INTRODUCTION TO ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS

D Bh b M itDr. Bhargab MaitraAssociate Professor

Civil Engineering DepartmentCivil Engineering DepartmentIIT Kharagpur

ROAD DEVELOPMENT PROCESS

T f R f P ti f P lTerms of Reference, Preparation of Proposal,Procurement Process, Preparation of FeasibilityReports Preliminary Project Report and Detail ProjectReports, Preliminary Project Report, and Detail ProjectReport / Detail Engineering.

Ambitious Projects for Road Development

National Highway Development Programme (NHDP):National Highway Development Programme (NHDP):

(a)Golden Quadrilateral (b) North–South and East-West CorridorsCorridors

Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojona (PMGSY): 3.5 lakh kilometers of roads to connect about 1.5 lakh villages

AN OUTLINE OF PROCUREMENT PROCEDURE

Step-1

Preparation of various reports, establishing the prioritization, economic and financial viability, p , y,environmental and social impact assessment and detail engineering with estimated cost and preparation

f i i l bid d f iof international bid document for contracting.

Step-2p

Once the bid document is ready, a contractor is procured to carry out the project and also a supervisionprocured to carry out the project and also a supervision consultant is appointed to supervise the contractor’s job at site.

Step 3Step-3

In case of BOT / Annuity Projects, another consultant k “I d d t C lt t” i i t d tknown as “Independent Consultant” is appointed to supervise the entire work of study, design, economic and financial viability and final terms of BOT / Annuityand financial viability and final terms of BOT / Annuity.

Sequence of Activities in Step 1Sequence of Activities in Step-1

Notice inviting EOI Short-listing Invitation forRFP Submission of Proposal ProposalEvaluation Negotiation Award QAPgInception Report Feasibility Report PPRDPR ICB DocumentDPR ICB Document

EXPRESSION OF INTEREST (EOI)

•Company Profile•General Qualifications & Experience•Experience in the Field of Highway & Transportation•Experience in the Field of Highway & Transportation•Relevant Services Carried Out & Ongoing Projects•Financial StatusFinancial Status

REQUEST FOR PROPOSAL (RFP)

Section 1: General•LOI (Letter of Invitation)•Information to Consultants•Introduction•Standard Forms and submittal required for•Standard Forms and submittal required forTechnical Proposal•Standard Forms with submittal required forStandard Forms with submittal required forFinancial Proposal•Date of Opening of Proposal•Proposal Evaluation•NegotiationA d f C t t•Award of Contract

•Standard Form of Contract

Section 2 : Terms of Reference (TOR)Back ground of ProjectOutline of Scope of ServicesSequence of Project PreparationSchedule of CompletionpData, Services and Facilities to be provided by theClientDescription of the Final Output (reports, drawings,number of copies etc.)p )Procedure for Review of ReportList of Key PositionsList of Key Positions

Requirements of Key Personnel (Typical)

•Senior Highway Engineer – cum – Team Leader•Highway Engineer –cum—Deputy Team Leader•Senior Pavement Specialist•Pavement Specialist•Senior Bridge Specialist•Senior Bridge Specialist•Bridge Specialist•Traffic EngineerTraffic Engineer•Material-cum-Geotechnical Engineer•Senior Survey Engineer•Survey Engineer•Transport EconomistE i t l S i li t•Environmental Specialist

•Resettlement Specialist

PROPOSAL

Technical proposalFirms reference with past experience & PDS Comments and suggestions on TOR and on data

services and facilities to be provided by the client.Description of the methodology and work plan for

performing the assignmentTeam composition and task assignments CVs of proposed key professional staffp p y pActivity (work) scheduleTime schedule for professional personnelp p

Financial proposalSummary of costSummary of costBreak down price per activityBreak down of remuneration of key professionalsBreak down of remuneration of key professionalsReimbursable costMiscellaneous expenses if anyMiscellaneous expenses, if any

