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Chapter1

Creating Sketches in

the Sketch Mode-I

After completing this chapter you will be able to:

Use various tool buttons to create a geometry. Dimension a sketch. Apply constraints to a sketch. Modify a sketch. Use Modify Dimensions dialog box. Edit geometry of a sketch by trimming. Mirror a sketch. Use drawing display options.

Learning Objectives

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1-2 Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire for Designers (Evaluation copy WF006/03)

THE SKETCH MODEAlmost all the models designed in Pro/ENGINEER consists of datums, sketched features,and placed features. Generally, for creating datums and placed features, you do not requiresketches. However, to create a three-dimensional (3D) feature, it is necessary to draw itstwo-dimensional (2D) sketch. When you enter the Part mode and select the options to createany sketched feature, the system automatically takes you to the sketcher environment. In thesketcher environment, the sketch of the feature is created, dimensioned, and constrained.Then you return to the Part mode to create the required feature. The sketches created in theSketch mode are stored in the .sec format.

Note

You will learn about datums and placed features in later chapters.

The Sketch mode is used when the design of a product is at its development stage. The designer

can draw the 2D sketch of the product and assign the required dimensions to it. By assigningthe dimensions, the designer can make sure that the 2D sketch of the product or model issatisfying the necessary conditions. He can then continue for the 3D model of the design,that is, the Part mode.

Using the Sketch ModeTo create any section in the Sketch mode of Pro/ENGINEER, certain basic steps have to befollowed. The following steps outline the procedure to use the Sketch mode:

1. Sketch the required section geometryThe various sketcher tools available in this mode can be used to sketch the required sectiongeometry.

2. Add the constraints and dimension the sketched sectionWhile sketching the section geometry, weak constraints and dimensions are automaticallyadded to the section. The sketch can also be dimensioned and constrained manually. Afteradding the dimensions you can modify them as required.

3. Add relations to the sketchThe geometry of various entities of the sketch can be controlled by adding relations.

4. Regenerate the sectionIf the sketch is fully dimensioned and constrained, the sketch is automatically regenerated.Throughout this book, it is assumed that you are sketching in the Sketch mode with the IntentManager on. Pro/ENGINEER has the capability to analyze the section, and if the section is notcomplete for any reason, the section will not be regenerated. You will know about thesereasons as you go through this chapter.

Tip:In Pro/ENGINEER, the phrase Sketch is regenerated means that the sketch is fully defined in terms of dimensions and constraints and is accepted byPro/ENGINEER.

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Creating Sketches in the Sketch Mode-I 1- 3

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Entering the Sketch ModeTo enter the Sketch mode, select New from the File menu or choose the Create a new object

button from the File toolbar. The New dialog box is displayed, as shown in Figure 1-1, withvarious Pro/ENGINEER modes available. Select the Sketch radio button to open a new file inthe Sketch mode. When you select the Sketch radio button, a default name of a sketchfile appears in the Name edit box. You can change the sketch name as required. Choose theOKbutton to enter the Sketch mode.

THE SKETCHER ENVIRONMENTWhen you enter the Sketch mode, the initial screen appearance is similar to the one shown inFigure 1-2. This figure also shows the Sketcher Tools toolbar that is on the right of the graphicsscreen. The buttons available in this toolbar are used to draw a sketch. The various drawingoptions are also available in the Sketch menu in the menu bar. When you enter the sketcherenvironment, the Intent Manager is on by default. When you are in the selection mode, theshortcut menus can be invoked by holding down the right mouse button on the graphics

screen. These shortcut menus depend on the item selected and the options in the shortcutmenus vary accordingly. These shortcut menus also contain the options to draw the sketches.

Note

The selection mode in the sketcher environment is discussed later in this chapter.

Figure 1-1 Newdialog box

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The Navigator is displayed on the left of the graphics screen. It covers the graphics screen,and therefore the drawing area is decreased. Make the Navigator to slide in by clicking theNavigator sash. Now, the area available for sketching is increased.

Note

The function of the navigator is discussed in Introduction.

WORKING WITH THE SKETCH IN THE SKETCH MODEWhen you enter the sketcher environment, the Select items button is selected by default. Ifthis button is selected, the sketcher environment is said to be in the selection mode. In theselection mode, you can select entities from the sketch to edit them and to invoke the shortcutmenu. The options in the shortcut menu can be used to apply various operations on theselected item.

Note

The sketch is saved as a .sec file extension. While drawing in the Part mode, if you save adrawing in the sketcher environment, the sketch is saved in the .sec file extension.

Figure 1-2 Initial screen appearance after entering the Sketch mode

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DRAWING A SKETCH USING THE SHORTCUT MENUYou can create a simple sketch by using the options available in the shortcut menu. You candraw lines, arcs that start at the endpoint of any existing geometry, and circles by using theleft mouse button.

To invoke the shortcut menu, hold down the right mouse buttonon the graphics screen. Note that, once the shortcut menu isdisplayed, the right mouse button can be released. The shortcutmenu that is displayed when you are in the selection mode isshown in Figure 1-3. These options in the shortcut menu aredisplayed only when there is no entity drawn on the graphicsscreen. This menu allows you to draw a sketch without selectingthe tools from the Sketcher Tools toolbar. For example, you candraw a line, a circle, and an arc without selecting these tools from the Sketcher Tools toolbar.

The procedure to draw various entities by using this shortcut menu is discussed next.

Drawing a Line Using the Shortcut MenuThe following steps explain the procedure to sketch a line using the shortcut menu:

1. Invoke the shortcut menu by holding down the right mouse button on the graphics screen.

2. Choose the Line option from the shortcut menu.

3. Using the left mouse button, specify a point on the graphics screen from where you wantthe line to start. A white rubber-band line appears, one end of which is fixed at the pointyou specified and the other is attached to the cursor. Now, move the cursor on the screento a desired point where you want the line to end.

4. Specify the endpoint of the line by pressing the left mouse button. The line ends at thispoint. Note that line creation does not end at this point. The next rubber-band lineyellow in color is attached to the cursor. The endpoint of the last line is the start point ofthis new line. This process will continue until you terminate line creation.

5. Press the middle mouse button to end the continuous line creation. The yellowrubber-band line disappears. Press it again to exit the tool. The lines drawn appear inyellow color.

Note

The above explanation for drawing lines is not for a single line creation. When you draw a

single line, then the color of the line after you have drawn it is red.

After drawing a line when you press the middle mouse button to end the line creation, the linedrawn is highlighted in red color. In the sketcher environment, the red color of an entity indicatesthat it is selected. If you press the DELETE key then the line will be erased from the graphics screen. After drawing a line, weak dimensions that appear in gray color are applied to thesketch. The weak dimensions are applied automatically to the sketcher entities as you draw them.

Figure 1-3 Shortcut menu

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Drawing a Rectangle Using the Shortcut MenuThe following steps explain the procedure to sketch a rectangle using the shortcut menu:


2. Choose the Rectangle option from the shortcut menu.

3. Using the left mouse button, specify a point on the graphics screen to locate the firstcorner of the rectangle. A yellow rubber-band rectangle appears, one corner of which isfixed at the point you specified and the diagonally opposite corner is attached to thecursor.

4. Move the cursor and specify the location of the opposite corner on the graphics screen bypressing the left mouse button. The rectangle is created and appears in yellow color.

Note

If you want to abort sketching an entity, you can do so by pressing the middle mouse button.

