Name: ___________________________________ Period: _____

Unit 2 Overview and Study Guide:Western River Valley Civilizations, 3,000 BCE – 600 BCE

DUE Date: _________________Score: _____ / ___Remember: You MUST complete ALL of the pages by yourself in order to get credit

Big Picture:During the New Stone Age, permanent settlements appeared in 4 different river valleys – the Western River Valley Civilizations, Tigris and Euphrates Rivers (Mesopotamia) and Nile River (Egypt), and the Eastern River Valley Civilizations, Indus River, and Huang He River (China). River valleys provided rich

soil for crops, as well as protection from invasion. These river valleys were the “Cradles of Civilization.” Early civilizations made major contributions to social, political, and economic progress.

Religion was a major part of life in all early civilizations. The first monotheists were the Hebrews (Judaism). The monotheism of Abraham became the foundation not only of Judaism, but also later Christianity, and Islam—religions that changed the world.

Language and writing were important cultural innovations. The earliest writing system, cuneiform, developed in Sumer (what is today Iraq), Hieroglyphics developed later in Egypt. The Phoenicians developed an alphabet similar to what we use today

Content and Skill Objectives: Standards WHI.2 a,b,c,d, WHI.11 a, bBy the end of the unit, you will:

o Analyze sources, maps, charts, and graphs about events and life during in Mesopotamia and Egypto Describe the location and geographic features of Mesopotamia and Egypt. o Explain the lifestyle and cultural development of human societies.o Analyze the effect of Judaism on societyo Assess how agriculture affected the lifestyle of early humans.o Explain how civilizations developed in the Americaso Compare the Mayans, Aztecs and Incan civilizationso Locate the Mayans, Aztecs and Incas on a map

Textbook Correlation:o Chapter 1, Section 3 (Civilization)o Chapter 2, Early River Valley Civilizations, sections 1 (City-States in Mesopotamia) & 2 (Pyramids on the Nile)o Chapter 3, People and Ideas on the Move, pages 62-63, sections 3 (Seafaring Traders) & 4 (Origins of Judaism)o Chapter 4, First Age of Empires, section 1 (The Egyptians and Nubian Empires) & 2 (The Assyrian Empires)

Unit 2 – page 1

Vocabulary for this Unit: be able to use the following terms in appropriate historical contex

Unit 2 – page 2

GeneralCivilizationPastoralismSocial StructureHierarchySlaveryPolytheismMythologyBarter EconomyTechnologyBronzeIronSiltDynasty

MesopotamiaMesopotamiaSumerCity-stateCuneiformZigguratEpic of GilgameshHammurabiCode of HammurabiHittites

EgyptEgyptHieroglyphicsPapyrusDeltaPharaohsMummificationPyramidHyksos

Phoenicians, Hebrews & NubiaPhoenicianAlphabetColonyHebrewsMonotheismCovenantTorahTen CommandmentsAbrahamMosesExileDiasporaNubia

Unit 2 – page 3

Geography:

Unit 2 – page 4

LandformsAsia Minor Crete Cyprus

Civilizations and CitiesBabylonEgyptJerusalem

Fertile CrescentNile DeltaYucutan Peninsula

JudeaKushPalestinePersiaSumer

Ur

Questions and Concepts: Use the textbook to answer the following questions. Answer each question with a COMPLETE sentence.

MESOPOTAMIAChapter 2, section 1 – City-States in Mesopotamia: (pp. 20-34)

1. Review the characteristic of civilization on page 20. Which characteristic of civilization do you think is most important and why? (p. 20 and 30)

Unit 2 – page 5

2. How did floods in Mesopotamia make farming difficult? (p. 29)

A. The flooding left a layer of siltB. The flooding was unpredictableC. The flooding forced farmers to move the settlementD. The flooding was thought to be caused by angry gods

3. How was the geography of Mesopotamia suited for the growth of population and creation of a civilization? (p. 29-30)

4. How did Mesopotamians control the flow of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers? (p. 30)

5. SUMER (p. 32)

Science and Technology: Among the inventions by the Sumerians were the ____________, the sail, and the ______________. They were also the first to use copper to make a new metal called ______________.

EGYPTChapter 2, section 2 – Pyramids on the Nile: (pp. 35-41)

1. What physical features helped to protect the Egyptians from outside invaders? (pp. 35-36)

a. to the east: ______________________b. to the west:The Western/ Sahara Desert c. to the south: _C____________________d. to the north: ______________________

2. How was the flooding of the Nile different from the rivers in Mesopotamia? (p. 35)

3. Why were Egypt’s pharaoh’s unusually powerful rulers? (p. 37)

4. Social Structure: Fill in the pyramid with the groups in Egyptian social structure. (p. 40)

5. MUMMIFICATION: (website activity and p. 39) What can we infer from Egyptian culture based on their mummification practices?