EVALUATION OF PROPOSAL

Technical Proposal is evaluated giving appropriate weightages to different aspectsappropriate weightages to different aspects

G ll i i k ( 75%) i i d fGenerally, a minimum mark (say, 75%) is required for qualifying into technical evaluation - then the financial bids are opened and evaluatedbids are opened and evaluated

During financial evaluation, 100% marks is given to the consultant with lowest price and for other consultants, th k i d d i ti t t d ithe marks is reduced in proportion to quoted price

FINAL NEGOTIATION AND AWARD OF CONTRACT

Based on the combined score of technical andfinancial evaluation, the highest ranking consultant isasked to negotiate / clarify / confirm availability oftheir key personnel once more for the project, and oncompliance the contract is awarded to the consultantcompliance, the contract is awarded to the consultant.

QUALITY ASSURANCE PLANQUALITY ASSURANCE PLAN

Quality Assurance Plan (QAP) is the consultant’sQuality Assurance Plan (QAP) is the consultant s commitment to producing a quality DPR

QAP comprises ofQuality goals and objectivesQuality goals and objectivesPurpose of QAPElements of Quality Assurance System ApproachElements of Quality Assurance System Approachand methodology

QAP t b f l t d fQAP to be formulated for•Topographic SurveysT ffi S•Traffic Surveys

•Geo-technical & Material Investigations•Condition survey & Design of Bridges & Structures•Design of Highway and Pavement•Economic and Financial Analysis•Environmental & Social Impact Assessment

Description of Tasks

Stage 1 INCEPTION REPORT (IR)MobilisationReview of Data and DocumentsQuality Assurance PlanR i d Ali tReconnaissance and AlignmentDraft Design StandardsReportReport

Stage 2 PRELIMINARY PROJECT REPORT AND STRIP PLAN (PPR)AND STRIP PLAN (PPR)

St 3 DETAILED PROJECT REPORT (DPR )Stage 3 DETAILED PROJECT REPORT (DPR )

INCEPTION REPORT

To convey to the client the clear understanding of the TOR and define in details the methodologyTOR and define in details the methodology

Introduction and Objective

Methodology

Secondary data to be collected / Collected

Secondary DataSOI T hi Sh tSOI Topographic SheetsGeological Maps of the areaSatellite Mapping (for long by-pass)The GTS benchmark locations and correspondinglevelsAny Vision Statement / Report on the strategy offuture development of the PIAPrevious traffic counts data for the last 6- 10 yearsThe Geo-technical data of old/new bridge and crossdrainage structures/areasPWD identified quarry for Sand, Stone Chips andother building materials

Existing Schedule of Rates of the States / DistrictsAuthenticated information on the Right of Way (ROW)Authenticated information on the Right of Way (ROW)Meteorological DataClassified Vehicle Registration data of the statesClassified Vehicle Registration data of the states(PIA), at least for the last 5 yearsUnderground / Overhead Utilities which may needUnderground / Overhead Utilities which may needshifting or affect widening / geometric improvementStatistical / Economic data of the PIA for the last 5 / 10Statistical / Economic data of the PIA for the last 5 / 10years e.g. NSDP, PCI, Population etc.Accident Information and identification of potentiallyAccident Information and identification of potentiallyblack spots

Primary data collection

Traffic Survey

Topographical Surveyp g p y

Preliminary Inventory Survey

FEASIBILITY REPORTPrepared and submitted within a period of normally 3Prepared and submitted within a period of normally 3 to 4 months

Executive SummaryExecutive SummaryKey Plan with exact location of various traffic surveys

and homogeneous sectionsgMethodology Adopted for the studiesDescription of Technical / Engineering alternativesRequirement of Service Roads and Toll PlazaTraffic Surveys and AnalysisPreliminary inspection reports on bridges and otherPreliminary inspection reports on bridges and other

structures etcList of structures needing repair / rehabilitation withList of structures needing repair / rehabilitation withapproximate costList of ROB / RUB / Major and Minor Bridges