Drawing a Circle Using the Shortcut MenuThe following steps explain the procedure to sketch a circle using the shortcut menu:


2. Choose the Circle option from the shortcut menu.

3. Specify the center of the circle you want to draw by pressing the left mouse button on thegraphics screen. A white rubber-band circle appears that has its center at the specified

point. The rubber-band circle is attached to the cursor.

4. You can now move the cursor away from the center point to give the circle the required size.

5. Once you get the appropriate size of the circle, press the left mouse button. The circleappears in yellow color.

Drawing an Arc Using the Shortcut MenuYou can draw two types of arcs using the shortcut menu. The first one is drawn by selectingthree points on the graphics screen and the second one by drawing it tangent to an existingentity. The following steps explain the procedure to sketch an arc using the shortcut menu:


2. Choose the 3-Point / Tangent End option from the shortcut menu.

3. Using the left mouse button, select the endpoint of an entity from where you want to startthe arc. A circle with four quadrants formed by two lines appears at the selected point.This is called the Targetsymbol.

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As you move the cursor out of one of the quadrant tangentially, a yellow rubber-band arcappears with one end attached to the cursor and the other end tangent to the entity.

If you want to draw the arc by specifying three points, then move the cursor out of thequadrant perpendicular to endpoint of the entity.

4. Now, move the cursor on the graphics screen to size the arc. If you are drawing an arc byspecifying three points then the rubber-band arc will not appear.

5. When you get the required size of the arc, press the left mouse button to complete the arc.A yellow colored arc is sketched. You can abort the arc by pressing the middle mousebutton.

Note

The color of the entities displayed depends on the system settings of the colors you set. The colors

referred to above are the default system colors.

DRAWING A SKETCH USING THE SKETCHER TOOLS

TOOLBARThe Sketcher Tools toolbar that is available on the Right Toolchestwhen you are in thesketcher environment contains the tools to draw a sketch, dimension it, and modify thedimensions. In this section, you will learn to draw various drawing entities using the toolsavailable in the Sketcher Tools toolbar.

Drawing a PointPoints are used mainly for dimensioning the vertices that are missing due to fillets.

For example, if you create fillets at the corners of a sketch but want to show thedimensions of the sketch. In this case, you can draw points on the corners and then

create the fillet at the corners. Now, since a point is present at the corner, you can easilydimension the sketch. The following steps explain the procedure to sketch a point:

1. Choose the Create points button from the Sketcher Tools toolbar. When you choose thisbutton, the system prompts you to select a location for the point on the graphics screen.

2. As soon as you select a point by pressing the left mouse button, the point is placed at thedesired location on the graphics screen.

Note

To increase the number of visible command prompt lines in the Message Area, select the top

sash of theMessage Area using the left mouse button and drag it toward the screen.

When you draw a single point no dimensions appear but when you draw two points then theyare dimensioned with each other.

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Drawing a LineTo create lines, there are three tool buttons available in the Sketcher Tools toolbar. To view

the tools available to draw lines, choose the black arrow on the right of the Create 2 pointlines button. The flyout appears with the three tool buttons. The first button is Create 2point lines. This button is used to create a line by selecting two points on the graphicsscreen. The second button on the flyout is Create lines tangent to 2 entities. This button isused to create a tangent between two entities. The third button is Create 2 point centerlines.This button is used to create a centerline by selecting two points on the graphics screen. Thecenterline is used for creating revolved features, mirroring, and so on.

The procedures to create lines using the various tools are discussed next.

Drawing a line using the Create 2 Point lines buttonThe following steps explain the procedure to create a line using the Create 2 point

lines button:

1. Choose the Create 2 point lines button. Select a point on graphics screen to start the lineby pressing the left mouse button. A rubber-band line appears from the selected pointwith the other end attached to the cursor.

2. The system prompts you to specify the endpoint. Move the cursor on the graphics screento give the desired length to the line. Press the left mouse button to specify the endpointof the line. The line appears in yellow color. However, the rubber-band line continues todraw the second line.

3. Repeat step 2 until all the lines are drawn. End line creation by pressing the middle mousebutton. To abort line creation, use the middle mouse button.

Drawing a line using the Create lines tangent to 2 entities buttonThe Create lines tangent to 2 entities button is used to draw a tangent between twoentities such as arcs, circles, splines, or a combination of these. The following stepsexplain the procedure to draw a tangent using this button:

1. Choose the arrow on the right of the Create 2 points line button and then choose theCreate lines tangent to 2 entities button from the Sketcher Tools toolbar. You are promptedto select two different arcs, circles, or splines.

2. Select the first entity from where the tangent line will be drawn. The color of the entitychanges to red. You are prompted to select the second entity. As soon as you select thesecond entity, a line that is tangent to both the selected entities is drawn.

Note

Whenever you are prompted to select an entity in the sketcher environment, the SELECTdialogbox is displayed. You can ignore this dialog box because it appears automatically and disappearswithout any confirmation.

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Drawing a centerline using the Create 2 point centerlines buttonYou can draw horizontal, vertical, or inclined centerline using the Create 2 point

centerlines button. This button is available in the flyout that is displayed when youchoose the black arrow on the right of the Create 2 point lines button. The centerline

in a sketch is used as axis of rotation, for mirroring entities, for alignment, and for dimensioning.

The following steps explain the procedure to draw a centerline:

1. Choose the black arrow on the right of the Create 2 point lines button and then choosethe Create 2 point centerlines button from the Sketcher Tools toolbar. You are promptedto select the start point.

2. Using the left mouse button, select a point on the graphics screen to specify the startpoint. You are prompted to select the end point.

3. Select an endpoint to create the centerline. A centerline of infinite length is drawn.

Drawing a RectangleThe following steps explain the procedure to sketch a rectangle using the Createrectangle button:

1. Choose the Create rectangle button from the Sketcher Tools toolbar. You are promptedto select two points to indicate the diagonal of box. Select the first point.

2. As you select the first point by pressing the left mouse button, a yellow rubber-band boxappears with the cursor attached to the opposite corner of the box. Move the cursor tothe desired location on the graphics screen to size the diagonal of the rectangle. Press

the left mouse button to select the second point for the diagonal of the rectangle.

Drawing a CircleTo draw a circle there are four tool buttons and one button to draw an ellipse in the SketcherTools toolbar. To view the tool buttons available to draw circles and ellipses, choose the blackarrow on the right of the Create circle by picking the center and a point on the circlebutton. The flyout appears with five tool buttons.

The procedures to create circle and ellipse using the various tool buttons are discussed next.

Drawing a circle using the Create circle by picking the center and a

point on the circle button

As the name suggests, the Create circle by picking the center and a point on thecircle button is used to draw a circle by specifying the center of the circle and a pointon the circle. The following steps explain the procedure to draw a circle using the

Create circle by picking the center and a point on the circle button from the SketcherTools button:

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1. Choose the Create circle by picking the center and a point on the circle button. You areprompted to select the center of the circle.

2. Specify the center point for the circle on the graphics screen by pressing the left mousebutton.

3. You are prompted to select a point on the circle. A yellow rubber-band circle appears withthe center at the specified point and the cursor attached to its circumference. Move thecursor to size the circle. Press the left mouse button to complete circle creation. You areagain prompted to select the center of the circle.

4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 until you have drawn all the required circles. If you want to abortcircle creation before completing it, press the middle mouse button.

Drawing a Construction Circle

A construction circle is a circle that is used to align entities, is used for diametrical or radialdimensioning, and is used to reference entities. Figure 1-4 shows an application of constructioncircle. In the sketch of a flange, centers of the circles lie on a particular bolt circle diameter(BCD) that is defined using a construction circle.

