai 2 3.45

Kami 4 6.90

Sarki 1 1.72

Total 7 12.07

Other(Woman Headed) Brahmin 5 8.62

Chettri 6 10.34

Yadav 1 1.72

Total 14 24.14 Total HHs: 58 100.00 Source: Household survey, 2014

41

Table: 3 Families Structure of the Households

Category Family Type Nuclear Joint Total HHs

Indigenous 24 15 39 Dalits 3 4 7 Others 5 7 12 Total 32 26 58 Percentage 55.17 44.83 100.00 Source: Household survey, 2014

Table: 4 Distribution of Population by Broad Age Groups

Category Broad Age Group Population 0-14 years 15-59 years 60 and above

Indigenous 55 151 28 234 Dalit 8 28 3 39 Others 19 51 5 75 Total 82 230 36 348 Percentage 23.56 66.09 10.34 100.00 Source: Household survey, 2014

Table: 5 Distribution of Population by Marital Status of the Project Area

Category Marital Status Population Unmarried Married Widow/Widower

Indigenous 103 118 13 234 Dalits 17 16 4 39 Others 31 36 8 75 Total 102 114 16 348 Percentage 43.97 48.85 7.18 100.00 Source: Household survey, 2014

Table: 6 Literacy Status (Population of 6 Years and Above) 0f Indigenous Population

Literacy Status Male Female Total No. % No. % No. %

Illiterate 11 9.91 28 29.17 39 18.84 Literate 100 90.09 68 70.83 168 81.16 Total 111 100.00 96 100.00 207 100.00 Percentage 53.62 46.38 100.00 Source: Household survey, 2014

42

Table: 7 Literacy Status (Population of 6 Years and Above) 0f Dalit Population

Literacy Status Male Female Total No. % No. % No. %

Illiterate 3 15.79 5 29.41 8 22.22 Literate 16 84.21 12 70.59 28 77.78 Total 19 100.00 17 100.00 36 100.00 Percentage 52.78 47.22 100.00 Source: Household survey, 2014

Table: 8 Educational Attainment among the Literate Indigenous Population

Educational Attainment

Male Female Total No. % No. % No. %

Literate only 2 2.00 8 11.76 10 5.95 Primary Level 28 28.00 22 32.35 50 29.76 Lower Secondary 23 23.00 13 19.12 36 21.43 Secondary 11 11.00 4 5.88 15 8.93 SLC 11 11.00 14 20.59 25 14.88 Intermediate 16 16.00 5 7.35 21 12.50 Bachelors and above 9 9.00 2 2.94 11 6.55 Total (Literate) 100 100.00 68 100.00 168 100.00

Source: Household survey, 2014

Table: 9 Educational Attainment among the Literate Dalit Population

Educational Attainment

Male Female Total % No. % % No. %

Literate only 1 6.25 2 16.67 3 10.71 Primary Level 5 31.25 5 41.67 10 35.71 Lower Secondary 4 25 2 16.67 6 21.43 Secondary 4 25 3 25.00 7 25.00 SLC 1 6.25 0.00 1 3.57 Intermediate 1 6.25 0.00 1 3.57 Bachelors and above 0 0.00 0.00 Total (Literate) 16 100 12 100.00 28 100.00 Source: Household survey, 2014

Table: 10 Literacy Status (Population of 6 Years and Above) 0f Other Population

Literacy Status Male Female Total No. % No. % No. %

Illiterate 2 6.67 10 28.57 12 18.46 Literate 28 93.33 25 71.43 53 81.54 Total 30 100.00 35 100.00 65 100.00 Percentage 52.78 47.22 100.00 Source: Household survey, 2014

43

Table: 11 Educational Attainment among the Literate Other Population

Educational Attainment

Male Female Total % No. % % No. %

Literate only 1 3.57 4 16.00 5 9.43 Primary Level 5 17.86 6 24.00 11 20.75 Lower Secondary 6 21.43 3 12.00 9 16.98 Secondary 3 10.71 2 8.00 5 9.43 SLC 3 10.71 5 20.00 8 15.09 Intermediate 6 21.43 4 16.00 10 18.87 Bachelors and above 4 14.29 1 4.00 5 9.43 Total (Literate) 28 100.00 25 100.00 0.00 Source: Household survey, 2014