Requirement of new ROB / RUB / Bridges / FlyoversProject DescriptionProject DescriptionPreliminary Environmental Analysis and ScreeningPreliminary Social Impact ScreeningStrip Plan showing details of utilities that may needshiftingP t t d d id tifi ti f ti fPavement study and identification of sections forcarrying out representative testsBall Park cost estimateBall Park cost estimatePreliminary economic analysis based on assumedparameters where authenticated result is not availablepIndicative design standards and specificationConclusions and recommendations

PRELIMINARY PROJECT REPORT

(i) Executive Summary & ConclusionsIntroductionObjectiveScope of workThe stretchesThe stretchesThe final developed project description and key planDesign philosophyDesign philosophyMethodology with flow chartDescription and Findings for various surveysEnvironmental Impact Assessment (EIA)PAP & RAP -Social Impact & Resettlement E i l iEconomic analysis Financial viability Vis-à-vis BOT

(ii) Introduction

GeneralObjective: engineering, economic, environmental andsocial feasibility studies to evolve most economical andsound engineering proposal for the required road andbridge work from various alternativesbridge work, from various alternatives.Scope of workDesign PhilosophyDesign PhilosophyStructure of the report

(iii) MethodologyDifferent aspects to be coveredDifferent aspects to be covered

TrafficPavementPavementDrainageBridge & CulvertsHighway PlanningEnvironmental Screening and Impact AssessmentS i l d R ttl t A ti PlSocial and Resettlement Action PlanCost Analysis Economic EvaluationEconomic Evaluation

(iv) Description of Project Stretch with Location MapStarting KM of NH / SH Name of the Place theStarting KM of NH / SH - Name of the Place – the ending Km of the NH / SH, new Km of SH / NH - at what KM it crosses any NH or SH or MDR The namewhat KM it crosses any NH or SH or MDR. The name of the States / districts it passes through - and at what Km. Suggestive homogeneous sections –gg gbased on a) Traffic b) Pavement type and condition c) Construction Packages. Description of terrain -Hilly / Rolling / Plain. ROW - existing number of CD's, bridges - Causeways and missing bridges. . The forest boundary from KM to KM. Type of development along the stretch – ribbon development – semi-urban

b S h l / H lth C t / klarea – urban area. Schools / Health Centers / weekly market / places of worship etc.

(v) Highway Design

Comply with various IRC codes, MOST guidelines and International standards. Service roads, underpasses (pedestrian and vehicular), parking areas, toll plazas, weighing stations, lay byes, intersections (grade separated & at grade) drainageintersections (grade separated & at grade), drainage, illumination, guard rails, antiglare measures and traffic signssignsDigital Terrain Model (DTM) based on topographical survey and alignment (Horizontal & Vertical) using any of the highway software e.g. InRoads SelectCAD, HEADS, MX Roads

(vi) Traffic Survey

Classified Traffic Volume counts at Mid Block –24 hrs x 7 days

Turning Movement Count at importantTurning Movement Count at importantIntersections – During Peak Hours

Origin-Destination Survey – 24 hrs.Origin Destination Survey 24 hrs.Speed & Delay SurveyPedestrian Count SurveyParking SurveysSpot Speed SurveyWillingness to Pa Toll S r eWillingness to Pay Toll SurveyAxle Load Survey

(vii) Topographic Survey and Special Findings

location of B.M & Intermediate station pts, ROW, Demarcation of forest area, Starting and End of any SH MDR Id tifi ti f i t ti i llSH or MDR, Identification of intersections specially with NH, SH & MDR, Locations of school or health care centre or weekly market place the cross sectioncare centre or weekly market place, the cross section of the rivers 200m on either side of a bridge, etc.