To create a construction circle, draw a circle and then hold down the right mouse button onit to invoke the shortcut menu as shown in Figure 1-5.

Choose the Construction option from the shortcut menu. Pick a point on the screen to removethe circle from the selection set. The circle appears yellow in color and with a dotted lineindicating that it is a construction circle.

Figure 1-4 Sketch of a flange

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Creating Sketches in the Sketch Mode-I 1-11

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Drawing a circle using the Create Concentric circle buttonThe following steps explain the procedure to draw a concentric circle using the CreateConcentric circle button:

1. Choose the Create Concentric circle button from the flyout in the Sketcher Tools toolbar.You are prompted to select an arc to determine the center. You can select an arc or acircle to specify the center point.

2. Press the left mouse button to select an arc or a circle to determine the concentricity of

the circle to be drawn. Move the mouse to size the circle.

3. After sizing the circle, finish circle creation by pressing the left mouse button. Press themiddle mouse button to end circle creation or to abort it.

Drawing a circle using the Create circle by picking its 3 points buttonThe following steps explain the procedure to draw a circle using the Create circle bypicking its 3 points button:

1. Choose the Create circle by picking its 3 pointbutton from the flyout in the SketcherTools toolbar. You are prompted to specify the first point on the circle.

2. Select the first point at the desired location on the graphics screen by pressing the left

mouse button. You are prompted to select the second point on the circle. Move thecursor to select the second point on the graphics screen.

3. As soon as you select the second point, a yellow rubber-band circle appears with thecursor attached to it. You are prompted to select the third point. Move the mouse to sizethe circle. A circle is drawn when you select the third point by pressing the left mouse

Tip: To convert a construction circle back to a solid entity, select the construction

circle and hold down the right mouse button to invoke the shortcut menu. Choose theSolidoption from this shortcut menu.

Figure 1-5 Constructionoption in the shortcut menu

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button. You will again be prompted to select first point on the circle to draw the next circle.

4. Repeat step 2 until you have drawn all the circles. Press the middle mouse button to endcircle creation or to abort circle creation before the circle is completed.

Drawing a circle using the Create a circle tangent to 3 entities buttonThe Create a circle tangent to 3 entities button is used to draw a circle that is tangentto three existing entities. This tool references other entities to draw a circle. Thecircle drawn using this tool is drawn irrespective of the points selected on the entity.

The following steps explain the procedure to draw a circle using the Create a circle tangentto 3 entities button:

1. Choose the Create a circle tangent to 3 entities buttonfrom the flyout in the SketcherTools toolbar. You are prompted to select the start location on an arc, circle, or line.

2. Select the first entity using the left mouse button. The color of the entity changes to red.You are prompted to select an end location on an arc, circle, or line. Select the secondtangent entity. Next, you are prompted to select the third location on an arc, circle, orline. Select the third tangent entity.

As you select all the three entities, a circle that is tangent to all the three entities is drawn.You are again prompted to select the first entity for the second circle if required to bedrawn.

3. Repeat step 2 until you have drawn all the circles. To end the creation of circle using thisoption or to abort it, press the middle mouse button.

Drawing an ellipse using the Create a full ellipse buttonThe following steps explain the procedure to draw an ellipse using the Create a fullellipse button:

1. Choosethe Create a full ellipse buttonfrom the flyout in the Sketcher Tools toolbar.You are prompted to specify the center of the ellipse.

2. Select the center point at the desired location on the graphics screen by pressing the leftmouse button. A yellow rubber-band ellipse appears with the cursor attached to the ellipse.Move the cursor on the graphics screen to size the ellipse.

3. An ellipse is drawn when you select the second point by pressing the left mouse button.

Drawing an ArcTo draw an arc there are five tool buttons in the Sketcher Tools toolbar. To view these toolbuttons, choose the black arrow on the right of the Create an arc by 3 points or tangent to anentity at its endpointbutton. The flyout appears with five tool buttons.

The procedures to draw arcs using various tool buttons in the flyout are discussed next.

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Drawing an arc using the Create concentric arc buttonThe Create concentricarc button is used to draw an arc concentric to an existing arc.

You will have to select an entity to which the arc will be concentric. The entity selectedmust be an arc or a circle. The following steps explain the procedure to draw an arc

using this tool button:

1. Choose the Createconcentric arc button from the flyout in the Sketcher Tools toolbar.You are prompted to select an arc to determine the center of the arc to be created. Theentity to be selected should be an arc or a circle.

2. As soon as you select an entity, you are prompted to select the start point of the arc. Selectthe start point of the arc. A yellow rubber-band arc will appear with one end attached tothe start point and center point at the center of the selected arc. The size of the arc willchange as you move the cursor. Move the mouse to size the arc. You are prompted toselect the endpoint of the arc.

3. Specify the endpoint by pressing the left mouse button.

4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 until you have drawn the required number of arcs. You can end arccreation by pressing the middle mouse button.

Drawing an arc using the Create an arc by picking its center and

endpoints buttonThe following steps explain the procedure to draw an arc using the Create an arc bypicking its center and endpoints button:

1. Choose the Create an arc by picking its center and endpoints button from the flyout in

the Sketcher Tools toolbar.You are prompted to select the center of the arc.

2. Select a center point for the arc on the graphics screen by pressing the left mouse button.A yellow colored center mark appears at that point on the graphics screen. Now, you areprompted to select the start point of the arc. As you move the cursor, a dotted circleappears and is attached to the cursor.

3. Select the start point of the arc on the circumference of the dotted circle. A yellowrubber-band arc appears from the start point. The size of this arc changes dynamically asyou move the mouse.

4. You are prompted to select the endpoint of the arc. Move the mouse to size the arc, andthen select the endpoint of the arc using the left mouse button. An arc is drawn between

the two points selected.

Note

Note that you can draw only one arc with one center. If you want to draw another arc you willhave to select the center again.

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Drawing an arc using the Create an arc tangent to 3 entities buttonThe Create an arc tangent to 3 entities button is used to draw an arc that is tangent

to three selected entities. The following steps explain the procedure to draw an arcusing this tool button:

1. Choose the Create an arc tangent to 3 entities button from the flyout in the SketcherTools toolbar. You are prompted to select the start location on an arc, circle, or line.

2. As soon as you select the first entity, the color of the entity changes to red. Now, you areprompted to select the end location on an arc, circle, or line.

3. Select the second entity. You are prompted to select a third location on an arc, circle, orline. Select a third entity. An arc is created instantly when all the three entities are selected.The arc drawn is tangent to all the three entities selected.

4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 until you have drawn the required number of arcs. If you want toabort arc creation, you can press the middle mouse button.

Drawing an arc using the Create a conic arc buttonThe Create a conic arc button is used to draw a conic arc. The following steps explainthe procedure to draw a conic arc using this tool button:

1. Choose the Create a conic arc button from the flyout in the Sketcher Tools toolbar. Youare prompted to specify the first endpoint of the conic entity.

2. Specify a point on the screen. You are prompted to specify the second endpoint of theconic arc.

3. Specify the second endpoint. A centerline is drawn between the two points. Now, you areprompted to specify the shoulder point of the conic arc. Specify a point on the screen.The conic arc is drawn.

Note

If you delete the centerline of the conic arc, the arc will not be deleted.

Remember that if the conic arc is the only entity on the graphics screen, then you cannot deleteits centerline.