Table: 12 Occupational Composition of Indigenous Population (14 to 59 Years)

Major Occupations Category Male Female Total

No. % No. % No. % Agriculture 9 11.25 10 14.08 19 12.58 Business and Small Industry 8 10 5 7.04 13 8.61 Labor wage(In country) 15 18.75 8 11.27 23 15.23 Labor wage(Outside country) 10 12.5 1 1.41 11 7.28 Service(Inside country) 18 22.5 4 5.63 25 16.56 Student 20 25 13 18.31 33 21.85 Households works 0 0 30 42.25 30 19.87 Total 80 100 71 100.00 151 100.00 Source: Household survey, 2014

Table: 13 Occupational Composition of Dalit Population (14 to 59 Years)

Major Occupations Category Male Female Total

No. % No. % No. % Agriculture 1 7.14 1 7.14 2 7.14 Business and Small Industry 0.00 0.00 0.00 Labor wage(In country) 10 71.43 3 21.43 12 42.86 Labor wage(Outside country) 2 14.29 0.00 2 7.14 Service(Inside country) 0.00 0.00 0.00 Student 1 7.14 2 14.29 3 10.71 Households works 0 0.00 8 57.14 9 32.14 Total 14 100.00 14 100.00 28 100.00 Source: Household survey, 2014

44

Table: 14 Occupational Composition of Other Population (14 to 59 Years)

Major Occupations Category Male Female Total

No. % No. % No. % Agriculture 3 12.00 9 34.62 12 23.53 Business and Small Industry 1 4.00 0.00 1 1.96 Labor wage(In country) 4 16.00 3 11.54 7 13.73 Labor wage(Outside country) 5 20.00 0.00 5 9.80 Service(Inside country) 6 24.00 3 11.54 9 17.65 Student 6 24.00 4 15.38 10 19.61 Households works 0 0.00 7 26.92 7 13.73 Total 25 100.00 26 100.00 51 100.00 Source: Household survey, 2014

Table: 15 Food Sufficiency of the Households by Own Production

Vulnerable Category Sufficiency HHs Yes No

Indigenous 3 36 39 Dalits - 7 7 Others 4 8 12 Total 7 51 58 Percentage 12.07 87.93 100.00 Source: Household survey, 2014

Table: 16 Food Deficiency of the Households

Category Food Deficit Month Total No. of HHs < 3 3-5 6-9 >9

Indigenous 2 8 15 1 26 Dalits - 2 5 7 Others 7 3 10

Total 3 22 24 2 51

Percentage 5.88 43.14 47.06 3.92 100.00 Source: Household survey, 2014

45

Table:17 Debt Status of the Vulnerable Households

Category Debt Status Yes No Total No. of HHs

Indigenous 15 24 39 Dalits 2 5 7 Others 7 5 12 Total 24 34 58 Percentage 41.38 58.62 100.00 Source: Household survey, 2014

Table:18 Income Sources of Vulnerable Households

Income Source Indigenous Dalits Others Average Income

% Average income

% Average Income

%

Agriculture and animal husbandry Income

12295 5.36

4643 2.89

18000 7.98

Service 83897 36.56 25714 15.98 103667 45.94 Business 51282 22.35 0.00 17917 7.94 Daily Wages/Porter 38359 16.72 70857 44.03 24333 10.78 Briddha Bhatta 1077 0.47 1714 1.07 500 0.22 Remittance 42564 18.55 58000 36.04 61250 27.14 Total Average Income 229474 100.00 160928 100.00 225667 100.00

Source: Household survey, 2014

Table:19 Average Annual Income of Surveyed vulnerable Households

Category Annual Average Income from Different Sources Agriculture Livestock Non-Agriculture All Rs. % Rs. % Rs. % Rs. %

Indigenous 10095 4.40 2200 0.96 217179 94.64 229474 100.00 Dalits 3643 2.26 1000 0.62 156285 97.11 160928 100.00 Others 15000 6.65 3000 1.33 207667 92.02 225667 100.00 Total/Avg. 10331 2221 207862 220414 Percentage 4.69 1.01 94.31 100.00 Source: Household survey, 2014

