modeling of various agro machines and standard components using proe

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1. INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN

Engineering design graphics has made significant

changes since the early 1980s. For the most part, these changes have occurred

due to the evolution of computer-aided design (CAD). Before CAD, design

was accomplished by traditional board drafting utilizing paper, pencil,

straightedges, and various other manual drafting devices. Concurrently with

manual drafting were sketching techniques, which allowed a designer to

explore ideas freely without being constrained within the boundaries of drafting

standards.

Many of the drafting and design standards and

techniques that existed primarily due to the limitations of manual drafting still

exist today. Popular mid-range CAD packages still emphasize two-dimensional

orthographic projection techniques. These techniques allow a design to be

portrayed on a computer screen as it was once accomplished on a drafting

table. Drafting standards have changed little since the beginning of CAD.These standards still place an emphasis on the two-dimensional representation

of designs.

Many engineering fields continue to rely on

orthographic projection to represent design intent. Some fields, such as

manufacturing and mechanical engineering, foster a paperless environment that

does not require designs to be displayed orthographically. In this theoretically

paperless environment products are designed, engineered, and produced

without a hard-copy drawing. Designs are modeled within a CAD system and

the electronic data is utilized concurrently in various departments, such as

manufacturing, marketing, quality control, and production control.

Additionally, CAD systems are becoming the heart of many product data

management systems. Utilizing a computer network, CAD designs can be

displayed throughout a corporation's intranet. With Internet capabilities, a

design can be displayed using the World Wide Web.

Modeling Of Various Agro Machines And Standard Components Using Pro/Engineer

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Pro/ENGINEER BASICS

Pro/ENGINEER provides mechanical engineers

with an approach to mechanical design automation based on solid modeling

technology and the following features.

3-D MODELING

The essential difference between Pro/ENGINEER

and traditional CAD systems is that models created in Pro/ENGINEER exist as

three-dimensional solids. Other 3-D modelers represent only the surface

boundaries of the model. Pro/ENGINEER models the complete solid. This not

only facilitates the creation of realistic geometry, but also allows for accurate

model calculations, such as those for mass properties.

PARAMETRIC DESIGN

Dimensions such as angle, distance, and diameter

control Pro/ENGINEER model geometry. You can create relationships that

allow parameters to be automatically calculated based on the value of other

parameters. When you modify the dimensions, the entire model geometry can

update according to the relations you created.

FEATURE-BASED MODELING

Parametric modeling systems are often referred to

as feature-based modelers. In a parametric modeling environment, parts are

composed of features (Fig.). Features may comprise either positive space or

negative space. Positive space features are composed of actual mass. An

example of a positive space feature is an extruded boss. A negative space

feature is where a part has a segment cut away or subtracted. An example of a

negative space feature is a hole.

Parametric modeling systems such as

Pro/ENGINEER incorporate an intuitive way of constructing features. Often,

the feature is first sketched in two dimensions and then either extruded,

revolved, or swept to form the three-dimensional object. When sketching the


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feature, design intent is developed in the model by adding dimensions and

constraining the sketch.

Features can be predefined or sketched. Examplesof predefined features include holes, rounds, and chamfers. Many parametric

modeling packages incorporate advanced ways of modeling holes. Within a

parametric modeling package, predefined holes can be simple, counter bored,

countersunk, or drilled. Parametric modeling package hole command allows

users the opportunity to sketch unique hole profiles, such as may be required

for a counter bore. Sketched features are created by sketching a section that

incorporates design intent. Sections may be extruded, revolved, or swept to add

positive or negative space features.

Compared to Boolean modeling, feature-based

modeling is a more intuitive approach. In Boolean modeling, a common way toconstruct a hole is to model a solid cylinder and then subtract it from the parent

feature. In a parametric design environment, a user can simply place the hole

by using a predefined hole command or by cutting a circle through the part.

With most Boolean-based modelers, if the user has to change a parameter of

the hole, such as location or size, he or she has to plug the original hole, then

subtract a second solid cylinder. To adjust a feature-based hole, the user can


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Fig. 1.1 Feature in a model


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change any parameter associated with the hole by modifying a dimension or

parameter. Similarly, a feature's sketch can be redefined or modified.

You create models in Pro/ENGINEER by buildingfeatures. These features have intelligence, in that they contain knowledge of

their environment and adapt predictably to change. Each features asks the user

for specific information based on the feature type. For example, a hole has a

diameter, depth, and placement, while a round has a radius and edges to round.

ASSOCIATIVITY

Pro/ENGINEER is a fully-associative system. This

means that a change in the design model anytime in the development process is

propagated throughout the design, automatically updating all engineering

deliverables, including assemblies, drawings, and manufacturing data.

Associativity makes concurrent engineering possible by encouraging change,

without penalty, at any point in the development cycle. This enables

downstream functions to contribute their knowledge and expertise early in the

development cycle.

ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

The fundamentals of engineering graphics and the

displaying of three-dimensional (3D) designs on a two-dimensional surface

have changed little since the advent of CAD. Despite the explosion of

advanced 3D modeling packages, many design standards and techniques that

once dominated manual drafting remain relevant today.

Sketching is an important tool in the design process. Design modeling techniques using two-dimensional CAD, three-

dimensional CAD, or manual drafting can restrict an individuals ability to

work out a design problem. It takes time to place lines on a CAD system or to

construct a solid model. Sketching allows a designer to work through a

problem without being constrained by the standards associated with

orthographic projection or by the time required to model on a CAD system.


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There are two types of sketching techniques: artistic

and technical. Many individuals believe that artistic sketching is a natural,

inborn ability. This is not always the case. There are techniques and exercisesthat engineering students can perform that will improve their ability to think in

three dimensions and solve problems utilizing artistic sketching skills. Despite

this, few engineering students receive this type of training.

When engineering or technology students are

trained in sketching, it is usually the technical variety. Technical sketching is

similar to traditional drafting and two-dimensional computer-aided drafting.

This form of sketching enables a design to be displayed orthographically or

pictorially through sketching techniques.

The design process requires artistic sketching and

technical sketching to be utilized together. Conceptual designs are often

developed through artistic sketching methods. Then once a design concept is

developed, technical sketches of the design can be drawn that will allow the

designer to display meaningful design intent information. This information can

then be used to develop orthographic drawings, prototypes, and/or computer

models.