DIMENSIONING THE SKETCH

After you draw a sketch, the next step involves the dimensioning of the sketch. The basicpurpose of dimensioning in Pro/ENGINEER is to control the size of the sketch and to locateit with some reference. In Pro/ENGINEER, a sketch cannot be regenerated unless it is fullydimensioned and constrained. The phrase the sketch cannot be regenerated means thatthe sketch cannot be accepted by Pro/ENGINEER.

By default, the sketched entities are dimensioned and constrained automatically while

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sketching or as soon as you sketch them. However, sometimes you need toadd additional dimensions to the sketch. The Create defining dimension

button is used to manually dimension the entities. You can also choose Sketch> Dimension to display a cascaded menu as shown in Figure 1-8. The menucontains the various dimensioning options.

Note

When the Intent Manager is off, the dimensions and constraints are notautomatically applied. You need to manually add the dimensions by choosingtheDimension option from the SKETCHER menu. TheDIMENSIONsubmenu appears with various options to dimension the sketch.

Dimensioning a Sketch Using the Create defining dimension

button or the Normal Option

The Create defining dimension button or the Normal option are used for normaldimensioning of the sketch. The following steps explain the procedure to dimensiona sketch:

1. Choose the Create defining dimension button from the Sketcher Tools toolbar. Selectthe entity you want to dimension by pressing the left mouse button. The color of theentity changes from yellow to red.

2. Place the dimension at the desired place by pressing the middle mouse button. Thedimension appears in yellow color. You can modify the dimension values using themodifying options discussed later in this chapter.

The remaining options in the cascaded menu are not used much while sketching and therefore

they are discussed in Chapter 2.

DIMENSIONING THE BASIC SKETCHER ENTITIESThe procedure to dimension the sketcher entities such as lines, arcs, circles, revolvedsections, and so on is discussed next.

Linear Dimensioning a LineYou can dimension a line by selecting its endpoints or by selecting the line. After selectingthe two endpoints or the line, press the middle mouse button to place the dimension. If theline is inclined and you select the two endpoints to dimension, then the location where youpress the middle mouse button is important. The location on the graphics screen where youpress the middle mouse button to place the dimension defines the orientation of the dimensionthat is displayed on the screen.

Figure 1-9 explains the three possible orientations of dimensions that can be displayed whenyou dimension a line.

Figure 1-8Dimensioningoptions

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Note

It is not possible to dimension a line in all the three orientations at the same time in the sketcherenvironment. The dimensions in Figure 1-9 are only for explanation.

Angular Dimensioning an ArcTo add angular dimension to an arc, select both the ends of the arc by pressing the left mousebutton and then select a point on the arc. Next, place the dimension at the desired point bypressing the middle mouse button. The dimension appears as shown in Figure 1-10. You canmodify the dimension using a tool button that is discussed later.

Diameter DimensioningFor diameter dimensioning, select the entity twice by pressing the left mouse button. Thenplace the dimension at the desired place by pressing the middle mouse button. The diameterdimension appears as shown in Figure 1-11. The same diameter dimensioning technique isalso used for arcs.

Figure 1-9 Approximate locations to press the middle mouse buttonto achieve the different dimensions

Figure 1-10 Angular dimensioning technique Figure 1-11 Diameter dimensioning technique

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Radial DimensioningFor radial dimensioning, select the entity once by pressing the left mouse button. Then place

the dimension at the desired location by pressing the middle mouse button. The radialdimension appears as shown in Figure 1-12.

Dimensioning Revolved SectionsRevolved sections are used to create revolved features such as flanges, couplings, and so on.To dimension a revolved section, select the entity to be dimensioned by using the left mousebutton. Next, select the centerline about which you want the section to be revolved. Onceagain select the original entity that you want to dimension. Now, place the dimension at thedesired location by pressing the middle mouse button. The dimension appears as shown inFigure 1-13. This dimension represents the diameter of a revolved section.

WORKING WITH CONSTRAINTSIn Pro/ENGINEER, the entities in a sketch have to be fully specified in terms of size, shape,orientation, and location. This is achieved by setting constraints. Using constraints in thesketch reduces the number of dimensions in that sketch.

Constraints are the logical operations that are performed on the selected geometry to make

it more accurate in defining its position with respect to the other geometry. For example, if aline is very nearly parallel to another line, Pro/ENGINEER snaps the line parallel and displaysthe parallel constraint symbol. Now, if you confirm the line creation, the line is drawn parallelto the other line. You can also apply constraints manually.

Figure 1-12 Radial dimensioning technique Figure 1-13 Dimensioning technique forrevolved sections

Tip: You can also first select the centerline, then the entity to dimension, and thenagain the centerline to add dimension to revolved sections.

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There are two types of constraints in Pro/ENGINEER, Geometryconstraints andAssembly constraints. Here, you will learn about the

Geometry constraints and theAssembly constraints will be discussedin later chapters.

To apply constraints manually, choose the Impose sketcherconstraints on the section button from the Sketcher Toolstoolbar to display the Constraints dialog box. This dialog

box is shown in Figure 1-14.

This dialog box is used to apply constraints manually. Althoughthe constraints are applied automatically as you draw the sketch, youcan use this dialog box if you want to manually apply additionalconstraints. The constraints that are applied automatically are weakconstraints. Weak constraints appear in gray color. Weak constraints

can be made strong. This is discussed later in this chapter. The various options in theConstraints dialog box are discussed next.

Make line or two vertices verticalThis constraint forces the selected line segment to become a vertical line. Thisconstraint also forces the two vertices to be placed along a vertical line.

Make line or two vertices horizontalThis constraint forces the selected line segment or two vertices that are apart bysome distance to become horizontal or to lie in a horizontal line.

Make two entities perpendicularThis constraint forces the selected entity to become normal to another selected entity.

Make two entities tangentThis constraint forces the two selected entities to become tangent to eachother. You are prompted to select two entities that you want to make tangent to each other.

Place point on the middle of the lineThis constraint forces a selected point or vertex to lie on the middle of a line.

Create same points, points on entity or collinear constraintThis constraint performs three functions. This constraint can be used to force the

two selected points to become coincident, to constrain a point on the selected entity,and to make two selected entities collinear, so that they lie on the same line. This

constraint aligns two vertices or entities.

Figure 1-14Constraints dialog box

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Make two points or vertices symmetric about a centerlineThis constraint makes a section symmetrical about the centerline. When you select

this constraint, you are prompted to select a centerline and two vertices to makethem symmetrical.

Create Equal Lengths, Equal Radii, or Same Curvature

constraintThis constraint forces any two selected entities to become of equal dimension. Whenyou select this constraint, you are prompted to select two lines to make their lengththe same, or two arcs, circles, or ellipses to make their radii equal. You can also force

the curvature of a spline to become equal to a selected line or arc.

Make two lines parallel

This constraint is used to force two lines to become parallel. When selected, thisconstraint prompts you to select two entities that you want to make parallel. The twoselected entities become parallel to each other.

Explain OptionThe Explain option of the Constraints dialog box provides information about the constraintsthat are applied to a sketch. The constraints in the sketch are displayed as symbols. When youchoose the Explain button, you are prompted to select the constraint or dimension on whichyou want the explanation. Select the symbol using the left mouse button. The information aboutthe selected constraint is displayed in the Message Area.

Note

This option is generally helpful when you view a sketch drawn by some other person. By usingtheExplain option you can obtain information about the various constraints applied in thesketch.