46

Table: 20 Average Annual Expenditure of the Households

Category Expenditure Heading Food Items

Clothing Education Medicine Festival Fuel Water/Electricity Transport Expenditure

Indigenous 41.03 15.38 15.38 0.00 0.00 2.05 3.08 7.69 149200 Dalits 51.88 10.46 6.11 1.22 1.54 1.63 3.33 5.23 128000 Others 40.98 14.63 2.93 9.76 2.44 1.46 1.46 1.95 155000 Total/Avg. 42.12 13.75 8.77 5.26 1.75 2.49 2.46 7.31 147841

Source: Householdsurvey, 2014

Table: 21 Source of Energy for the HHs for cooking purpose

Category

Source Fuel wood Biogas LPG

HHs % No. % HHs % Indigenous 34 87.18 0.00 5 12.82 Dalits 6 85.71 - 1 14.29 Others 8 66.67 1 8.33 3 25.00 Total 48 82.76 1 1.72 9 15.52

Source: Household survey, 2014

Table: 22 Source of Fuel wood for Households

Category

Source Community Forest Private Forest Purchase

HHs % HHs % HHs % Indigenous 31 91.18 2 5.88 1 2.94 Dalits 6 100.00 - 0.00 - 0.00 Others 6 75.00 1 12.50 1 12.50 Total 43 89.58 3 6.25 2 4.17 Source: Household survey, 2014

Table:23 Source of Lighting of the Household

Category Source Electricity Kerosene Lamp

HHs % HHs % Indigenous 38 97.44 1 2.56 Dalits 7 100.00 0.00 Others 12 100.00 0.00 Total 57 98.28 1 1.72 Source: Household survey, 2014

47

Table: 24 Landholdings of the Households by Type of Land

Category

HHs Irrigated(ha) Bari(ha) Pakho bari(ha) Total(ha) Ha/HH

Indigenous 39 4.555 8.875 7.755 21.185 0.543 Dalits 7 0.543 1.187 - 1.73 0.247 Others 12 2.665 3.805 2.041 8.511 0.709 Total 58 7.763 14.02 9.796 31.579 0.544 Percentage 14.42 27.887 24.56 66.867 Source: Household survey, 2014

Table: 25 Distribution of Landholding Size others Households by the type of ownership

Landholding Categories Households Total Area

Category Size of holding(ha) No. % Area(ha) %

Marginal Up to 0.5 5 41.67 1.632 19.18 Small 0.5 - 1.0 3 25.00 2.106 24.74

1.0 - 1.5 4 33.33 4.773 56.08 1.5 - 2.0

Medium 2.0- 4.0 0.00 0.00 Total - 12 100.00 8.511 100.00 Source: Household survey, 2014

Table:26 Distribution of Landholding Size of Indigenous Households by the type of ownership

Landholding Categories Households Total Area

Category Size of holding(ha) No. % Area(ha) %

Marginal Up to 0.5 28 71.79 7.891 37.25

Small

0.5 - 1.0 4 10.26 2.704 12.76 1.0 - 1.5 4 10.26 4.467 21.09 1.5 - 2.0 1 2.56 1.531 7.23

Medium 2.0- 4.0 2 5.13 4.592 21.68 Total - 39 100.00 21.185 100.00 Source: Household survey, 2014

Table:27 Distribution of Landholding Size of Dalit Households by the type of ownership

Landholding Categories Households Total Area

Category Size of holding(ha) No. % Area(ha) %

Marginal Up to 0.5 6 85.71 1.222 70.64

Small

0.5 - 1.0 1 14.29 0.508 29.36 1.0 - 1.5 0.00 0.00 1.5 - 2.0 0.00 0.00

Medium 2.0- 4.0 0.00 0.00 Total - 7 100.00 1.73 100.000 Source: Household survey, 2014

