latin america introduction sol wg.4 where is latin america? find mexico on a world map... …and...
TRANSCRIPT
LATIN AMERICA
IntroductionSOL WG.4
Where is Latin America?
• Find Mexico on a World Map...
…and move southward
Latin Americ
a
WHY is it called Latin America?
• Latin is a language• The two widely spoken
languages are Latin-based
Portuguese is
spoken in Brazil
And Spanish
just about everywhere else!!!
www.skokienet.org/ festival/cultures.html
What physical characteristics do we need
to know?
• In Central America and northern South America, it is
TROPICAL In northern Mexico and southern South America, it is TEMPERATE
CLIMATE
Along with climate,• In the Southern Hemisphere:
• Remember that SEASONS are REVERSED:desrever
• When it is winter in the USA...
…it is summer in South America (and southern
Africa & Australia &
Antarctica)
Physical Features• Mountains in Latin America:
• Sierra Madres split along Mexico’s coasts
• Andes along west coast of South America
• Just like the west coast of the USA, the Andes mountains are
VOLCANIC
Sierra Madres
ANDES MOUNTAINS: The longest chain and 2nd highest mountains in the
world!!
Mountains in Latin America can be split into agricultural “zones” as you move higher up the mountain. This is called “vertical zonation”
Tierra Caliente crops that like hot
temperatures
Tierra Templada crops that like temperate land
Tierra Fria no crops,
just grazing
Snow caps
Another look at Vertical Zonation in the Andes Mts.
• Along with volcanoes, western South America and parts of Central America experience
EARTHQUAKES due to the constant motion of the Earth’s tectonic plates-
Just like in California!!
But California can handle the earthquakes MUCH
better because of building codes and earthquake-
proof structures that are built in the states.
Unfortunately, Chile, Peru, and other countries in
Latin America don’t follow any type of building codes and whole villages can be
wiped out in an earthquake!!!
More Physical Features:
• There are MANY islands in Latin America• The Caribbean Islands are called the “West Indies” or the “Greater and Lesser Antilles”
• The Caribbean Islands are well known for their agriculture and
tourism
Greater (Bigger) Antilles
Lesser (Smaller) Antilles
• The Galapagos Islands (off the west coast of Ecuador) are known for their Tortoises and other scientific studies of plants and animals.
Ga-LAP-ah-goes Islands
• The Falkland Islands are controlled by the United Kingdom
• The British defeated the Argentines in the Falkland Island War of 1982
• These islands have a HUGE military advantage because of the location to the Strait of Magellan...
• ...esp. if the Panama Canal is blocked during wartime
“Falkland Islands (Isla Malvinas)
Administered by the UK
(claimed by Argentina)”
Other Physical Chars.Grasslands: huge, flat plains in
Latin America- known for agriculture
• The Llanos are in Venezuela; the Gran Chaco are in Paraguay;and the most famous are the Pampas in Argentina
Latin American Cowboys are
called Gauchos
Latin American Cowboys are
called Gauchos
We’re usually found in grassland ranches…like the Llanos in Venezuela
Or the Pampas of Argentina….
where the best beef cattle in the world is raised!!
Llanos
Pampas
http://www.ran.org/info_center/about_rainforests.html
Rainforests: Costa Rica and
Brazil~ Amazonia (in Brazil) is the largest
in the world!
“Amazonia”
Unfortunately, we’re being cut down and set aflame to make room for interior farmland and construction!!!!
OUCH!!! This is called “Slash and Burn”
Agriculture
Rainforests• Rainforests cover much of Latin America.
• Rain forests are near the equator.• Amazon rainforest covers almost 2
million acres.
Water fall in the forest
• Coastal Deserts: West Coast of South America ATACAMA DESERT in Chile
One of the hottest and driest places on Earth. 1/16”/yr
www.uni-magdeburg.de/ abp/picturegallery.htm
This clip art is actually “wrong” to use for the Atacama…there are cacti shown!!
THIS is more like it!!!
But why can places be so dry???
The “rain shadow” effect is part of the reason
RAIN SHADOW EFFECT
The Andes Mountains create rain shadows on leeward slopes and cause moisture to be blocked. That’s how we see such dry areas in Latin America. The Andes are so high that they block moisture from the ocean and create grasslands and deserts on the other side of the mountains.
http://www-cs-students.stanford.edu/~amitp/simblob/rain-shadow.png
Pacific Ocean
ANDES
Windward side of the mountains
Leeward Side or
“protected” side of the mountains
Rio Grande
Rivers in Latin America
The AMAZON!!The largest river
in the world!!
Parana River
Orinoco River
I'm the Rio de la Plata.I’m actually not a river,
but an estuary… the large water feature where fresh water from a river meets the salt water of the sea.
IMPACTS of Physical Features?:
• Location of urbanization?• People settle along coasts
• High population growth rate?• YES! Arable land means more
food• Large cities are called:
MEGACITIES• Sao Paulo Rio Mexico City
And the MOST important factor from
Latin America???
Of course!!!!Didn’t YOU think
coffee too?
Economic Characteristics• diverse economies• subsistence farming• plantation agriculture• slash and burn agriculture• cash crops and food crops• haciendas• cattle ranches and gauchos
• deforestation• destruction of the rainforests• oil resources--Ecuador,
Venezuela, Mexico• Heavy smog and pollution--
Mexico City
• disparity of income distribution• NAFTA member• diverse mineral resources
–copper in Chile–iron ore in Venezuela and Brazil
Cultural Characteristics• Indian civilizations--Aztec, Inca• African traditions--slaves• influences of European
colonization--Spanish• predominance of the Roman
Catholic religion• rigid social structure—no
movement
• Mestizos-European and Native• location of settlements--coastal in
South America• Megacities with large squatter
settlements• rapid population growth• out-migration
Cultural heritage• music--African influences, steel
drum bands, reggae• traditional dances• Spanish and Portuguese languages
Cultural landscape
• pyramids and cathedrals• haciendas and ejidos (communal
land)• ruins at Machu Picchu• ruins at Tikal
Latin America
in Pictures
SquatterCity in Brazil
Native American heritage
Mayan
Inca
Inca Chieftain
Steel Drums
Steel Drum Band
Cathedral in Mexico
Cathedral in Mexico
Macchu Picchuin Peru
Macchu Picchu is an ancient city that the Inca claimed was the center of the earth.
Tikal in Guatemala
• ancient Mayan city
• ceremonial and civic center • Tikal is the "New York City" of the
Maya, its skyscraper-like pyramids soaring up out of the jungle canopy.
Gauchos in Argentina
ANDES
Peaks in the ANDES
Looking up
Inca city of Machu Pichu
Sierra Madres
Amazon flowing through the rainforest.
Cattle on the Pampas
Shade trees on the llanos
A small pond on the llanos
Atacama
Bahamas
Bahamas from space
The Beach
Warm Blue Water