Disabling the ConstraintsThe need to disable a constraint arises when you are drawing an entity. For example, if youdraw a circle at some distance apart from a circle. While drawing it, the system tends to applythe equal radius constraint when the sizes of the two circles become equal. If at this momentyou do not want to apply the equal radius constraint, right-click to disable the equal radiusconstraint. When you right-click to disable a constraint, an orange / line appears across thesymbol. To enable the constraint, right-click once again.

Converting a Weak Constraint into a Strong ConstraintAs discussed earlier, when you draw a sketch, some weak dimensions are automatically appliedto the sketch. As you proceed to complete the sketch, these dimensions are automaticallydeleted from the sketch without any confirmation.

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Select a weak dimension or a weak constraint from the graphicsscreen. The selected dimension or constraint is highlighted in

red. Press and hold the right mouse button to invoke the shortcutmenu as shown in Figure 1-15. Choose the Strong option from theshortcut menu.

You can also choose Edit> Convert To > Strong from the menubar. The color of the selected dimension is changed from gray to yellow, indicating that the selected constraint or dimension ismade permanent.

MODIFYING THE DIMENSIONS OF A

SKETCHThere are four ways to modify the dimensions of a sketch. These

methods are discussed next.

Using the Modify Dimensions Dialog BoxYou can select a dimension or more than one dimension from the sketch to modify. When youselect a dimension(s) from a sketch, it is highlighted in red. If you want to select more thanone dimension, hold down the CTRL key and select the dimensions by pressing the leftmouse button. You can also use CTRL+ALT+A or define a window to select all the dimensionsin the sketch. Choose the Modify the values of dimensions, geometry of splines, or textentities button from the Sketcher Tools toolbar to modify. The Modify Dimensions dialogbox shown in Figure 1-16 is displayed.

To modify dimensions using this dialog box, you can either enter a value in the edit box oruse the thumbwheel that is available on the right of the edit box. The Sensitivity slider isused to set the sensitivity of the thumbwheel.

Figure 1-15 Shortcutmenu to convert the weakdimensions to strong

Figure 1-16 Modify Dimensions dialog box

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By default, the Regenerate check box is selected and any modifications in the dimensionsare automatically updated in the sketch. If you want to delay the modification process of the

sketch based on the new value of the selected dimension, you need to clear this check box. Ifthis check box is cleared, the dimensions will not be modified until you exit this dialog box.This means that Pro/ENGINEER allows you to do multiple modifications before updatingthe sketch.

Note

It is recommended that you clear theRegenerate check box and then modify the dimensions ifyou have to modify more than one dimension.

The Lock Scale check box is used to lock the scale of all the selected dimensions. Afterlocking the scale, if you modify a dimension, all the other dimensions will also be modifiedwith the same scale. To lock a dimension more than one dimension should be selected.

Using the Edit MenuThe Modify option is available in the Edit menu and it can also be used to modify thedimensions. When you choose the Modify option from the Editmenu, a check mark appearsto the left of the Modify option in the Editmenu. Now, you can select a dimension from thesketch to modify. When you select a dimension, the Modify Dimensions dialog box is displayed.By default, the Regenerate check box is selected. Therefore, the sketch will be regenerateddynamically as you modify the dimension. Note that you can modify only a single dimensionusing this option.

Modifying a dimension by double-clicking You can also modify a dimension by double-clicking on it. When you double-click on adimension, the pop-up text field appears. Enter a new dimension value in this field and press

ENTER or use the middle mouse button. Remember that you can select a dimension onlywhen you choose Select items button from the Right Toolchest.

Modifying dimensions dynamicallyIn the sketcher environment, Pro/ENGINEER is always in the selection mode, unless youhave invoked some other tool. When you bring the cursor to an entity, the color of the entitychanges to cyan. Now, if you hold down the left mouse button, a hand appears on the entityand you can modify the entity by dragging the mouse. You will notice that as the entity ismodified, the dimensions referenced to the selected entity are also modified.

RESOLVE SKETCH DIALOG BOXWhile applying constraints or dimensions, the system may sometimes prompt you to deleteone or more highlighted dimensions or constraints. This is because while adding dimensionsor constraints some strong dimensions or constraints conflict with the added dimensionsor constraints. As soon as the conflict occurs the Resolve Sketch dialog box is displayed asshown in Figure 1-17 and the constraint or the dimension under conflict is displayed inorange color.On the graphics screen, when you select a dimension or constraint from theResolve Sketch dialog box, the dimension or constraint selected is enclosed in a yellow box.

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Figure 1-18 Trimming the lines

TRIMMING THE SKETCHER ENTITIESWhen creating a design, there are a number of places where you need to remove the unwantedand extended entities. You can do this by choosing the tool buttons available for trimming.These tool buttons are available in the Sketcher Tools toolbar. You can trim entities usingthree tools. These tools are discussed next.

Dynamically trim section entities buttonThis tool button deletes the selected entities. After choosing the Dynamically trimsection entities button, when you move the cursor over an entity, the entity ishighlighted in cyan color. Press the left mouse button to trim the entity. This tool

button also trims entities that extend beyond the required point of intersection.

Trim entities (cut or extend) to other entities or geometry

buttonThe Trim entities (cut or extend) to other entities or geometry button is used totrim two entities at their corners. Note that when you trim entities using this option,the portion from where you select the entities is retained and the other portion is

trimmed. The following steps explain the procedure to trim entities using this tool button:

1. Choose the black arrow on the right ofthe Dynamically trim section entitiesbutton to display the flyout. From thisflyout, choose the Trim entities (cut orextend) to other entities or geometrybutton. You are prompted to select twoentities to be trimmed.

2. Using the left mouse button, select thetwo entities on the sides you want to keepafter trimming, see Figure 1-18. Thesetwo entities must be intersecting entities.The entities are trimmed from the pointof intersection.

DivideThe Divide an entity at the point of selection button is used to divide an entity intoany number of parts or entities by specifying the points on the entity.

This button is available on the flyout that is displayed when you choose the black arrow thatis on the right side of the Dynamically trim section entities button.

The following steps explain the procedure to divide an entity:

1. Choose Divide an entity at the point of selection button from the flyout. You are promptedto select an entity to be divided.

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2. Press the left mouse button to select the entity at the point where you want to divide it.The entity is divided into two different entities. They can now be treated as two

separate entities.

3. Repeat step 2 until you have divided the entities in the required number of parts.

MIRRORING THE SKETCHER ENTITIESThe Mirror selected entities button is used to mirror sketched geometries about acenterline. This tool button helps to reduce the time consumed for creation ofsymmetrical geometries and the process of dimensioning the symmetrical entities.

The following steps explain the procedure to mirror a sketched geometry:

1. Sketch a geometry using the tool buttons. Sketch a centerline about which you need to

mirror the geometry.

2. Select the entities that you need to mirror. The selected entities turn red in color.

3. Choose the Mirror selected entities button from the Sketcher Tools toolbar. You areprompted to select the centerline about which you need to mirror. Select the centerlineusing the left mouse button. The selected entities are mirrored about the centerline.

DRAWING DISPLAY OPTIONSWhile working with complex sketches, you need to increase the display of a particular portionof a sketch so that you can work on the minute details of the sketch. For example, if you aredrawing a sketch of a piston, you have to work on the minute details of the grooves for thepiston rings. To work on these minute details, you have to enlarge the display of these grooves.You can enlarge or reduce the drawing display using the various drawing display optionsprovided in Pro/ENGINEER. Some of these drawing display options are discussed next. Theremaining drawing display options will be discussed in later chapters.