(viii) PavementPavement ConditionPavement ConditionPavement Roughness by Bump Integrator PavementDeflection Measurement by BBD testExisting pavement composition and subgradecharacteristicsCBR DCP d Fi ld D it T t tCBR, DCP and Field Density Tests etc.Rut Depth

Shoulder ConditionPaved / Unpaved / Gravel shoulderEdge dropEdge drop

Embankment Condition G l C diti f b k tGeneral Condition of embankmentExtent of slope erosion

(ix) Drainage & Hydrological SurveyAddress the shortfall in existing system drainage layerAddress the shortfall in existing system, drainage layerunder pavement, catchment area, longitudinal drains inurban / semi-urban area / culverts and bridgesurban / semi urban area / culverts and bridges

Hydrological Survey: Drainage Characteristic of theA D i Di h f i / t Hi hArea, Design Discharge of rivers /streams, HighFlood Levels (HFL)

(x) Geotechnical and Material Investigations

G h i l h t i ti t f il th t t hGeophysical characteristics, types of soil on the stretch, their characteristics, effect on pavement and drainage designdesign.Construction material sourcesSome of the tests are•Liquid Limit Plastic Limit•Grain Size Analysis•Modified Proctor Compaction Test •CBR testTriaxial compression test (unconsolidated undrained)•Triaxial compression test (unconsolidated undrained)

•Direct shear test (consolidated quick condition)•Triaxial shear test (consolidated undrained condition)Triaxial shear test (consolidated undrained condition)•Plate bearing test etc.

(xi) Bridges & CulvertsNumber and type of existing bridges, missing Bridges,Number and type of existing bridges, missing Bridges,condition of existing culverts, cause for deterioration,rectification measure – number of bridges and culvertsto be repaired / strengthened /reconstructed, newbridges and culverts to be constructed etc.(xii) Social Study

Area and Demographic featureState EconomyState EconomyAgricultureLive stockLive stockForestryMininggIndustriesTransport profile etc.

(xii) Environmental Impact AssessmentPeoples perception air / noise pollutionPeoples perception - air / noise pollution

Physical environment – destruction / dislocation ofman made resourcesman made resources

Biological environment – destruction / disruption ofnatural resources

Mitigation measures

(xii) Project Cost Estimate( ) jSpecification of Roads and Bridges by MORTH and PWD Price Schedule of the state through which thePWD Price Schedule of the state through which the stretch is passing

(xiii) Economic EvaluationFirst Year Rate of Return (FYRR): Determination of theFirst Year Rate of Return (FYRR): Determination of the optimum opening year by means of the FYRR helps to maximize the NPV of the projectp j

Which project has the highest rate of immediatebenefit?

Which project requires a certain build-up periodbefore qualifying benefits are achievedbefore qualifying benefits are achieved

In which year of a project's life the cut-off ratio is reached (or exceeded) for the first timereached (or exceeded) for the first time

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FEASIBILITY & PP REPORTThe basic difference lies in the allocated time frameThe basic difference lies in the allocated time frame

In the feasibility stage, best/optimum alignment andvarious technical improvements of the project stretchvarious technical improvements of the project stretchafter considering relevant environmental and socialimpacts, cost-effectiveness and economic viability areimpacts, cost effectiveness and economic viability areworked out.The preliminary project report aims at providing aThe preliminary project report aims at providing aselected workable proposal with more details to arriveat a realistic cost assessment. The proposal is studiedfor any discrepancy or bottleneck, which may be facedduring preparation of DPR. The scheme drawings ared l d f th t id ll th tdeveloped further to provide all the parametersnecessary for the detailed drawings.

DETAIL PROJECT REPORT AND ICB DOCUMENT

DPR includes detailed designs and drawings, preparation of cost estimates, bid documents etc. as

th d PPR d RAP (R h bilit ti A tiper the approved PPR and RAP (Rehabilitation Action Plan) complying with all directions given by the client while approving the PPR and RAPwhile approving the PPR and RAP

ICB documents comprises Technical Specification, p p ,BOQ & Detail Drawings (as in the DPR), Conditions of Contract etc. as per International Standards and following World Bank / ADB guidelines