The traditional way to display engineering designs

is orthographic projection. Any object has six primary views These views are

used to display the three primary dimensions of any feature: height, width, and

depth. By selectively choosing a combination of the primary views, a detailer

can graphically display the design form of an object. Often, three or fewerviews are all that are necessary to represent design intent. A combination of

views such as the front, top, and right side will display all three primary

dimensions of any feature. By incorporating dimensions and notes, design

intent for an object can be displayed.

Orthographic projection is not a natural way to

display a design. The purpose for orthographic drawings is to show a design in

such a way that it can be constructed or manufactured. Pictorial drawings are


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often used to represent designs in a way that non-technically trained individuals

can understand. Pictorial drawings display all three primary dimensions

(height, width, and depth) in one view. There are many forms of pictorialdrawings, the most common of which are isometric, diametric, and trimetric.

Naturally, objects appear to get smaller as one

moves further away from them. This effect is known as perspective.

Perspective is another form of pictorial drawing. Orthographic, isometric,

diametric, and trimetric projections do not incorporate perspective. Perspective

drawings are often used to display a final design concept that can be easily

understood individuals with no technological training.

Before an object can be manufactured or

constructed, technical drawings are often produced. Technical drawings are

used to display all the information necessary to properly build a product. These

drawings consist of orthographic views, dimensions, notes, and details. Details

are governed by standards that allow for ease of communications between

individuals and organization.


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2. PARAMETRIC MODELING CONCEPTS

Parametric modeling is an approach to computer-

aided design that gained prominence in the late 1980s. An assumption

commonly held among CAD users is that similar modeling techniques exist for

all CAD systems. To users that follow this assumption, the key to learning a

different CAD system is to adapt to similar CAD commands. This is not

entirely true when a two-dimensional CAD user tries to learn, for the first time,

a parametric modeling application. Within parametric modeling systems,

though, you can find commands that resemble 2D CAD commands. Often,

these commands are used in a parametric modeling system just as they would

be used in a 2D CAD package. The following is a partial list of commands that

cross over from 2D CAD to Pro/ENGINEER.

LINE

The line option is used within Pro/ENGINEERs

sketcher mode (or environment) as a tool to create sections. Within a 2D CAD

package, precise line distances and angles can be entered using coordinate

methods, such as absolute, relative, and polar. Pro/ENGINEER does not

require an entity to be entered with a precise size. Feature size definitions are

established after finishing the geometric layout of a features shape.

CIRCLE

As with the line command, the circle option is used

within Pro/ENGINEERs sketcher environment. Precise circle size is not

important when sketching the geometry.ARC

As with the line and circle options, the arc

command is used within

Pro/ENGINEERs sketching environment. Pro/ENGINEERs are command

also includes a fillet command for creating rounds at the intersection of two

geometric entities.


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DELETE

The delete command is used within a variety of

Pro/ENGINEER modes. Within the sketcher environment, delete is used to

remove eometric entities such as lines, arcs, and circles. Within Part mode,

delete is used to remove features from a part. For assembly models, the delete

command is used to delete features from parts and to delete parts from

assemblies.

OFFSET

Offset options can be found within various

Pro/ENGINEER modes. Within the sketcher environment, existing part

features can be offset to form sketching geometry. Additionally, planes, within

Part and Assembly modes can be offset to form new datum planes.

TRIM

The trim command is used within Pro/ENGINEERs

sketching environment. Geometric entities that intersect can be trimmed at their

intersection point.

MIRROR

The mirror option is used within Pro/ENGINEERs

Sketch and Part modes. Geometry created as a sketch can be mirrored across a

centerline. Also, part features can be mirrored across a plane by executive the copy

option.

COPY

The copy option is used within Part mode to copy

existing features. Features can be copied linearly, mirrored over a plane, or

rotated around an axis. Within Assembly mode, parts can be copied to create

new parts.

ARRAY

Polar and rectangular array commands are common

components in 2D CAD packages. Pro/ENGINEERs pattern command serves

a similar function. Features may be patterned using existing dimensions.

Selecting an angular dimension will create a circular pattern.


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Parametric modeling presents a different approach

to CAD, especially when compared to 2D drafting and Boolean-based 3D

modeling. Oftentimes an experienced CAD user will have trouble learning a parametric modeling package. This is especially true when a user tries to

approach 3D parametric modeling as he or she would approach Boolean solid

modeling. They use similar concepts, but the approaches are different.

RUNNING PRO/ENGINEER WITH DEFAULT SETTINGS

The best way to learn Pro/ENGINEER is to run the

product using the default settings installed on your system. Once you are

familiar with the ways these defaults operate, you can easily change them

according to your needs. In this section you will learn how to start

Pro/ENGINEER from the operating system and from the Application Manager,

retrieve an object, and save your work when you exit Pro/ENGINEER.

Later sections in this chapter provide detail on how

to use the Application Manager, Model Tree, and startup configuration options

to customize Pro/ENGINEER.


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3. BEFORE YOU BEGIN

Before you run Pro/ENGINEER, you should know about three settings:

Working directory--Pro/ENGINEER first looks up files and

configuration options in a designated directory on your system. This

directory is called the current directory orworking directory. You will

need read/write access to this directory, as you will be storing and

retrieving your objects, such as parts and assemblies, in it.

Configuration file--Pro/ENGINEER uses configuration files to

determine default settings that you modify from session to session. If

your system administrator has a standard configuration file for new

users, copy it to your working directory. For more information on

configuration files, see the section Configuration File Options.

Startup command--The command that you use to start Pro/ENGINEER

is defined when the product is installed. This startup command can also

specify options for handling graphics and data. If you do not know the

startup command for Pro/ENGINEER, consult your systemadministrator.


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4. ADVANTAGES/BENEFITS OF PRO/E OVER OTHER

PACKAGE.

PRO-E OFFER WITH BENEFITS

1. PRO-E are offering Pro/E Foundation (details as per brochure)

2. PRO-E are offering FEA software i.e. Pro/Mechanica (Structural,

Motion, Thermal) (details as per brochure).

3. PRO-E are offering Mechanism Design Extension (MDX) for

simulation of mechanisms, (details as per brochure).In addition to above we have offered following

modules with maximum 100 users license which can help the students for their

projects and wider carrier opportunities after getting expertise on those

software.

Tool Design Option Mold and Die Designing software

Production Machining Option CNC tool path

generation/Manufacturing software.

Behavioral Modeling Extension (BMX) The unique concept in

Mechanical Designing

Model Check

Pro/ENGINEER Advance Assembly Extension (AAX)

Advance Surface Extension (ASX) Reverse Engineering Software

Pro/intralink Users Training

Pro/intralink Administration Training.