Zoom InThis option enlarges the view of the drawing on the screen. When you choose theZoom In button, you will be prompted to define a box. The area that you will encloseinside the box will be enlarged and displayed on the graphics screen. Note that when

you enlarge the view of the drawing, the original size of the entities is not changed. To exitthe zoom tool right-click in the graphics screen.

Zoom OutThis option reduces the view of the drawing on the screen, thus increasing the drawingdisplay area. Choose this button once to zoom out. The display of the sketch on the

Tip:In case of symmetrical parts, you can save the time involved in dimensioningthe sketch by dimensioning half of the section and then mirroring it. Pro/ENGINEERwill assume that the mirrored half has the same dimensions as the sketched half.

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Tutorial 1

graphics screen is reduced by some factor.

Refit object to fully display it on the screenThis option reduces or enlarges the display such that the entities that comprise thesketch are fitted inside the current display. Note that the dimensions may notnecessarily be included in the current display.

Redraw the current view While working with complex sketches, some unwanted temporary information isretained on the screen. The unwanted information include the shadows of the deletedsketched entities, dimensions, and so on. This unwanted information can be removed

from the graphics screen using the Redraw the current view button. This option will beextensively used while designing in Pro/ENGINEER.

NoteTo remove the temporary information you can also choose View > Repaint from the menu bar.You can also use the shortcut keys to repaint the screen. The shortcut is CTRL+R.

If you have a mouse that has a middle mouse button wheel, then scrolling the wheel will zoomin and out.

One more way to zoom in and out is to use the middle mouse button and the CTRL key. Whenyou use CTRL+middle mouse button and drag the mouse upwards the sketch is zoomed outand when you drag the mouse down, the sketch is zoomed in.

To pan the sketch, use SHIFT+middle mouse button.

TUTORIALS

In this tutorial, you will draw the sketch for the model shown in Figure 1-19. The sketch isshown in Figure 1-20. (Expected time: 30 min)

The following steps outline the procedure to create this sketch:

a. Start Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire session.

b. Set the working directory and create a new object file.

c. Draw lines using the tool buttons.

d. Draw an arc and a circle.

e. Dimension the sketch and then modify the dimensions of the sketch.

f. Save the sketch.

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Starting Pro/ENGINEER1. Start Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire by double-clicking on the Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire icon

on the desktop of your computer or by using the Startmenu.

Setting the Working DirectoryWhen the Pro/ENGINEER session is started, the first task is to set the working directory. Aworking directory is a directory on your system where you can save the work done in thecurrent session of Pro/ENGINEER. You can set any directory existing on your system as theworking directory. Since this is the first tutorial of this chapter, you need to create a foldernamed c01, if it does not exist.

1. Choose the Set Working Directory option from the File menu. The Select WorkingDirectory dialog box is displayed as shown in Figure 1-21.

2. Browse and select C:\ProE-WF. It is assumed that the ProE-WF folder exists.

3. Choose the New Directory button in the Select Working Directory dialog box. TheNew Directory dialog box is displayed.

4. Type c01 in the New Directory edit box. Choose OK from the dialog box. You havecreated a folder named c01 in C:\ProE-WF.

5. Choose OKfrom the Select Working Directory dialog box. You have set the workingdirectory to C:\ProE-WF\c01. A message is displayed in the Message Area that the directory

successfully changed to C:\ProE-WF\c01 directory.

Creating New Object FileAny sketch drawn in the Sketch mode is saved with the .sec file extension. This file format isone of the file formats available in Pro/ENGINEER.

Figure 1-20 Sketch of the modelFigure 1-19 Model for Tutorial 1

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1. Choose the Create a new objectbutton from the File toolbar. The New dialogbox is displayed. Select the Sketch radio button from the Type area of the Newdialog box. A default name of the sketch appears in the Name edit box.

2. Enter c01tut1 in the Name edit box. Choose the OKbutton.

You are in the sketcher environment of the Sketch mode. When you enter the sketcherenvironment, the Navigator is displayed to the left on the graphics screen.

3. Slide in the navigator by clicking on the sash present on its right edge. Now, the drawingarea is increased.

Drawing the Lines of the SketchStart drawing the sketch with the right vertical line.

1. Choose the Create 2 point lines button from the Sketcher Tools toolbar.

2. Specify the start point to the right on graphics screen by pressing the left mouse button.

Figure 1-21 Select Working Directorydialog box

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One end of the line is attached to the cursor. Move the cursor down to get an approximatesize of the line.

Notice that when the cursor is moved vertically downwards, a red colored constraintnamedVappears on the graphics screen next to the line. This shows that if you draw aline now, the vertical constraint will be applied to the line.

3. Press the left mouse button to specify the endpoint of the line. The vertical constraintVis applied to the line and the symbol Vappears in yellow. The color of the constraintindicates that this constraint is strong. This means that you cannot change the orientationof this line until you delete the constraint that is applied on the line.

Another rubber-band line is attached to the cursor with the start point as the endpoint ofthe last line.

4. Move the cursor horizontally toward the left; a horizontal rubber-band line extends tothe left as you move the mouse.

5. After you get the desired size of the line, press the left mouse button to end the line.Notice that a horizontal constraint named H that is yellow in color is applied to the line.

6. Move the cursor upwards on the graphics screen. A vertical rubber-band line extends asyou move the mouse. As you move the cursor upwards, notice that at a particular pointwhere the length of the left vertical line is equal to the length of the right vertical line, L

1

symbol is displayed on both the vertical lines. This symbol suggests that the equal lengthconstraint is applied to the two vertical lines.

7. When the L1

constraint appears on the vertical line, press the left mouse button to specifythe endpoint of the vertical line. Notice that the L

1constraint is displayed in gray color

as shown in Figure 1-22. This suggests that it is a weak constraint. The rubber-band lineis still attached to the cursor.

You can also apply the constraints later. But to save an extra step of adding the constraints,you will use the constraints that are applied automatically while drawing.

8. Move the cursor to size the line and specify the endpoint of the left inclined line, seeFigure 1-22.

9. Press the middle mouse button to end line creation. You will notice that gray coloreddimensions are applied to the sketch, see Figure 1-22. The color of these dimensions

indicates that these dimensions are weak dimensions. These dimensions are automaticallydeleted anytime while you are completing the sketch or when you are adding dimensionsand constraints manually. When system deletes weak dimensions, it does not confirmtheir deletion.

10. The line option is still active. Move the cursor close to the top end of the right verticalline. You will notice that as you bring the cursor close to the top end, the cursor snaps to

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that point. Select the point by pressing the left mouse button.

11. Size the inclined line and specify the endpoint of the right inclined line. Press the middlemouse button to end line creation.

Figure 1-23 shows all the lines that you have drawn. Now, the arc and circle will be drawn.

Drawing the Arc1. Choose the Create an arc by 3 points or tangent to an entity at its endpoint

button from the Sketcher Tools toolbar. You are prompted to select the startpoint of the arc.

2. Select the endpoint of the left inclined line by pressing the left mouse button. The Targetsymbol appears in green color.

3. Move the cursor along the tangent direction through a small distance. A rubber-band arcthat is tangent to the endpoint of the line appears. As you move the cursor to the endpointof the right inclined line, at a particular point the tangent constraint is applied at boththe ends of the arc. This is evident by the symbol T that appears on the endpoints of theright inclined line.

4. As the tangent constraint appears, use the left mouse button to end arc creation. You willnotice that the tangent constraint with a symbol T appears at the endpoints of the arc asevident from Figure 1-24. Press the middle mouse button to end arc creation.