48

Table:28 Major Crop Area Coverage, Production and Yield for Indigenous

Description Major Crops Paddy Wheat Maize Millet

Total Cropped Area 6.52 0.71 8.53 2.16 Total Production (MT) 11.8 0.9 11.85 2.2

Yield(MT/ha) 1.81 1.26 1.39 1.02 Source: Household survey, 2014

Table: 29 Major Crop Area Coverage, Production and Yield for Dalit

Description Major Crops Paddy Wheat Maize Millet

Total Cropped Area 0.99 0.13 1.28 Total Production (MT) 1.7 0.15 1.6

Yield(MT/ha) 1.72 1.12 1.25 Source: Household survey, 2014

Table:30 Major Crop Area Coverage, Production and Yield for Dalit

Description Major Crops Paddy Wheat Maize Millet

Total Cropped Area 3.39 0.49 2.82 1.28 Total Production (MT) 5.6 0.6 3.7 1.2

Yield(MT/ha) 1.65 1.22 1.31 0.94 Source: Household survey, 2014

Land Loss of HHs due to the project (Tables)

Table:31 Distribution of Households by Landholding and Land Loss

Vulnerable Group Total Affected Land HHs Area (ha.) Area (ha.) %

N % Indigenous 26 70.27 17.82 0.404 2.27 Dalit Other 11 29.73 7.973 0.168 2.11 Total 37 100.00 25.793 0.572 2.21 Source: Field Survey, March, 2014

Table 32: Distribution of Households by Sex of HH Head and Land Loss

Sex of HH Head Total Affected HHs Area (ha.) Area (ha.) %

N % Indigenous

Male 20 76.92 12.162 0.260 2.14 Female 6 23.18 4.658 0.144 3.09

Dalit

Male Female

Others Male Female 11 100.00 7.973 0.168 2.11

Source: Field Survey, March, 2014

49

Table 33: Percentage of Land Loss by Land Holding Size

Landholding Categories Total Affected

HHs Area Area (ha.) %

Category Landholding Size N % (ha.) %

Marginal Up to 0.25 ha. 2 5.405 0.378 1.465 0.007 1.85 0.25 – 0.50 ha. 20 54.054 7.558 29.301 0.234 3.10

Small

0.50 – 0.75 ha. 3 8.108 1.936 7.506 0.0125 0.65 0.75 – 1.0 ha. 2 5.405 1.581 6.129 0.108 6.83 1.0 – 1.5 ha. 7 18.919 8.218 31.860 0.0704 0.86 1.5 – 2.0 ha. 1 2.703 1.531 5.935 0.036 2.35

Medium and large >2.0 ha. 2 5.405 4.592 17.803 0.103 2.24 Total 37 100.000 25.794 100.000 0.5709 2.21

Source: Field Survey, March, 2014

Table 34: Households Losing Houses/Structures by Vulnerable Group

District No. of Structure by Caste/Ethnic Group Indigenous Dalit Other

HHs No. of Structure HHs No. of Structure HHs No. of Structure Res. House Others Res. House Others Res. House Other

Ramechhap 2 3 1 Sindhuli 14 17 4 2 2 1 1 1 Dhanusha 2 2 1 5 5 Total 18 22 6 7 7 1 1 1 Source: Field Survey, March, 2014

50

Annex 2: Socioeconomic Details of the Participants of the Consultation

Table 1: Distribution of PRA Participants of Indigenous People

S.No.

District VDC/Muni Location No. of Participants Male Female Total

1 Dolakha Sahare Pipaldanda, Ward No. 6 12 8 20 2 Khimti Ward No. 2 9 7 16 3 Kathjor Piple, Ward No. 8 6 9 15 4 Ramechhap Manthali Saapmare, Ward No. 3 11 8 19 5 Gelu Sinkal, Ward No. 1 8 6 14 6 Bhaluwajor Seleghat, Ward No. 8 12 10 22 7 Tilpung Arubote, Ward No. 6 14 10 24 8 Kamalamai NP Baghmara, Ward No.10 5 5 10 9 SukeKhola, Ward No. 11 4 9 13 10 Sindhuli Bhadrakali Dhungre, Ward No. 1 3 12 15 11 Mudekharka, Ward No. 3 13 9 22 12 Jalkanya Nigale, Ward No. 1 8 7 15 13 School Tole, Ward No. 5 8 7 15 14 Bhimeshwor Laukun, Ward No. 5 6 3 9 15 Khurkot, Ward No. 1 6 7 13 16 Ranichuri Fiting, Ward No. 1 5 10 15 17 School Tole, Ward No. 5 11 2 13 18 School Tole, Ward No. 5 7 3 10 19 Ratanchura Bijaychhap, Ward No. 2 14 3 17 20 TulsiBahunmara Dhapsa Tole, Ward No. 2 11 11 22 21 Begadawar Lalgadh, Ward No. 9 17 7 24 22 Dhanusha Dhalkebar VidyutTole, Ward No. 4 25 3 28 23 Mohattari Gauribas Kalapani, Ward No. 6 9 11 20