CDRS Advance Surface Designing Software.

3D PAINT

Pro/DESKTOP


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All the above Pro/Engineer software are developed

by Parametric Technology Corporation, USA and Rolta India Limited is the

sole distributor for selling and supporting alt range of PTC products in India.Today, Pro/Engineer is the no. 1 CAD/CAM

software available in the market built on the most powerful Granite

Technology. The maximum jobs for CAD/CAM available in the market are for

Engineers trained on Pro/Engineer. We are providing maximum 100 users

license. Free upgrade and updates during the license period. If software is

required multi-user, then the computers must be connected through LAN and

must have O.S. Win NT or Win 2000.


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5. WHY PRO/E IS SELECTED FOR THIS PROJECT.

A capability unique to parametric modeling

packages, when compared to other forms of CAD, is the ability to incorporate

design intent into a model. Most computer-aided design packages have the

ability to display a design, but the model or geometry does not hold design

information beyond the actual vector data required for construction. Two-

dimensional packages display objects in a form that graphically communicates

he design, but the modeled geometry is not a virtual image of the actual shape

of the design. Traditional three-dimensional models, especially solid models,

display designs that prototype the actual shape of the design. The problem with

solid-based Boolean models is that parameters associated with design intent are

not incorporated. Within Boolean operations, when a sketch is protruded into a

shape or when a cylinder is subtracted from existing geometry to form a hole,

data associated with the construction of the part or feature is not readily

available.

Parameters associated with a feature inPro/ENGINEER exist after the feature has been constructed. An example of

this would be a hole. A typical method used within Pro/ENGINEER to

construct a straight hole is to locate the hole from two edges. After locating the

hole, the hole diameter and depth are provided. The dimensional values used

to define the hole can be retrieved and modified at a later time. Additionally,

parametric values associated with a feature, such as a hole diameter, can be

used to control parameters associated with other dimensions.

With most Boolean operations, the final outcome of

the construction of a model is of primary importance. When modeling a hole,

the importance lies not in parameters used to locate a hole but where the hole

eventually is constructed. When the subtraction process is accomplished, the

cylinder location method is typically lost. Using parametric hole construction

techniques, these parameters are preserved for later use.


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The dimensioning scheme for the creation of a

feature, such as a hole, is important for capturing design intent.

Figure shows two different ways to locate a pair ofholes. Both examples are valid ways to dimension and locate holes. Which

technique is better ? The answer depends upon the design intent of the part and

feature. Does the design require that each hole be located a specific distance

from a common datum plane ? If it does, then the second example might be the

dimensioning scheme that meets design intent. But if the design requires that

the distance between the two holes be carefully controlled, the first example

might prove to be the best dimensioning scheme.


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fig. 5.1 The hierarchical order of design intent


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Designs are created for a purpose. Design intent is

the intellectual arrangement of assemblies, parts, features, and dimensions to

solve a design problem. Most designs are composed of an assembly of parts.Each part within a design is made up of various features. Design intent

governs the relationship between parts in an assembly and the relationship

between features in a part. As depicted in Figure, a hierarchical ordering of

intent can be created for a design. At the top of the design intent tree is the

overall intent of the design. Below the overall design intent is the component

design intent. Components of the design. Below the overall design intent is

the component design intent. Components are composed of parts and

subassemblies. The intent of each component of a design is to work

concurrently with other components as a solution to the design problem.

Features comprise parts. Features must meet the design intent of the parts of

which they are composed.

Parametric modeling packages provide a variety of

tools for incorporating design intent. The following is a list of these tools.


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ASSEMBLY CONSTRAINTS

Assembly constraints are used to form relationships between componentsof a design. If a parts surface should mesh with the surface of another part

within an assembly, a mate constraint should be used. Examples of other

common assembly constraints include align, insert, and orient.

PARENT-CHILD RELATIONSHIPS

The definition of a feature frequently relies on dimensional and geometric

cues taken from another feature. This kind of relationship is termed a

parent-child relationship. The parent-child relationship is one of the most

powerful aspects of Pro/ENGINEER. When a parent feature is modified,

its children are automatically recreated to reflect the changes in the

geometry of the parentfeature. It is therefore essential to reference feature

dimensions and geometry so design modificationsare correctly propagated

throughout the model. Because children reference parents, features canexist without children, but children cannot exist without their parents.

DIMENSIONAL RELATIONSHIPS

Dimensional relationships allow the capture of

design intent between and within features while in part mode, and between

parts while in assembly mode. A dimensional relationship is an explicit way to

relate features in a design.

Mathematical equations are used to relate

dimensions. An example of a dimensional relationship is to make two

dimensions equal in value. Within Pro/ENGINEER, for this example, the first

dimension would drive the second. Most algebraic and trigonometric formulas

can be included in a relationship. In addition, simple conditional statements

can be incorporated.


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DIMENSIONING SCHEME

The placement of dimensions is extremelyimportant for the incorporation of design intent into a model. During sketching

within Pro/ENGINEER, dimensions are placed automatically (when intent

manager is activated ) that will fully define a feature. These dimensions may

not match the design intent, however. Dimensions within a section or within

the creation of a feature should match the intent of a design.

FEATURE CONSTRAINTS

Constraints are powerful tools for incorporating

design intent. If a design requires a features element to be constrained

perpendicular to another element, a perpendicular constraint should be used.

Likewise, design intent can be incorporated with other constraints, such as

parallel, tangent, and equal length.

REFERENCES

Feature references can be created within part and

assembly modes of Pro/ENGINEER. An example of a reference within part

mode is to use existing feature edges to create new geometry within the

sketcher environment. A parent feature edges to create new geometry within

the sketcher environment. A parent child relationship is then established

between the two features. If the reference edge is modified, the child feature ismodified correspondingly.

Within assembly mode, an external reference can

be established between a feature on one part and a feature on a second.

Pro/ENGINEER allows for the creation of parts and subassemblies within

assembly mode. By creating a component using this technique, relationships

can be established between two parts. Modification of the parent part reference

will modify the child part.


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6. SCOPE OF PROJECT

The engineering design process once was linear and decentralized.

Modern engineering philosophies are integrating team approaches into thedesign of products. As shown in Figure team members can come from a

variety of fields. Teaming stimulates a nonlinear approach to design, with

the CAD model the central means of communicating design intent.