The tangent constraint Twill appear in yellow, which suggests that it is a strong constraintand the tangency of the inclined line with the arc cannot be modified until you delete thetangent constraint.

Note that in Figure 1-23 there are some weak dimensions that are not displayed inFigure 1-24. This is because the weak dimensions are deleted without confirming their

Figure 1-22 Lines with weak dimensions Figure 1-23 Partial sketch with weak dimensions

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deletion. Hence, after drawing the arc some weak dimensions got deleted automatically.

NoteIf the tangent constraint symbol is not displayed on any of the inclined lines, apply the constraintmanually using the Constraints dialog box that is displayed when you choose the Imposesketcher constraints on the section button from the Sketcher Tools toolbar.

Drawing the Circle1. Choose the black arrow on the right of the Create circle by picking the center

and a point on the circle button to display the flyout. From this flyout, choosethe Create concentric circle button. You are prompted to select an arc.

2. Select the arc by pressing the left mouse button. Move the mouse and a circle appears.

3. By pressing the left mouse button, select a point inside the sketch to draw the circle.

4. Press the middle mouse button to end circle creation. The sketch is complete and appearssimilar to that shown in Figure 1-25.

Dimensioning the SketchThe right vertical line, the bottom horizontal line, the arc, and the circle are dimensionedautomatically and weak dimensions are applied to them. You will use these dimensions. Hence,there is no need to dimension these entities again.

1. Choose the Create defining dimension button from the Sketcher Tools toolbar.

2. Select the center of the circle and then select the bottom horizontal line by pressing theleft mouse button. Both, the center and the line turn red in color.

3. Place the dimension on the right of the sketch by pressing the left mouse button.

Figure 1-25 Sketch with all the entities, weakdimensions, and weak constraints

Figure 1-24 Sketch with arc

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4. Select the center of the circle and then select the left vertical line by pressing the leftmouse button. Both the center and the vertical line turn red in color.

5. Press the middle mouse button to place the dimension below the sketch, refer toFigure 1-26.

Modifying the DimensionsThe sketch is dimensioned with default values. You need to modify these values to the givenvalues.

1. Choose the Select items button.

2. Select all the dimensions by defining a window.

Note

You can also use CTRL+ALT+A to select the whole sketch with dimensions.

3. When all the dimensions turn red in color, choose the Modify the valuesof dimensions, geometry of splines, or text entities button. The ModifyDimensions dialog box is displayed.

All the dimensions in the sketch are displayed in this dialog box and each dimension hasa separate thumbwheel and an edit box. You can use the thumbwheel or the edit box tomodify the dimensions. It is recommended that you use the edit boxes to modify thedimensions if the change in the dimension value is large.

4. Clear the Regenerate check box and then modify the values of the dimensions.

When you clear this check box, any modification in a dimension value does not updatethe sketch. It is recommended that you clear the Regenerate check box when more thanone dimension has to be modified.

Notice that the dimension you select in the Modify Dimensions dialog box gets enclosedin a yellow box on the graphics screen.

5. Modify all the dimensions as shown in Figure 1-26. After modifying all the dimensions,choose the Regenerate the section and close the dialog button from the ModifyDimensions dialog box. A message Dimension modifications successfully completedis displayed in the Message Area.

The sketch is complete and is shown in Figure 1-26.

Saving the SketchThe sketch will now be saved. You have to save the sketch because you may need the sketchlater in the Part mode in order to create a 3D model.

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1. Choose the Save the active objectbutton from the File toolbar. The MessageInput Window is displayed with the name of the sketch that you had enteredearlier.

2. Press ENTER. The sketch is saved.

3. After saving the sketch, choose the Continue with the current section button toexit the sketch.

In this tutorial, you will draw the sketch for the model shown in Figure 1-27. The sketch isshown in Figure 1-28. For your reference, all the entities in the sketch are labeled alphabetically.

(Expected time: 30 min)

The following steps outline the procedure for creating this sketch:

a. Create a new object file.

b. Draw the sketch using the tool button for creating lines.

c. Dimension the required entities and then modify the dimensions of the sketch.

d. Save the sketch.

Tutorial 2

Figure 1-26 Sketch with dimensions and constraints for Tutorial 1

Tip: You can modify the location of the dimensions as they appear on the screen byselecting and dragging them to a new location..

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Setting the Working DirectoryThe working directory was selected in Tutorial 1, and therefore there is no need to select theworking directory again. But if you still want to select the working directory, follow the stepsgiven next.

1. Open the navigator by clicking the top arrows on the left edge of the Pro/ENGINEERmain window. The navigator slides out.

2. Click on the plus symbol adjacent to theProE-WFfolder in the navigator. The contents oftheProE-WFfolder are displayed.

3. Now right-click on the c01 folder to display a shortcut menu. From this shortcut menu,

choose the Make Working Directory option. The working directory is set to c01.

4. Close the Navigator by clicking sash on the right edge of the navigator. The Navigatorslides in.

Creating New Object File1. Choose the Create a new objectbutton from the File toolbar. The New dialog

box is displayed. Select the Sketch radio button from the Type area of the Newdialog box. A default name of the sketch appears in the Name edit box.

2. Enter c01tut2 in the Name edit box and choose OK. You are in the sketcher environmentof the Sketch mode.

Drawing the SketchThe sketch consists of only lines. For ease of understanding, all the lines in the sketch arelabelled alphabetically.

1. Choose the Create 2 point lines button from the Sketcher Tools toolbar. Select apoint close to the lower right corner of the graphics screen by pressing the left


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mouse button and start drawing the horizontal line A. Here, you will notice that as you drawline A, the H symbol is displayed on the line. This shows that the line is horizontally

constrained. Move the cursor toward the left and specify the endpoint of the line.

2. Move the cursor vertically upwards so that theVconstraint appears on the line. Whenyou get the appropriate size of the line, press the left mouse button to specify the endpointof line B. Line B is completed.

3. Move the cursor to the right on the graphics screen and press the left mouse button tospecify the endpoint of line C.

4. Now, to draw line D, move the cursor down and press the left mouse button to specify theendpoint of line D.

5. Line E to be drawn is inclined. Move the cursor to size the line and press the left mouse

button to specify the endpoint of line E.

6. The next line you need to draw is line F. Move the cursor vertically downwards and pressthe left mouse button to specify the endpoint of line F.

7. Now, to draw line G, move the cursor horizontally and press the left mouse button tospecify the endpoint of line G.

8. Move the cursor vertically upwards and press the left mouse button to specify the endpointof line H.

9. Now, continue drawing the remaining lines that are shown in Figure 1-29. When thesketch is completed, end line creation by pressing the middle mouse button. Notice thatthe sketched entities are dimensioned automatically as you draw them. These dimensionsare weak dimensions and appear in gray color.

Applying the Constraints to the SketchConstraints are applied to the sketch to maintain the design intent of the feature and thismight sometimes result in less dimensions in the sketch.

1. Choose the Impose sketcher constraints on the section button from the SketcherTools toolbar. The Constraints dialog box is displayed.

2. Choose the Create Equal Lengths, Equal Radii, orSame Curvatureconstraintbutton and select lines F and H. The equal length constraint L

2is applied to both

the lines. The constraint labels such as L2 or L3 vary from sketch to sketch.

3. Select lines C and K. The equal length constraint is applied to both the lines.

4. Now, select lines J and N. The equal length constraint is applied to both the lines.

5. Select lines A and B. The equal length constraint is applied to both the lines.

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6. Choose the Make line or two vertices horizontal button from the Constraintsdialog box. You are prompted to select a line or two vertices.