Total 224 167 391

Table 2: Distribution of PRA Participants of Indigenous Groups by Caste/Ethnicity

S.No. District Number of Participants by Caste/Ethnic Group Total Newar Tamang Magar Majhi Bhujel Other

1 Dolakha 12 8 - - - 20 2 Ramechhap - 15 17 36 42 110 3 Sindhuli 51 55 39 21 1 167 4 Dhanusha 2 25 2 35 4 6 74 5 Mohattari - - 13 7 - 20

Total 65 103 71 99 47 6 391

Table 3: Distribution of PRA Participants of Indigenous Groups by Education

S.No. District Education Total

51

Illiterate Literate Primary Lower Secondary

Secondary/SLC Higher Secondary

Bachelor and

Above

1 Dolakha 2 10 - 2 5 1 - 20 2 Ramechhap 18 29 10 7 34 8 4 110 3 Sindhuli 19 109 1 5 25 6 2 167 4 Dhanusha 20 35 1 6 8 1 3 74 5 Mohattari 8 5 2 2 2 1 - 20

Total 67 188 14 22 74 17 9 391

Table 4: Distribution of PRA Participants of Indigenous Groups by Main Occupation

S.No. Districts Main Occupation Total Agriculture Wage/

Labor Business Service Household

Work Student

1 Dolakha 14 1 1 1 - 3 20 2 Ramechhap 54 3 3 6 23 21 110 3 Sindhuli 135 - 7 3 14 8 167 4 Dhanusha 50 3 1 17 2 1 74 5 Mohattari 7 1 - 1 10 1 20

Total 259 8 12 28 49 34 391

Table 5: Distribution of PRA Participants of Dalit Community

S.No. District VDC/Muni. Location No. of Participants Male Female Total

1 Dolakha Sahare Pipaldanda, Ward No. 6 9 7 16 2 Pipaldanda, Ward No. 6 10 5 15 3

Ramechhap

Khimti Shivalaya, Ward No. 4 5 10 15 4 Shivalaya, Ward No. 3 11 4 15 5 Kathjor Piple, Ward No. 8 5 5 10 6 Piple, Ward No. 8 5 6 11 7 Manthali Tekanpur, Ward No. 7 6 10 16 8 Tekanpur, Ward No. 6 4 12 16 9 Gelu Ghurpang, Ward No. 1 3 6 9

10 Annas, Ward No. 1 6 1 7 11 Bhaluwajor Hulakdanda, Ward No. 4 5 12 17 12 Hulakdanda, Ward No. 4 6 9 15 13 Tilpung Ward No. 7 12 4 16 14 Aarubote, Ward No. 7 7 11 18 15

Sindhuli

Bhadrakali Bohare, Ward No. 9 12 4 16 16 Jalakanya School Tole, Ward No. 5 15 5 20 17 Bhimeshwor DharaTole, Ward No. 2 3 7 10 18 Kamalamai NP Sukekhola, Ward No. 11 9 12 21 19 Ratanchura Khaniyakharka, Ward No. 4 6 5 11 20 Khaniyakharka, Ward No. 4 4 4 8 21

Dhanusha

TulsiBahunmara DhapsaTole, Ward No. 2 3 8 11 22 DhapsaTole, Ward No. 2 7 4 11 23 Begadawar Lalgadh, Ward No. 9 7 5 12 24 Lalgadh, Ward No. 9 6 6 12 25 Dhalkebar Dhalkebar 5 6 11

52

26 Dhalkebar 7 3 10 27 Mohattari Gauribas PatuDanda, Ward No. 4 8 4 12 28 Kalapani, Ward No. 7 8 15 23

Total 194 190 384

Table 6: Distribution of PRA Participants of Dalit by Caste/Ethnicity

S.No. District Number of Participants Total Damai Kami Sarki Other Dalit

1 Dolakha 31 - - - 31 2 Ramechhap 13 87 49 16 165 3 Sindhuli 30 34 14 8 86 4 Dhanusha 47 3 15 2 67 5 Mohattari 8 24 3 - 35