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Concurrent engineering has many advantages over

the traditional design process. Individuals and groups invest significant

resources and time into the development of products. Each individual and

group has needs that must be met by the final design solution. As an example,

a service technician wants a product that is easy to maintain while the

marketing department wants a design that is easy to sell. Concurrent

engineering allows everyone with an interest in the design to provide their

input.

Modern engineering and communication

technologies allow designs to be shared easily among team members. CAD

three-dimensional models graphically display designs that can be interpreted by

individuals who are not trained in blueprint-reading fundamentals. Because of

this accessibility, the CAD system has become the heart of many product-data-

management systems. Internet capabilities allow designs to be shared overlong distances. Most CAD applications have Internet tools that facilitate the

sharing of design data. Parametric Technology Corporations Pro/Web-

Publish, for one, allows for the publishing of CAD data over the Internet.

Another example is PTCs Pro/Fly-Through application, which displays

Virtual-Reality-Modeling-Language (VRML) models and allows for the

markup and animation of these models over an Internet or intranet.


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Fig. 6.1 Concurrent engineering members


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7. USE OF COMPONENT LIBRARY

COMPONENT LIBRARY

Component library is a collection of frequentlyused parts. It may be retained in the memory of the computer or may be

preserved with the firm, which needs it.

In Pro/E one can create such a library very easily.

As these is option of modify in other model tree of the component it self. The

part can be easily, modified and used as it is needed.

This type of library is very much helpful in the

firms where there some parts are frequently used in the design of several

components for e.g.:- A company manufacturing boilers has to design various

types, sizes and shapes of boilers. There are several parts. Such as safety

valves, cocks, tubes etc. which are common in the various boilers. The

designer has to design. The various parts as many time. As they are needed to

reduce the cumbersome work of redesigning. The parts which are already

designed for some others model with different size or shape. It would be

helpful to the designer to create a component library of such parts and use the


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parts by modifying these dimensions. According to the shape and size of the

model.

This type of library or collection reducesconsiderable amount of time. As modify option is there in Pro/E component

library can be easily created and retrieved.

In our project we have made a library of std.

Components such as levels, nuts, bolts, bearings. Springs etc., which are, use

in the Assembly of various M/CS universally.

The description of the parts in the library are as

given below.

1) Rivets: - According to Indian standard the material of rivets must have a

tensile strength not exceed 40 N/mm2 and elongation not less than 26

percent. The diameter of the rivet is equal as it has various types. The

various rivets are classified according with heads. These rivets are used

various lap joint and Butt joint. In this the dimension of heads are

modified according to requirement.

Fig. 7.1 Figures of Rivets

2) Springs: - The springs are classified into various forms.

Helical spring: - The helical spring are made up ofwire coiled in the form a

helix and primarily intended for compressive or tensile loads. The cross

section of wire form from which the spring its made may be circular, square or

rectangular. The cross section can easily changed and redefined according to


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the requirement. The pitch of spring also changed according to requirement

and length of spring also modified.

Fig. 7.2 Figure (a) compression helical springs

Conical and volute spring: - These types of springs are used to special

application where telescoping spring or a spring with rate that increases the

load desired. The number of coils of spring can easily modified.

3) Nuts and Bolt: - These are standard component, which are used as a

fastener. The inner diameter and size of Nut can easily change in pro/Engineer.

The bolt diameter and length of bolt can easily modify. The nuts and bolt can

also change frequently as per requirement in the various assembly. The one of

best useful characteristic of pro/Engineer we can give any color to any

component to identify clearly in case of assembly

Fig. 7.3 NUT & BOLT

4) Threads: - There are various types of threads, which are applied for various

application components. There are various types of threads i.e. V-threads

square thread. Buttross thread etc. The pitch of the threads can modified

easily. The length of the thread can easily modified. The v-threads are


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generally applied in Nuts and bolts. The square threads are generally employed

for the locking device.

5) Couplings: - A flange coupling usually applied to a coupling having twoseparate cast flanges. Each flanges is mounted on the shafts end keyed to it.

The faces are turned up right angle to the axis of the shaft. One of the flanges

has a projected portion and other flange has a corresponding recess. This helps

to bring the shaft into line and maintain alignment. The two flanges are

coupled together by means of both and nuts. The flange coupling is adapted to

heavy loads and hence it is used to large shafting. These are classified as

i) Unprotected type flange coupling:

In an unprotected type flange coupling as each shaft

is keyed to the boss of a flange with a counter sunk key and flanges are coupled

together by means of bolts. Generally three, four or six bolts are used.

Fig. 7.4 Unprotected type flange coupling

ii) Protected type flange coupling: - In a protected type flange coupling the

protruding bolts and nuts are protected by flanges on the two halves of the

coupling. The thickness of protective circumferential flange is taken as 0.25d.iii) Marine type flange coupling: - The marine type flange coupling the flanges

are forced internal with the shaft. The flanges are held together by means of

taper headless bolts numbering from four to twelve depending upon the

diameter of shaft.

6) Bearings :- This is the standard part which can used to transmit the power.

The bearing have various sizes. These can be classified into various category.

The modelling of footstep bearing and ball bearing is completed. The number


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of balls can be increased or decreased by modifying the bearing as per

requirement. As use reduce the number of ball the size of bearing can reduced.

The changes are done as per requirements.

Fig. 7.5 Bearings

8. MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR PRO/E PACKAGE

Pro/ENGINEER REQUIREMENTStandard Pro/E pre requisite (workstation on which Pro/E is loaded) is as

Follows:

1. Any Computer with Pentium Processor.

2. Operating System Windows NT 4.0 or Windows 2000 (note Pro/E release

2001 is not available on windows 95 or windows 98 so ask your customer to

upgrade to these NT OSbefore any installation proceeds).

3. Pro/E requires min of 96 MB of RAM but for better working and future

enhancements we recommend 128 MB of RAM.

4. Hard disk space required for Pro/E (without Help) is 350 MB. For

considering every thing at least customer must have IGB of free space before

installation proceeds.

5. Monitor 17 is recommended for better viewing, 14 monitor will do in

worst case but it should support resolution of 1024x768 delivered by display

card.


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6. Graphics card (8 mB Video RAM) with OpenGL support and 1024x768

resolution, 16 million colour delivery.

eg. Matrox miltenium G-400 or N-Vidia G-Force M-II etc (STD list of PTCsupported graphics card is available)

7. Network card for licensing

8. STD accessories like CD-ROM drive, 3 button mouse 8i Key board.

The above configuration is for PC on which

Pro/Engineer is working while configuration for license server can be even

lower than above configuration if Pro/E is not working on server machine, in

such case only requirement is working windows based machine on Network

which can directly accessed by client machines. ( it is not necessary to load

ProE on license server machine) if server contains ProE installation then you

can consider above list of configuration for the server.

