mla university of alaska southeast’s humanities and english classes use mla (modern language...
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MLAMLA
University of Alaska Southeast’s humanities and English classes use
MLA (Modern Language Association) format for formatting essays and
research papers.
Where Do You Find MLA?Where Do You Find MLA?
A Writer’s ReferenceA Writer’s Reference – the Diana Hacker – the Diana Hacker English handbookEnglish handbook
The Diana Hacker website – The Diana Hacker website – www.dianahacker.comwww.dianahacker.com
The St. Martin handbookThe St. Martin handbook Writing textbooksWriting textbooks OWL website: OWL website: owl.english.purdue.eduowl.english.purdue.edu Google “MLA format”Google “MLA format”
WHY do you want MLA?WHY do you want MLA?
Document your sources for credibility Document your sources for credibility and referenceand reference
Protect yourself from plagiarismProtect yourself from plagiarism Format your essays consistentlyFormat your essays consistently Integrate quotations coherentlyIntegrate quotations coherently
WHY should you cite sources?WHY should you cite sources?
WHY should you cite sources?WHY should you cite sources?
To be fair & ethicalTo be fair & ethical
WHY should you cite sources?WHY should you cite sources?
To be fair & ethicalTo be fair & ethicalTo give your writing credibilityTo give your writing credibility
WHY should you cite sources?WHY should you cite sources?
To be fair & ethicalTo be fair & ethicalTo give your writing credibilityTo give your writing credibilityTo guide readers toward more To guide readers toward more
information on a topicinformation on a topic
WHY should you cite sources?WHY should you cite sources?
To be fair & ethicalTo be fair & ethicalTo give your writing credibilityTo give your writing credibilityTo guide readers toward more To guide readers toward more
information on a topicinformation on a topicTo avoid plagiarism problemsTo avoid plagiarism problems
What is plagiarism?What is plagiarism?
Failure to cite quotationsFailure to cite quotations Failure to enclose borrowed language in Failure to enclose borrowed language in
quotation marksquotation marks Failure to put summaries and paraphrases Failure to put summaries and paraphrases
in your own wordsin your own words Failure to give authors credit for their ideasFailure to give authors credit for their ideas
(Hacker 331)
What does NOT need to be cited?What does NOT need to be cited?
COMMON
KNOWLEDGEIf you knew the information well enough that you didn’t have to
look it up, you probably don’t need to cite a source for it.
No need to cite Common No need to cite Common Knowledge…Knowledge…
The Civil War started in 1861.The Civil War started in 1861. Elephants can’t jump well.Elephants can’t jump well. College freshmen have a high drop-out College freshmen have a high drop-out
rate.rate. Alaska is the largest state in the United Alaska is the largest state in the United
States.States.
What should be Cited?What should be Cited?
Direct quotationsDirect quotations
(Hacker 331)
Cite Direct QuotationsCite Direct Quotations
Martin Luther King Jr. made a strong point when he said, “It may be true that a law cannot make a man love me, but it can stop him from lynching me, and I think that’s pretty important” (King 142).
What should be Cited?What should be Cited?
Direct quotationsDirect quotations Borrowed ideasBorrowed ideas
(Hacker 331)
Cite Borrowed IdeasCite Borrowed Ideas
ORIGINAL – “When searching for a college campus with your teen, a parent needs to be aware of more than education when choosing a school. Parents need to be concerned about issues of alcohol use “ (Break Point 3).
PARAPHRASE – Parents of teenagers should consider alcohol issues when they help their child look for appropriate colleges (Break Point 3).
What should be Cited?What should be Cited?
Direct quotationsDirect quotations Borrowed ideasBorrowed ideas Summaries and paraphrasesSummaries and paraphrases
(Hacker 331)
Cite Summaries and ParaphrasesCite Summaries and ParaphrasesORIGINAL – “What are Zero Tolerance Laws? It simply means that it is illegal for persons under the age of 21 to purchase and publicly possess alcoholic beverages. A zero tolerance makes it illegal for persons under the age of 21 to drive with any measurable amount of alcohol in their blood. The BAC levels vary throughout the States. They range from .00-.02 for drivers under 21. Illinois law is among the strictest in the States at .00 BAC. If any alcohol is detected in the blood stream the driver will be issued a traffic infraction including a fine and the revocation of their drivers license” (Break Point 3).