Total 129 148 81 26 384

Table 7: Distribution of PRA Participants of Dalit Group by Education

S.No. District No. of Participants Total

Illiterate Literate Primary Lower Secondar

y

Secondary/SLC Higher Secondary

Bachelor and

Above 1 Dolakha 9 3 5 5 8 1 31 2 Ramechhap 63 60 13 12 15 2 165 3 Sindhuli 19 46 6 3 10 2 86 4 Dhanusha 41 4 11 6 3 1 1 67 5 Mohattari 18 9 3 2 3 0 35 Total 150 122 38 28 39 6 1 384

Table 8: Distribution of PRA Participants of Dalit by Main Occupation

S.No. Districts No. of Participants by Main Occupation Total Agriculture Wage/

Labor Business Service Household

Work Student

1 Dolakha 11 1 5 4 5 5 31 2 Ramechhap 47 27 13 1 66 11 165 3 Sindhuli 54 9 13 1 3 6 86 4 Dhanusha 21 22 4 1 15 4 67 5 Mohattari 15 6 6 7 1 35

Total 148 65 41 7 93 27 384

53

Annex 3: Proposed Work Plans with Detailed Activities for Vulnerable Communities in the Project Affected Districts

District S.N Place, VDC/Municipalities

Work Plans/ Activities Detailed Tasks

Responsible Agency

Dolakha 1 Pipaldanda, Ward

No. 6, Sahare VDC

1. Irrigation 2. Technical Training 3. Drinking Water

Feasibility survey of Irrigation scheme and DW, Construction of the schemes, provide O&M training and select participant for skill training

Project, NEA/ESSD & Consultant/NGO

Ramechhap

1 Shivalaya, Ward No. 2, Khimti VDC

1. Drinking Water 2. IG Activities 3. Protection of Majhi’s Fishing Occupation

Feasibility survey of DW, Construction of the scheme, provide IG and fishery training

Project, NEA/ESSD & NGO/Consultant

2 Piple, Ward No. 8 Kathjor VDC

1. Drinking Water 2. IG Activities 3. Livestock Support

Feasibility survey of DW, Construction of the scheme, provide IG and livestock training

Project, NEA/ESSD & NGO/Consultant

3 Saap Mare , Ward No. 3, Manthali VDC

1. Loss of tree of Com. Forest 2. Drinking Water 3. Support for Irrigation

Feasibility survey of irrigation scheme and DW, construction of the schems, plantation

Project, NEA/ESSD and CFUG and consultant

4 Sinkal, Ward No. 1 Gelu VDC

1. Livestock Support 2. Technical Training 3. Loss of Forest

Provide Technical and livestock Training and plantation support

Project, NEA/ESSD and CFUG and consultant

5 Seleghat, Ward No.4 Bhaluwajor VDC

1.Support in Irrigation 2. Employment 3. Drinking Water

Feasibility survey of irrigation scheme and DW, construction of the schemes, plantation

Project, NEA/ESSD and Consultant

6 Arubote, W. No. 6, Tilpung VDC

1. IG Activities Providing Training Project, NEA/ESSD and Consultant

Sindhuli

1

Dhungre, Mudekharka, Ward No. 1,3 Bhadrakali VDC

1. Low Compensation 2. Support in Irrigation 3. Compensation for Land under RoW 4.Protection of Bhadrakali Temple

Rev records for com., Feasibility survey of irrigation, assessment to temple and support