PRO/ENGINEER FOUNDATION-II

COMPLETE PRODUCT DEFINITION

Pro/E-Foundation-II contains the industries most

used, feature-based. 3D parametric solid modeling core that provides accurate

representations of geometry, mass properties and interference checking. It

enables full definition of the product definition, producing complete and

accurate product results and deliverables. By providing feature-based

modeling and full associativity, it enables changes made anywhere in the

development process to be propagated throughout the entire design andthroughout the value chain

CAPABILITIES

Assemblies define and create complex assemblies.

Associative Drawing Tables produce detailed reports that automatically

update changes to design tables.


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Basic Surface create and trim surfaces using basic tools (extrude, revolve,

blend, sweep, etc.) Perform surface operations such copy, merge, extend, and

transform,Data Exchange empower highly collaborative CAD/CAM development.

Fully Detailed Documentation and 2D Drafting create complete, production-

ready drawings.

Library easy access to standard parts, features, tools, mold bases, connectors,

pipe fittings, symbols, and human body dimensions.

Mechanism Design assemble parts and assemblies using pre-defined

connections (pin joints, ball joints, sliders, etc.) The mechanism assembly can

then be interactively dragged through its range of motion.

Model Check evaluate parts, assemblies, and drawings to ensure that they

adhere to a companys modeling standards and best practices.

Photo-realism quickly create accurate, photo-realistic images of

Pro/ENGINEER parts and assembles.

Plotting/Printing supports more than 150 plotters plus printers and plotters

running on Microsoft WindowsNT, 95, 98 and 2000).

Programmatic Interface J-Link capability is a powerful new toot for

expanding, customizing, and automating the functionality of Pro/ENGINEER.

Sheet Metal quickly create sheet metal parts using sheet metal specific

features such as bends, punches, forms, etc. Provide the ability to unfold sheet

metal parts into accurate flat patterns.

VRML/HTML - export Pro/ENGINEER parts, assemblies, and process plans

to Web pages using standard HTML, VRML, CGM, and JPEG formats and

Java applets.

Weld Modeling and Documentation define joining requirements for welded

parts and assemblies and easily produce full, 2D weld documentation.


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MAPKEYS

Mapkeys are keyboard macros of frequently used command sequences. A possible use of a mapkey would be defining a macro for the command

sequence to establish Pro/ENGINEERs default datum planes. The following

command steps are required to set the default datum planes : Feature >> Create

>> Datum >> Plane >> Default. A mapkey can be used to create the default

datum planes in one keyboard selection.

The Mapkeys dialog box (see Figure) is used to

create and edit mapkeys. The following options are found under this dialog

box :

New : The New option is used to define a new mapkey.

Modify : The Modify option is used to modify an existing mapkey,

Run : Run is used to execute an existing mapkey. Mapkeys can be run

outside of the Mapkey dialog box.

Delete : The Delete option is used to delete an existing mapkey.

Save : The Save option is used to save the mapkey to the configuration

file. Saving a mapkey will allow it to be used with other

Pro/ENGINEER sessions.

DEFINING MAPKEYS

Mapkeys are created by recording keyboard command sequences. Pauses to

allow for the selection of objects on the work screen are included automaticallyin the recording process. Perform the following steps to create a mapkey :

STEP1:Select UTILITIES >>MAPKEYS on Pro/ENGINEERs Menu Bar.

The Mapkeys dialog box will appear

STEP 2 : Select NEW from the Mapkeys dialog box.

The Record Mapkey dialog box will appear.

STEP 3 : Enter a Key Sequence, Mapkey name, and Mapkey description.


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The key sequence is the keyboard entry that will

execute the mapkey.

For function keys, enter a dollar sign in front of thefunction key sign (e.g.$F2).

STEP 4 : Select RECORD and select command sequence from the

keyboard and from Pro/ENGINEERs menu.

After selecting Record, enter command sequence

just as you would if you were performing the function. You can enter pauses to

allow for the entry of sequences outside of the macro.

STEP 5 : Select STOP to end the recording of a mapkey.

STEP 6 : Select OK on the Record Mapkey dialog box.

STEP 7 : Select SAVE on the Mapkey dialog box to permanently store the

mapkey.

Mapkeys are saved in the current configuration file

9. RELATIONS

Mathematical and conditional relationships can be

established between dimension values. As introduced the utilization of

relations within the sketcher environment. Relations within the sketcher

environment are used to establish dimensional relationships between

dimensions of a feature. The Relations command that is found under the Part

menu is used to establish relationships between any two dimensions of a part .

Within Assembly mode, the Relations option can be used to establish

relationships between dimensions from different parts.

Dimensions can be shown with numeric values or

as symbols. Figure shows an example of a part with dimensions shown as

symbols. Dimension values are displayed as a d followed by the dimension

number (e.g., d3). Other parameters that can be displayed symbolically include

reference dimensions (e.g., rd3), plus-minus symmetrical tolerance mode (e.g.,


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tpm4), positive plus-minus tolerance mode (e.g., tp4), negative plus-minus

tolerance mode (e.g., tm4), and number of instances of a feature (e.g.,p5).

Most algebraic operators and functions can be usedto define a relation. Additionally, most comparison operators can be used.

Table provides a list of mathematical operations, functions, and comparisons

supported in relation statements. All trigonometric functions use degrees.

CONDITIONAL STATEMENTS

Pro/ENGINEERs Relations command has the

ability to utilize conditional statements for the purpose of capturing design

intent. As an example, Figure shows a flange that incorporates holes on a bolt

circle centerline. In a model such as this, the holes are created typically as a

patterned radial hole. Imagine a situation where the number of holes and the

diameter of the bolt circle are governed by the diameter of the flange. Suppose,

in this example, that the bolt circle diameter is always 2 inches less than the

diameter of the flange. Also suppose that the design requires four holes on the

bolt circle if the diameter of the flange is 10 inches or less and six holes if the

flange diameter is greater than 10 inches. Using the following relational

statements, parameters can be established that control this design intent for the

bolt circle pattern :

IF d0 < = 10 (Line 1)

p0 = 4 (Line 2)

d5 = 90 (Line 3)

ELSE (Line 4)

p0 = 6 (Line 5)

d5 = 60 (Line 6)

ENDIF (Line 7)

d3 = d0 2 (Line 8)

A conditional relation is defined between an IF

statement and an ENDIF statement. The above example utilizes an IF-ELSE


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statement. In the case of an IF-ELSE statement, if the condition is true the

expressions following the IF statement will occur. If the condition is not true,

the condition following the ELSE statement will occur. The above examplereads as follows:

Fig. 9.1

If the flange diameter is less than or equal to 10, the

number of holes is equal to four and the angular spacing between each hole is

90 degrees; or else, the number of holes is equal to six and the angular spacing

is equal to 60 degrees.

