medical focus cva

8/18/2019 Medical Focus CVA

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Medical Focus: Cerebrovascular

accident

Explaining the effect

of Stroke

BY: Septi Dewi Rachmawati


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Students will be able to:Discuss about CV ! explaining the

effect of Stroke

Enhance Reading" #istening !Speaking skills

#earning $b%ecti&es


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Discuss about CVA

Read the article #istening

'ocusing on thewords" meaning

(&ocabular)"pronunciation"grammar" fluenc)*


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Read the article: Stroke or CVA

Definition and Classification of Stroke

A stroke, sometimes referred to as a cerebrovascular accident is acondition in which the brain cells suddenly die or damage because of a

lack of oxygen and nutrients. A stroke is caused by the interruption of

the blood supply to the brain, usually because a blood vessel bursts or

is blocked by a clot. This cuts off the supply of oxygen and nutrients,

causing damage to the brain tissue.

The two main types of stroke include ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic

stroke.


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+schemic stroke

Ischemic stroke accounts for about 87 percent of all strokes and occurs

when a blood clot, or thrombus, forms that blocks blood flow to part of

the brain. If a blood clot forms somewhere in the body and breaks off to

become freefloating, it is called an embolus. This wandering clot may

be carried through the bloodstream to the brain where it can cause

ischemic stroke.

,emorrhagic stroke

A hemorrhagic stroke occurs when a blood vessel on the brain!s

surface ruptures and fills the space between the brain and skull with

blood "subarachnoid hemorrhage# or when a defective artery in the

brain bursts and fills the surrounding tissue with blood "cerebral

hemorrhage#.

$oth types of stroke result in a lack of blood flow to the brain and a

buildup of blood that puts too much pressure on the brain.


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Risk factors of stroke

%isk factors for stroke include the following&

Age as you get older your risk increases.

$eing male

A family history of stroke

'igh blood pressure

'igh cholesterol

(moking cigarettes

)iabetes *besity and overweight

A previous stroke or transient ischemic attack "TIA#

)ivorced men have a higher risk of stroke

http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/159283.phphttp://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/9152.phphttp://www.medicalnewstoday.com/info/diabetes/http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/info/obesity/how-much-should-i-weigh.phphttp://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/164038.phphttp://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/250234.phphttp://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/250234.phphttp://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/250234.phphttp://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/250234.phphttp://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/164038.phphttp://www.medicalnewstoday.com/info/obesity/how-much-should-i-weigh.phphttp://www.medicalnewstoday.com/info/diabetes/http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/9152.phphttp://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/159283.phphttp://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/159283.php


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Clinical manifestation of stroke

The most common symptom of a stroke is sudden weakness or

numbness of the face, arm or leg, most often on one side of the body.

*ther symptoms include& confusion, difficulty speaking or

understanding speech+ difficulty seeing with one or both eyes+ difficultywalking, diiness, loss of balance or coordination+ severe headache

with no known cause+ fainting or unconsciousness.

The effects of a stroke depend on which part of the brain is in-ured and

how severely it is affected. A very severe stroke can cause sudden

death.


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-reatment of Stroke

The primary goal in treating ischemic stroke is to restore blood flow tothe brain. This will be attempted using a blood clotbusting drug called

tissue plasminogen activator "tA#. A health professional will in-ect tA

into the patient!s arm. If for some reason the patient can!t receive the

tA then an antiplatelet medicine will be used instead.

In addition, surgical procedures may be performed that can open up or

widen arteries. These include carotid endarterectomy "removal of

pla/ue and widening of the carotid artery# and angioplasty "a balloon

that widens the carotid artery and is held open with a metallic mesh

tube called a stent#.


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,emorrhagic stroke is treated differentl) than ischemic stroke.(urgical methods used to treat this stroke variant include aneurysm

clipping, aneurysm embolisation, and arteriovenous malformation

"A01# removal.

1ost stroke victims will re/uire rehabilitation after the event. A person!scondition is generally dependent on the area of the brain and the

amount of tissue that was damaged. It is common for the rehabilitation

process to include speech therapy, occupational therapy,

physical therapy, and family education.

http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/160645.phphttp://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/160645.php


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.re&ention

*ne way to prevent a stroke is to be aware of a transient ischemicattack (-+* or mini stroke if one occurs, the symptoms are similar

to stroke. 2nowing the symptoms of stroke can lead to earlier treatment

and better recovery.

1uch of stroke prevention is based on living a healthy lifestyle, whichinclude&

Identifying and controlling blood pressure.

3ot smoking.

4owering cholesterol, sodium, and fat intake.

Treating diabetes properly.

1anaging stress.

$eing physically active.

http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/145855.phphttp://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/145855.php


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-hank You 7

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