Project, NEA/ESSD and Consultant

2 Nigale, Ward No. 1 Jalkanya VDC

1. Tree loss near Gadi 2.Tec. & Voc.l Training 3.Support for Road 4. Protection of Gadi

Plantation Provide Training Improvement of Road Quality

Project, NEA/ESSD and CFUG and consultant

3 Laku, Khurkot Ward No. 1,5 Bhimeshwor VDC

1. Employment 2. Irrigation 3. Livestock Support

Feasibility Survey, construction and livestock training

Project, NEA/ESSD and consultant

4

SukeKhola and Baghmara, Ward No. 11 Kamalamai NP

1. Employment 2. Loss of Forest 3. Land Regi.of Squatters

Plantation

Project, NEA/ESSD and CFUG and consultant

5 Fiting, Khatar Ward No. 1 Ranichuri VDC

1. Health Hazards 2. Shift of Alignment from Settlement 3. No Adeq. Compensation

Provide informationn Project, NEA/ESSD and consultant

6 Khaniyakhark, Ward No. 4 Ratanchura VDC

1. Resettlement of HHs 2.No Compensation for Junar Trees 3. No Transparency while distributing

Provide Good Compensation

Project, ESSD/NEA

54

Seed Grants

Dhanusha

1 DhapsaTole Ward No. 2 Tulsichad VDC

1. Support for flood control 2. Employment 3. IG Activities

Survey, Construction of dam dam Provide IG training

Project, NEA/ESSD and consultant

2 Lalgad, Ward No. 9, Begadawar VDC

1. Employment 2. Livestock Support 3. Lack of Local People Participation

Provide livestock training, involve people

Project, NEA/ESSD and consultant

3 VidyutTole, Ward No. 4 Dhalkebar VDC

1. Upliftment of Poors 2. Support for Education 3. Drinking Water

Feasibility survey, need assessment of school and provide support

Project, NEA/ESSD and consultant

Mohattari 1

Kalapani, Ward No.6, Gauribas

1. Technical Training 2. Financial Support

Provide training Provide support

Project, NEA/ESSD and consultant

Total Source: Field Survey, March 12014

Annex 4 List of People Consulted during Field Visit (8- 15 March, 2014)

Swiss Sindhuli School, Thulitar, 9 March 2014

S.No. Name Occupation Contact No. Remarks

1 Chattra Syangtang Principal

2 Bhes Bd. Khatri Teacher 9844041969 -

3 Krishnahari Thap Advisor - -

Nawajoyti Deaf Lower Secondary School, Panitanki , 10 March, 2014

S.No. Name Occupation Contact No. Remarks

1 Narayan Baral Coordinator - -

2 Durga Bhujel Teacher - -

3 Bijaya Tamang Principal - -

Nigalegaon, Khaniyakharka, 10 March, 2014

S.No. Name Occupation Remarks

1 Ek Bahadur Thapa Magar Farmers/ AP Land and Structure affected

by Tower Pad and ROW

2 Krishna Kumari Thapa Magar Do Affected by ROW

3 Tek Bahadur Thapa Magar Do Do

4 Minu Lingul Do Do

55

5 Ambika Thapa Magar Do Do

Khimti Khola, Ramechap 11 March, 2014

1 Santamaya Tamang Farmer/ AP Affected by Tower Pad and

ROW

2 Bhim Bahadur Barual Farmer/ AP Do

3 Bam Bahadur Tamang Farmer Close to ROW

4 Gajendra Tamang Farmer Do

5 Laxmi Baruwal Farmer do

6 Dambar Kumari Baruwal Farmer Do

7 Tej Bahadur Thapa Magar Farmer Do

Bahunmara, Tulsi VDC, Dhanusha, 12 March 2014

1 Dhan Bahadur Khadka Farmer/AP Affected by ROW in Aaileni

Land (Nontitle holder)

2 Dambar Devi Pandey do Do

3 Krishna Karki do Do

4 Dhan Bahadur Khadka do Do

5 Khadka Adhikary do Do

6 Jhalak Bd. Budhathoki do do

7 Binod Adhikary do Do

Barko Phed, Manthali, Ramechap, 13 March 2014 1 Chok Bahadur Chhetry Farmer/AP Affected by Tower Pad

and ROW 2 Jaya Bahadur Roka Student/AP Residential Structure

affected by ROW 3 Bir Bahadur Roka Farmer Local villager 4 Krishna Adhikary Farmer Do 5 Om Lal Farmer Do Fiting (Falchure): Ratanchuri, Sindhuli, 14 March 2014 1 Gopal Syangba Farmer/AP House affected by ROW 2 Rup Lal Syanba do Affected by ROW 3 Surya Bahadur Ghising do House affected by ROW

56

57

Annex 5 List of Consultation Participants