In the above example, the condition statement is the

diameter of the flange (d0) being less than or equal to 10 (see line 1). If this is

true, the number of holes on the bolt circle (p0) will be equal to four and the

angle between each instance of the hole (d5) will be 90 degrees. If the flange

diameter is not less than or equal to 10, the number of holes on the bolt circle

will be six and the angle between instances will be 60 degrees. In a conditionalstatement, the ELSE expression shown in line 4 must occupy a line by itself.

The expression ENDIF is used to end the conditional statement. Additionally,

in the above example, line 8 is used to make the bolt circle diameter always 2

less than the flange diameter.


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ADDING AND EDITTING RELATIONS

Relations are added to an object using theRelations>>Add option. Dimension and parameter symbols are not

automatically displayed upon selecting the Add option. Since these symbols

are needed for the accurate creation of a relation, it is necessary to select each

appropriate feature after selecting the Relations command. When a feature is

selected in this manner, dimensions and parameters will be shown with their

assigned dimension symbols.

Relations are added one relation at a time through a

textbox. After typing a relation, use the Enter key to input the relation. For

conditional statements, input each line one at a time, also through the textbox.

Relations are evaluated within a model in the order in which they are defined.

In most cases of conflict, the later relation overrides the former.

The Show Rel and the Edit Rel options can be used

to display defined relations. While the Show Rel option allows for the viewing

of relations, the Edit Rel option allows for the modification of existing relations

and for the creation of new relations.

10. PART FAMILY

FAMILY TABLES

A family of parts comprises components that share

common geometric features. An example of a family of parts is the hex head

bolt. Hex head bolts come in a variety of sizes but share common

characteristics. Bolts can have different lengths and diameters but share similar

head features and thread parameters (Figure). Family tables are groups of

similar features, parts, or assemblies. Within companies, it is common to find

parts and assemblies with common geometric characteristics. Examples can be

found in the automotive industry. An automobile manufacturer probably has a

large variety of cam shafts. A family table can be created that drives the


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construction of a companys line of cam shafts. Examples can be found with

assemblies also. Imagine the number of alternators that a major automobile

company produces. Alternators have similar characteristics but can vary incertain components and features. A family table can be created that controls

the design of a companys line of alternators.

Family tables have many advantages. Storing and

controlling large numbers of components can be difficult to manage and costly.

For a family of parts with large numbers of variations, family tables allow

components to be stored to disk while consuming significantly less storage

space. Family tables also save time in the modeling process. If a design is

known to work effectively, a variation of the design can be created by changing

a parameter within the family table. This technique also allows for the

standardization of a design.

ADDING ITEMS TO A FAMILY TABLE

No specific option is used to create a family table.

A family table is created automatically when an item is selected to add to the

family table. Examples of items that can be added to a family table include

dimensions, features, components, and user parameters. Other items that can

be added include groups, pattern tables, and reference models. To add an item,

select the Add Item option from the family table menu; then select the item

type to add. Some items, such as groups, are better selected by utilizing the

model tree.


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CREATING A FAMILY TABLE

BENEFITS OF FAMILY TABLES

Using family tables, you can:

Create and store large numbers of objects simply and compactly

Save time and effort by standardizing part generation

Generate variations of a part from one part file without having to re-

create and generate each one

Create slight variations in parts without having to use relations to

change the model

Create a table of parts that can be saved to a print file and included in

part catalogs

Family tables promote the use of standardized components and enable you to

represent your actual part inventory in Pro/ENGINEER. Moreover, families

facilitate interchangeability of parts and subassemblies in an assembly;instances from the same family are automatically interchangeable with each

other.

This section will introduce the creation of family tables by creating

a family table of hex head and square head bolts. Three instances will be

created: two hex head and one square head. Figure shows the two instances of

the hex head bolt, the instance of the square head bolt, and the generic part.

The generic part is a standard Pro/ENGINEER part and is used to create the


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instances. This part (generic-bolt) can be found on the supplemental CD.

Notice in the figure the overlap of the heads of the hex head bolt and the square

head bolt. As shown on the model tree in Figure, the hex head bolt is actually agrouped feature.

The generic part in this turorial is a bolt with a

major diameter of 0.500 inches and a bolt length of 2.25 inches. A cosmetic

thread feature has been created with a minor diameter of 0.375 inches.

Additionally, the following dimensional relations have been added to the

generic part :

The height of both bolt heads is set to 0.667 times the major diameter.

The distance across the flats of both bolt heads is set to 1.5 times the

major diameter.

The cosmetic thread minor diameter is set to 0.75 times the major

diameter.

This tutorial will add the bolts major diameter and

length dimensions to the family table. Additionally, the two grouped features

that defined the bolt heads will be added. Three instances of the part will be

created. The first instance will be a Hex Head bolt with the same dimensions

as the generic part. The second instance will be a Square Head bolt, also with

the same dimensions as the generic part. The third instance will be a Hex Head

bolt with a 1.00 inch major diameter and a length of 3.00 inches.

Perform the following steps to create a family table

of bolts :

STEP 1 : Create the Bolt with the Hex Head.

Use appropriate modeling tools to create the bolt.

This part, named generic-bolt, can be found on the supplemental CD also. If

you elected to open the existing part, skip steps 2 to 4.

STEP 2 : Group the features comprising the hex head; then suppress the

group.


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By grouping the features comprising the hex head,

these features can be manipulated together. This group will be suppressed to

allow for the creation of the square head.STEP 3 : Create the Square Head feature on the Bolt.

STEP 4 : Use the RESUME option to unsuppress the Hex_Head group.

STEP 5 : Select the FAMILY TAB option from the Part menu.

Each part is capable of one family table. The

family table is created when the first item is added to it.

STEP 6 : Select the ADD ITEM option on the Family Table menu

(Figure).

Examples of items that can be added to a family

table include dimensions, features, and components.