6. How did the building of the pyramids reflect the strength of the Egyptian civilization? (p. 37-38)

Chapter 3, section 1 –The Egyptian and Nubian Empires: (pp. 89-94)7. The power of the pharaohs declined, leading to the end of the _____________

Kingdom. The Middle Kingdom that followed ended with the invasion of the _____________ people. After their rule ended in 1570 BC, a new era of Egyptian rule began, called the _____________ Kingdom. (p. 89)

8. NEW Kingdom: This is Egypt during its height of glory. Name 4 important pharaohs during this time period. (pp. 90)

9.a. __________________ (a woman Pharaoh)b. __________________ (ruler for 66 years; rebuilt the

Egyptian Empire; sent Moses out of Egypt)10. Look at the map on page 93. Describe IN WORDS, the location of the Kush, or Nubian,

Empire. (p. 93)

11. What cultural aspects of the Egyptian civilization did the Kushites adopt? (p. 93)

The Mesopotamians by We Might be Giants

In the boxes below, describe why each of these leaders deserves to be in the song “The Mesopotamians”.

Hammurabi (p. 33-34) Sargon (p. 33)

Ashurbanipal (p. 96-98) Gilgamesh (p. 83)

What modern leader would you include in a song? ___________________________Why?

The HEBREWS - JUDAISMChapter 3, section 4 – The Origins of Judaism: (pp. 77-82)

12. Abraham and his family roamed for many years from ___________________ to Canaan to Egypt and back to Canaan. Although most people were polytheistic, Abraham was _________________ and believed in one god, called ______________, who watched over him and his family. (p. 78)

13. Read the Ten Commandments on page 79. Which commandments tell people how to worship and show respect for God? Write out the commandments.(p. 79)

14. Why did Moses flee Egypt in “the Exodus”? (p.78)

Write two (2) sentences. In each sentence, use three (3) vocabulary words. Underline the vocabulary words you use in your sentence.

1.

2.

Do you think that Hammurabi’s law codes were fair or cruel? Why? Give at least 2 reasons.

VOCABULARY (Mesopotamia and the Hebrews): Write the definition for each term and draw an illustration.

Word Definition Illustration

Artisan (p. 20)

Skilled workers who make ___________ by hand

Ziggurat(p. 23)

City-state(p. 31)

Mesopotamia (p. 29)

Land between two _________

dynasty(p.31)

Empire(p. 33)

Torah(p. 77)

Word Definition Illustration

Diaspora(p. 170)

The dispersal of the _______ from their homeland in ____________

VOCABULARY (Egypt): Write the definition for each term and draw an illustration.Word Definition Illustration

Cataract(p. 36)

Delta(p. 36)

Papyrus(p. 40)

Portable writing surface made out of _____________

Hieroglyphics(p. 42)

Pharaoh(p. 37)

GEOGRAPHY: On the map, NEATLY WRITE the names or SHADE the regions of the following locations. (pp. 17 + others – see below) 1. Egypt2. Kush (p. 70)3. Jerusalem4. Babylon

5. Tigris River6. Euphrates River7. Nile River8. Mediterranean Sea

9. Red Sea (p. 39)10. Fertile Crescent

Timeline: Part I - Write the following DATES and EVENTS in the appropriate place on the timeline.

Abraham leaves Mesopotamia (1800 BCE) Bronze Age begins (3,000 BCE) City-States arise in Sumer (3,000 BCE) Great Pyramid at Giza Built (2540 BCE) Hammurabi Code (1792 BCE) Kingdom of Judah (920 BCE) Moses and Hebrews flee Egypt “The Exodus” (1290 BCE) Narmer unites Upper and Lower kingdoms (3100 BCE) Soloman’s Temple destroyed (586 BCE)

PART II - Choose 3 different colors. Circle, shade or highlight each event based on the correct civilization

□ = Mesopotamia

□ = Egypt

□ = Judaism

3500 BCE 3000 BCE 2500 BCE 2000 BCE 1500 BCE 1000 CE

Which event was the most significant to this time period? Why?

Visual Literacy:

1. This is a ______________ from the _____________ civilization. The main purpose of this building was as a ____________

2. This is a ______________ from the ______________ civilization. The main purpose of this building was as a ____________

3. This is an example of

_______________ writing. In this system, pictures stand for _____________. (p. 40)

4. This is a picture of

_______________ writing. Why did the Sumerians develop this? (p. 20)

(650 BCE)

6. These are the code of

___________ and Moses with the ______________. How are these

similar?

5. This is a ____________ coin. How does a unified money system affect society?

9. This is the gold death mask of the

pharaoh __________________, famous for being the “boy king”. (p.39)

10. These war chariots were first used by the _______________ people. Instead of bronze, they were made of _____________. How did this help them to conquer the Egyptian people? (p. 63)

11. These crowns show the uniting of the two kingdoms of Egypt. The white crown stands for the ___________ kingdom, while the red crown represents the __________ kingdom. King __________ is credited with uniting them. (p. 37)

12. This is the _____________ Stone. Found in 1799, it has the same message written in _______ languages and allowed linguists to finally translate _______________ (a language).