7. Select the vertex that is joining lines L and M and the vertex that is joining lines G andH. Both the vertices are aligned horizontally as shown in Figure 1-29.

Dimensioning the SketchWeak dimensions are already applied to the sketch while drawing. You need to dimensiononly the angle between lines D and E and lines J and I.

1. Choose the Create defining dimension button.

2. Select lines D and E using the left mouse button. The selected lines turn red in color.Now, press the middle mouse button to place the dimension close to the vertex wherelines D and E join.

3. Similarly, dimension the angle between lines J and I.

Figure 1-30 shows the sketch after applying dimensions. If your sketch does not have allthe dimensions shown in Figure 1-30, apply them using the Create defining dimensionbutton.

Modifying the DimensionsThe dimensions that are applied to the sketch need modification in dimension values.

1. Choose the Select items button.


3. When all the dimensions turn red in color, choose the Modify the values ofdimensions, geometry of splines, or text entities button. The Modify

Figure 1-30 Sketch after dimensioningFigure 1-29 Sketch with weak dimensions and weakconstraints

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Dimensions dialog box is displayed.

4. Clear the Regenerate check box and then modify the values of the dimensions. Whenyou clear this check box, the sketch is not regenerated while you modify the dimensions.

Notice that the dimension you select in the Modify Dimensions dialog box is enclosedin a yellow box on the graphics screen.

5. When all the dimensions are modified, choose the Regenerate the section and close thedialog button from the Modify Dimensions dialog box. A message Dimensionmodifications successfully completed is displayed in the Message Area.

The completed sketch is shown in Figure 1-31.

6. Save the sketch as discussed earlier. After saving the sketch, choose the Continuewith the current section button to exit the Sketch mode.

Note

You can also modify dimensions individually. But, individual modification of dimensions isrecommended only when either there is a minor change in the dimension value or when only onedimension is required to be modified.

In this tutorial, you will draw the sketch for the model shown in Figure 1-32. The sketch isshown in Figure 1-33. For your reference, all the entities in the sketch are labeled alphabetically.

(Expected time: 30 min)

The following steps outline the procedure for creating this sketch:

Figure 1-31 Complete sketch with dimensions and constraints

Tutorial 3

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a. Set the working directory and create a new object file.

b. Draw the sketch using the tool buttons.

c. Dimension the sketch and then modify the dimensions of the sketch.

d. Save the sketch.

Setting the Working DirectoryThe working directory was selected in Tutorial 1, and therefore there is no need to select theworking directory again. But if you still want to select the working directory, follow the steps

given next.

1. Open the Navigator by sliding it out. Click on the plus symbol adjacent to theProE-WFfolder in the Navigator. The contents of theProE-WFfolder are displayed.

2. Now right-click on the c01 folder to display a shortcut menu. From this shortcut menu,choose the Make Working Directory option. The working directory is set to c01. Closethe Navigator.

Creating New Object File1. Choose the Create a new objectbutton from the File toolbar. The New dialog

box is displayed. Select the Sketch radio button from the Type area of the Newdialog box. A default name of the sketch appears in the Name edit box.

2. Enter c01tut3 in the Name edit box. Choose the OKbutton.You will enter the sketcherenvironment of the Sketch mode.

Drawing the Circles1. Choose Create circle by picking the center and a point on the circle button


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1. Choose the Dynamically trim section entities button from the Sketcher Toolstoolbar.

2. Select the two circles individually to trim them at the locations shown in Figure 1-36.

Figure 1-37 shows the two circles after deleting the unwanted portion of the circle.

Drawing the Circles1. Choose the black arrow on the right of the Create circle by picking the center

and a point on the circle button to display the flyout. From this flyout, choosethe Create concentric circle button. You are prompted to select an arc.

2. Select arc P and create circle X concentric to the arc. Similarly, select arc Q to create a

concentric circle Y.

Notice that the two arcs are applied radius dimension whereas the circles are applieddiameter dimension. This is because by default, the arcs are applied radius dimensionand circles are applied diameter dimension.

Dimensioning the SketchIn order to fully define a sketch it should be dimensioned.

1. Choose the Create defining dimension button.

2. Select the centers of the two circles and place the dimension at the bottom of the sketch.

Modifying the Dimensions1. Choose the Select items button.


Figure 1-37 Sketch after trimmingFigure 1-36 Locations to trim

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Note

You can also use CTRL+ALT+A from the keyboard to select all the entities and items in the

sketch.

3. When all the dimensions turn red in color, choose the Modify the values ofdimensions, geometry of splines, or text entities button. The ModifyDimensions dialog box is displayed.

4. Clear the Regenerate check box and then modify the values of the dimensions.

You will notice that the dimension you edit in the Modify Dimensions dialog box isenclosed by a yellow box on the graphics screen.

5. When all the dimensions are modified, choose the Regenerate the section and close thedialog button from the Modify Dimensions dialog box. A message Dimension

modifications successfully completed is displayed in the Message Area.

The sketch is completed and is shown in Figure 1-38.

6. Save the sketch as discussed earlier. After saving the sketch, choose the Continuewith the current section button to exit the Sketch mode.

Answer the following questions and then compare your answers to the answers given atthe end of this chapter.

1. Dimensions and constraints are automatically applied to a sketch when you draw it. (T/F)

Figure 1-38 Sketch with dimensions and constraints

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Review Questions

2. While working in the Sketch mode of Pro/ENGINEER, the sketch need not be a closedloop for successful regeneration. (T/F)

3. If the Intent Manager is on and you draw a line, the cursor snaps to the endpoint of theprevious line. (T/F)

4. You can convert a weak constraint to strong by using the shortcut menu that is displayedwhen you right-click on the weak constraint. (T/F)

5. While drawing a circle, first you need to specify the diameter of the circle it. (T/F)

6. The __________ menu in the menu bar has the Modify option in it.

7. __________ can be modified to modify the shape of the sketch.

8. Intent Manager is __________ by default when you enter the Sketch mode.

9. For the Sketch mode the symbolic dimension is represented by __________ symbol.

10. The Sketch mode file is saved as a __________ file extension.

Answer the following questions:

1. What is the need of Sketchmode in Pro/ENGINEER?

2. What are the four basic steps to create a sketch?

3. What are the various types of lines you can sketch using the tool buttons available in theSketcher Tools toolbar?

4. Why is it important to select the working directory before creating a new file?

5. Write all the steps involved in creating a sketch that is accepted by Pro/ENGINEER.

6. You can dynamically modify the geometry of a sketch. (T/F)

7. You can use the Create rectangle button from the Sketcher Tools toolbar to draw asquare. (T/F)

8. The ___________ button is used to exit the sketcher environment. (T/F)

9. You cannot undo a previous operation in the sketcher environment. (T/F)

10. You can also use the options to draw a sketch from the Sketch menu in the menu bar.(T/F)

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Exercises

Exercise 1

Exercise 3

Exercise 2

Figure 1-40 Sketch of the modelFigure 1-39 Solid model for Exercise 1


In this exercise, you will draw the sketch for the model shown in Figure 1-39. The sketch isshown in Figure 1-40. (Expected time: 30 min)



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Exercise 4




Answers to Self-Evaluation Test

1 - T, 2 -T, 3 - T, 4 - T, 5 - F, 6 - Edit, 7 - Dimensions, 8 - on, 9 - sd, 10 - .sec

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