STEP 7 : Select the DIMENSION option on the Item Type menu (Figure) then

select the shaft of the bolt.

The first items that will be added to the family table

include the dimensions that define the major diameter of the bolt and the length

of the bolt.

STEP 8 : As shown in Figure, select the dimensions defining the bolts major

diameter and the bolts length.

Using the Dimension type, any selected dimension

will be added to the family table.

STEP 9 : Select the FEATURE option on the Item Type menu (Figure).

The Feature option allows features, including

grouped features, to be added to the family table. Two features will be added :

the Hex_Head group feature and the Square_Head_Bolt feature.

STEP 10 : On the Model Tree, select the HEX_HEAD group feature and

the SQUARE_HEAD_BOLT feature; then select DONE on the Select Feat

menu.

STEP 11 : Select EDIT on the Family Table menu.


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Selecting the Edit option will activate Pro/TABLE.

Pro/TABLE is a spreadsheet that is used to manage and create instances of a

part. Figure shows the table with the generic bolt feature that contains allpreviously selected items.

STEP 12 : As shown in Figure, enter the information in the TABLE to

create the instance HEX_2250_500.

The new instances name will be HEX_2250_500.

This name represents a hex head bolt, 2,250 inches in length, and 0.500 inches

in diameter. Pro/TABLE does not accept a period value or a space in the

instance name; hence, the naming standard shown in this example. Enter 2.25

for the length of the instance and 0.5 as the bolt diameter (Figure). In the table,

enter a Y value for the new instance in the column representing the hex head

feature (F56 in this example) and an N value for the column representing the

square head feature (F261 in this example). A Y value will reveal the feature

in the instance, and an N value will remove the feature.

INSTRUCTIONAL NOTE When entering the Y and N values to create new

instances, Pro/TABLE will left justify each column. The example shown in

Figure has been right-justified.

STEP 13 : As shown in Figure, enter the information in the TABLE to

create the instance SQUARE_2250_500.

This instance consists of a square head bolt with a major diameter of

0.500 inches and a bolt length of 2.250 inches.

STEP 14 : Select FILE >> EXIT from the Pro/TABLE menu.Pro/ENGINEER automatically saves the Pro/TABLE when selecting the

exit command.

STEP 15 : Select the INSTANCE option on the Family Table menu.

The Instance option reveals defined instances in the Family Tree dialog

box.

STEP 16 : On the Family Tree dialog box, select the HEX_2250_500

instance; then select OK.


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Pro/ENGINEER opens a new window with the instance of the part

shown.

Selecting the Save option from the File menu will save the currentinstance as a part.

STEP 17 : Close the instance from memory by selecting the FILE >>

ERASE >> CURRENT option.

Use the File >> Erase >> Current option to close the He_2250_500

instance of the part.

STEP 18 : Activate the generic part (Window >> Activate); then select the

FAMILY TAB menu.

STEP 19 : Select EDIT from the Family Table menu; then create a

HEX_3000_1000 instance.

Create an instance of the generic part that includes a hex head bolt that

is 3 inches in length with a major diameter of 1 inch.

STEP 20 : Select FILE >> EXIT from the Pro/TABLE menu.

STEP 21: Save the generic part.

11. HOW TO USE LAYERS

The following steps describe in general how to use

layers. For specific information, see the referenced sections.

1. Set up the layers to which items will be added..

2. Add items to the specified layers. .

Some items can be automatically added to layers as they are created.

This is done using default layers in the configuration file.

You can add an item by selecting its type and then selecting the item.

You can add features by selecting an option that adds all features of a

particular type to the layer.

You can add a range of features to a layer.

You can add a feature and all of its children to a layer.


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You can include one layer on another layer.

You can copy items from one layer to another layer or to a new layer.

3. Set the display status of the layers using either the Layer Display dialog

box or the layer file. .

Creating Layers

The SETUP LAYER menu contains the following commands:

Create--Enables you to create a layer by entering its name.

Delete--Enables you to delete selected layers.

Rename--Enables you to rename a selected layer.

Specify Id--Opens the LAYER ID menu. Enables you to set or remove

an interface layer ID. With this ID, a layer is recognized when you are

exporting the file to a different format such as IGES.

From File--Opens the PARAMETERS menu. Enables you to manipulate a

layer by modifying parameters in the layer file.

Using the Model Tree

Learning how to use the Model Tree is critical for using Pro/ENGINEER

effectively. As you or your workgroup develops more sophisticated models,

you will find that the Model Tree provides both basic and sophisticated features

for manipulating and managing the objects that you create. These features

include the following:

It displays a list of objects currently available in your Pro/ENGINEER

session. For example, if you open an assembly, the Model Tree displays

all the constituent parts associated with that assembly.

It lets you select specific features or parts for various operations. For

example, you can select a feature in a part by selecting its name in the

Model Tree without having to alter the current view of the part to make

the feature easily selectable.

It lets you run commonly used commands for the features that you

select. For example, you can right-click a feature listed in the Model


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Tree and create a model note for it. Similarly, you can select an

assembly in the Model Tree and create a new part for that assembly.

It displays detailed information about each object, for example, featuretypes, feature ID, and names.

It lets you create new information parameters for selected features.

It provides sophisticated search capabilities so you can query all the

objects in your Pro/ENGINEER session for specific built-in or user-

defined parameters.

In this section you will learn how to use each of the features of the Model Tree.

12. LISTING FEATURES AND PARTS IN THE MODEL

TREE

When you retrieve a model, Pro/ENGINEER

displays information about its geometry in the active window. By default, it

also displays the model structure in a tree format in the Model Tree window.

Whether you have retrieved a part or an assembly,

the Model Tree displays the root object at the top of its tree and subordinate

objects below it. In this example, the Model Tree displays two part objects

(NUT.PRT and PN3.PRT) associated with the assembly NUT-BOLT.ASM.


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Once the top-level features of an object are

displayed in the Model Tree, you can display more detailed features associated

with any of the features or parts.

MANIPULATING FEATURES USING THE MODEL TREE

The Model Tree does much more than display

objects. It also lets you interact with objects in your model. Whenever you

would normally be required to select parts or features during a Pro/ENGINEER

session, you can select them from the model tree by locating the items on the

tree and clicking them.

How to Select Features Using the Model Tree

1. Click the name of a feature or part displayed in the Model Tree.

Pro/ENGINEER activates the workspace window containing that feature

or part and then highlights that feature or part. For example, to select the

part PN3.PRT in the assembly NUT-BOLT.ASM, click the name

PN3.PRT in the Model Tree.