SUMMARY – Because of recent Zero Tolerance Laws, it is illegal for anyone under the age of 21 to possess alcohol or to drive under the influence with BAC levels as low as .00 BAC (Break Point 3).
What should be Cited?What should be Cited?
Direct quotationsDirect quotations Borrowed ideasBorrowed ideas Summaries and paraphrasesSummaries and paraphrases Statistics and other specific factsStatistics and other specific facts
(Hacker 331)
Cite Statistics and FactsCite Statistics and Facts
“More 18 year olds died in lower BAC (between .01 and .09) alcohol-related crashes than any other age” (Break Point 3).
What should be Cited?What should be Cited?
Direct quotationsDirect quotations Borrowed ideasBorrowed ideas Summaries and paraphrasesSummaries and paraphrases Statistics and other specific factsStatistics and other specific facts Visuals such as cartoons, graphs, or Visuals such as cartoons, graphs, or
diagramsdiagrams
(Hacker 331)
Cite Cartoons, Graphs, & DiagramsCite Cartoons, Graphs, & Diagrams
Fig. 1. Wisconsin Department of Transportation, “Drunk Driving Accidents, Fatalities and Injuries” 2002.
What should be Cited?What should be Cited?
Direct quotationsDirect quotations Borrowed ideasBorrowed ideas Summaries and paraphrasesSummaries and paraphrases Statistics and other specific factsStatistics and other specific facts Visuals such as cartoons, graphs, or Visuals such as cartoons, graphs, or
diagramsdiagrams Anything the reader might question – this Anything the reader might question – this
can vary depending on the readercan vary depending on the reader
The Works Cited Page
Has a
VERY SPECIFIC
FORMAT
Works Cited Page:Works Cited Page:
Lists EVERY source that you make Lists EVERY source that you make reference to in your essayreference to in your essay
Is always a separate pageIs always a separate page Is alphabetized by first wordIs alphabetized by first word Uses reverse indentationUses reverse indentation Is double spaced throughoutIs double spaced throughout
Work Cited = 1 item / Works Cited = 1+Work Cited = 1 item / Works Cited = 1+
Works Cited
Besthoff, Len. “Cell Phone Use Increases Risk of Accidents.” WRAL Online.
11 Nov. 1999. 12 Jan. 2001 <http://www.wral/
tv.com/news/wral/1999-talk driving/>.
Haughney, Christine. “Taking Phones out of Drivers’ Hands.” Washington
Post 5 Nov. 2000: A8.
Lowe, Chan. Cartoon. Washington Post 22 July 2000: A21.
Redeimeier, Donald A., and Robert J. Tibshirani. “Association between
Cellular-Telephone Calls and Motor Vehicle Collisions.” New England
Journal of Medicine 336 (1997): 453-458.
(Hacker 377)
Smith 17
Basic Book FormatBasic Book Format
Forrest, Samuel K. MLK - a Contemporary Legend. Seattle:
Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich, 1978. 122.
Basic Book FormatBasic Book Format
Forrest, Samuel K. MLK - a Contemporary Legend. Seattle:
Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich, 1978. 122. Reverse
indentationPeriod after most items
Underline
Book title
Author last name first City closest to
you
NO p. or pg. for page number!
Website CitationWebsite Citation
"Drunk Driving Crashes, Fatalities, and Injuries." Safety and Consumer
Protection. 02 Mar. 2005. Wisconsin Department of Transportation. 4
Apr. 2006 </www.dot.wisconsin.gov/safety/motorist/
drunkdriving/crash.htm>.
Title of article, no author available Name of website
Date accessed
Date Written
Web address
May be required by your instructor
Only break at backslash
Works Cited
Besthoff, Len. “Cell Phone Use Increases Risk of Accidents.” WRAL Online.
11 Nov. 1999. 12 Jan. 2001 <http://www.wral-tv.com/news/
wral/1999-talk driving/>.
Haughney, Christine. “Taking Phones out of Drivers’ Hands.” Washington
Post 5 Nov. 2000: A8.
Lowe, Chan. Cartoon. Washington Post 22 July 2000: A21.
Redeimeier, Donald A., and Robert J. Tibshirani. “Association between
Cellular-Telephone Calls and Motor Vehicle Collisions.” New England
Journal of Medicine 336 (1997): 453-458.
Double spaced
throughout
Alphabatized
Period at end of every entry
Two authors(Hacker 377)