introduction to project management -...

Copyright ©2008, Jason Paul Kazarian. All rights reserved.

Introduction to Project Management

http://lbgeeks.com/gitc/pmIntro.php

June 2, 2008


Outline

● Definitions: What is a Project? What is Management? What is Project Management?

● Project Life Cycle● Software Project Specifics● People: Stakeholders, Roles,

Expectations● Line, Matrix, and Project Organization


What is a Project?

● Collection of resources working towards the same specific goal for finite amount of time

● Includes capital, machines, people, organizations, software, etc.

● Successful projects end via transition to production or operations

● Unsuccessful projects are cancelled


What is Management?

● Application of human abilities, knowledge, and skill to control an entity, moving towards a desired goal or state

● Practiced by one or more people, either co-ordinated or distributed: Bus driver Surgical team

● Success requires theory and practice● Psychological and technical aspects


What is Project Management?

● Team formed specifically to control a project towards success

● Duration same as project● Reports (but not responsible) to other

groups in the organization● Co-ordinates within (but not across) a

given project● Intentionally organized autonomously


Project Life Cycle

● Definition● Generic Cycle● Industry Specific Examples:

Acquisition Construction


Definition

● Project is finite: beginning, middle, end● Analogous to animal or plant life● Controlled to meet specific goals● Life cycle is a mental model for the

expected project progress● Multiple aspects: budget, phase, time


Generic Cycle

Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep NovOct Dec

5

10

15

20

25

30

Staffing Level By Month

Proj

ect S

tart

Proo

f of C

once

pt

Req

uire

men

ts

Des

ign

Cod

ing

Test

ing

Del

iver

y

Proj

ect E

nd


Acquisition Example

MissionNeed

ProveConcept Validate Develop Deploy Support

Milestone 0ApprovalJune 2008

Milestone 1ApprovalSep 2008

Milestone 2ApprovalDec 2008



End of LifeDec 2050

Phase 0 Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Phase 4 Phase 5


MarFeb

Construction Example

Jan Apr May June July Aug Sep NovOct Dec

20

40

60

80

100

Budget Consumption By Month

Proj

ect S

tart

City

App

rova

l

Con

trac

ts L

et

Foun

datio

n

Stru

ctur

e

Util

ity

Inte

rior

Occ

upy


Software Project Specifics

● Intangible Nature● Requirement Fluctuation● Multiple Cycle Models:

Waterfall Iterative Spiral


Intangible Nature of Software

● Ever touched a bit?● Direct result of human expression● Very low manufacturing costs● Physical defect inspection impossible● Perception of quality psychological


Requirement Fluctuation

● Unspoken market needs● Economy, technology changes● Derived requirements surface later● Prototypes reveal dissatisfaction● Data definitions, interfaces fluid


Waterfall Cycle

AssessMarket

ProveConcept

Require-ments

Design

Coding

Testing


Iterative Cycle

AssessMarket

ProveConcept

Require-ments

Design

Coding

Testing


Spiral Cycle

MarketAssess

Proof ofConcept

Require Design

Coding

Testing

RequireDesignCoding

Testing

Require

Design

Coding Testing Require Design

Coding

Testing

Require

Design

CodingTestingRequireDesignCoding

Testing

Require

Design

Coding

Testing

Require Design Coding Testing Require Design

Coding

Testing

Require

Design

Coding

Testing

RequireDesignCodingTesting

Require

Design

Coding

Testing

Require

Design

RequireDesignCoding

Testing


People

● Stakeholders● Roles● Expectations


Stakeholders

● Definitions: Customer uses the end project result Sponsor pays for project development Developer works on project Project manager responsible to customer,

sponsor, developer for project success● Stakeholders can be:

People (tiny) Groups (small) Companies (medium) Multi-nationals, governments (large)


Roles

Coding

Design

Testing

Requirements

Assess Market

Prove Concept

Customer Sponsor Developer PM

+ + 0 +/0

- -

++/0

++++

+/0

+/0

- -0/-

+ +++++

+/0


Expectations

● Customer: function, performance, quality, utility, value

● Sponsor: profit, reputation● Developer: employment, skills● Project manager: delivery, success


Organizations

● Line Management● Matrix Management● Project Management


Line Management Organization

ProductionEurope

EngineeringEurope

AccountingEurope

MarketingEurope

SalesEurope

Boa

rd o

f Dire

ctor

s an

d Pr

esid

ent

ProductionAsia

EngineeringAsia

AccountingAsia

MarketingAsia

SalesAsia

ProductionAmericas

EngineeringAmericas

AccountingAmericas

MarketingAmericas

SalesAmericas

Production

Engineering

Marketing

Sales

Accounting


Matrix Management OrganizationB

oard

of D

irect

ors

and

Pres

iden

tAmericas

Production

Engineering

Accounting

Marketing

Sales

Europe Asia


Project Management OrganizationBoard of Directors and President

Development

Engineering

Architecture

Marketing

Testing

PM A

Development

Engineering

Architecture

Marketing

Testing

PM B

Development

Engineering

Architecture

Marketing

Testing

PM C

Development

Engineering

Architecture

Marketing

Testing

PM D


Summary

● Project management is a dedicated team to meet a specific goal

● Incorporates both theory and practice● Teams are industry specific● Software presents unique challenges● People interact with projects so

psychology is necessary● Organization’s management style follows

its world view

introduction to project management -...

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