2. Select a different feature in the Model Tree to change the selection.

Once you have selected a feature using the Model Tree, you can carry out

commonly used commands appropriate for that feature. Each feature you select

has a unique set of commands.

How to Choose Commands for Selected Features


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1. Select a feature or part listed in the Model Tree.

2. Right-click the feature or part to display a menu of commonly used

commands appropriate for that feature or part.If you right-click an assembly, the menu displays the following

commands.

If you right-click a part, the menu displays the following commands.


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Choose a command from the displayed menu.

13. DESCRIPTION OF MACHINES

MAHAVIR

D-SERIES DESTONER

MEPL Destoner assures unbeatable reliability and

performance. Most effective solution for separation of stones, mud balls and

dust from seeds/grains.

APPLICATION:

For continuous separation of stones from a stream

of granular material. Simple and dependable separation on the basis of the

difference in terminal velocity of the material and of the heavy impurities such

as stone, metals, glass etc.


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WORKING PRINCIPLE:

The gravity-fed grain is spread by a feeder across

the entire width of the machine. On separation screen, the stream of material is

stratified according to its specific gravity by the oscillating motion of the

screen and the air flowing through the material from bottom to top. The light

particles collect at the top and the heavy ones including the stones at the

bottom. The lower layers of stones flow upward and are separated out. The

stone free stream of materials float on cushion of air, flowing slowly towards

the material outlets. The inclination of the screens. The air volume and final

separation can be individually adjusted to achieve the optimum degree of

separation.

DUST COLLECTION SYSTEM

Some products are contaminated with dust chaff

and other light impurities, which are to be separated. The provision of special

fan for removing the said impurities can be given as an optional arrangement.

Adjustment: All the adjustment provided in the machine is simple and user

friendly.

MACHINE CAPACITY:

Due to the wide variation in separation

requirements, MFPL cannot guarantee these specific capacities; however,

estimates in the table are conservative and have been equaled or exceeded

when the destoner and other associated equipment have been installed and

operated properly. The destoner requires a firm foundation, an adequate clean

air source and uniform feed rate.

Table 13.1 Technical Specification:

Model Capacity Power in HP Dimensions

D-2

D-1.5

2 TPH 2 HP

3 HP

Length - 1300 mm

Width - 960 mm

Height - 2000 mm


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(With dust

collection)

Deck size

870 x 740 mm


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G-SERIES GRAVITY

Mahavir Gravity Separator is used to separate any

of dry particles similar in size & shape, but having different in specific weight.Gives best result in gradation of seed as well as grains.

WORKING PRINCIPLE :

It works on principle of Gravity' (weight)

difference in the particles. For efficient density separation on different variety

of seed or grain. Proper adjustment of deck inclination (longitudinal &

transverse). Deck oscillation speed & setting of air of multi fan is necessary.

The above adjustment can be done very easily while machine is in running

condition.

DUST CONTROL

Certain seed/ grains contain dust; chaff & other

light impurities make pollution in atmosphere. To control this air pollution as

per system can provide with optional arrangement based on customer required.

Features:

Blower of aerodynamic design gives very high efficiency and avoids

noise.

Sturdy & compact design.

Easy airflow adjustment.

Filters provided to avoid entry of dust in blowers.

Rectangular deck ensures excellent separation.

Multi fan arrangement ensures exact ensures air flow requirement in

different deck areas.

Table 13.2 Technical Specification


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Model No. of Fan Capacity Power Dimension in mm

MG-1

MG-2

MG-4

3 Fans

5 Fans

7 Fans

1 TPH

2 TPH

4 TPH

5.0 HP

7.5 HP

10.0 HP

2200 x 1150 x 650

MAHAVIR : A-Series Air Classifier

This machine is the effective solution for separating

light seed / grain, dust, impurities from good quality grain/ seed.

Working Principle: The seed/grain are initially fed to feeding hopper.

Through feeding hopper grains are pneumatically conveyed to top classifying

feed chamber. The grains are conveyed through rectangular conveying duct.

Stones, chaff dust are separated out from grains & are collected in top feed

chamber. From top feed chamber, grains are fed to classifying duct where high

velocity air stream separates light grains, light impurities from good quality

grain. Separate chute is provided for collecting good quality grain, light grains

dust & chaff.

Special Features: Grading of grain is done by high velocity air stream.

Removes dust, light impurities, trash from grain.

Low quality immature grain and broken grains are separated from good

quality grain.

Self-pneumatic feeding, hence no need of bucket elevator.

Glass panel is provided to observe process of separation and for accurate

adjustment.

No screen, deck or any moving part, hence maintenance free.


Model Electrical Power Capacity

MEPL 4 7.5 HP 4 TPH

MEPL 2 5.0 HP 2 TPH

MEPL 1 3.0 HP 1 TPH

MAHAVIR : W- Series weigher


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Special Features :

Electronic Setting Facility.

Load Cell based

Accuracy 0.1%

Range 20-100 Kgs.

Capacity - 60 Bags of 100 Kgs. per hour.

Facility of Conveyor.

Facility of stitching of gunny bag.

Structure - Powder coating, hence long life. Easy clamping & decamping of Gunny bag.

Storage bin capacity - 750 Kgs.

Only one Operator requires operating the machine.

Pneumatically operated feed gate system.


Model Capacity Power Reqd.Dimension

(Mtr.)

WS -100 20-100 Kgs.2 HP

(Conveyor)3 x 1 x 2.5


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14. TROUBLE SHOOTING


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15. CONCLUSION

Pro/engineer is more than just a modeling

application. It is a true engineering design package. One of the capabilities that

separate pro/engineer from mid- ranged computer-aided design and drafting

applications is its ability to model an entire engineering design. With

appropriate modules of pro/engineer, a product can be designed, modeled,

detailed, simulated, and manufactured. While pro/engineers part mode is the

main component for low-end design work, assembly mode is the module for

complete product design. Pro/engineer is considered a design and engineering

tool. The various modules of pro/engineer provide designer, engineer, and

manufacturers with the tools necessary to take design from conceptual stage to

final manufacturing.


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16. REFERENCES

1) PRO/ENGINEER INSTRUCTOR BY: DAVID S. KELLEY

2) www.ptc.com

3) MACHINE DESIGN BY R.S. KHURMI

4) PRO/E HELP CD ROM (MASTER TUTOR)

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modeling of various agro machines and standard components using proe

Documents