introduction to chemistry 061

7/24/2019 Introduction to Chemistry 061

1/48

Introduction to

306860 Chemistry 061Semester 2, 2012


2/48

Lecturer

Khor Ee Huey BSc in Chemistry and Biology (Campbell)

MSc in Analytical Chemistry (Warwick)

PhD in Chemical Engineering (Curtin)

Research Interest Water and Wastewater Treatment

Analytical Sciences

Membrane Technology

CFD Simulation


3/48

Teaching Team

Jason Chia Angnes Tiong

Evelyn Chiong

Wong Wei Ning


4/48

ApplyDiscipline

Knowledge

ThinkingSkills

InformationSkills

CommunicationSkills

TechnologySkills

LearningHow toLearn

InternationalPerspective

CulturalUnderstanding

ProfessionalSkills

Curtins

GraduateAttributes


5/48

Unit Learning Outcomes:

1 Apply the concepts and principles of chemical foundations andstates of matter to basic problem solving.

2

Evaluate chemistry related problems and phenomena creativelyand critically.

3 Carry out laboratory practical using correct techniques with

accuracy, precision and safety.

4

Produce laboratory notebook on practical work using effectivecommunication skills and critical thinking skills at a levelappropriate for tertiary education.

Apply discipline knowledge, Learning how to learn

Thinking skills

Professional skills, Cultural understanding

Information skills, Communication skills


6/48

Unit Syllabus

Basic concepts Atoms, Molecules & Ions

Mole, Equation & Stoichiometry

Electronic configuration &Periodic Table

ChemistryFoundation

Chemical bonding

Shape and Polarity of Molecules

Intermolecular forces and statesof matter.

Structure of solids

Understandingon Matter


7/48

Learning activities(per week)Face-to-face:

1 hours lecture

1 hours tutorial

2 hours laboratory (fortnightly)

Group/Self-study (suggestion):

2 hours on lab preparation and LecQuiz

1 hour reading text book

2 hours attempt on tutorial questions


8/48

Assessment Summary

Assessment item Worth Due

Laboratory Notebook 20% Two weeks after

each lab session

Tutorials 10% EachWeek

Quizzes 30% Refer to Unit

Outline

Final examination 40% Week 16

Total 100%


9/48

Assessment item Worth Due

Laboratory 20% Two weeks after

each lab sessionLaboratory Notebook 15%

Marking scheme can be found from the Moodle

Laboratory Worksheet 5%

Preparation done before the every lab sessions

Submission system: Laboratory notebook should be ring-bound and submit toAdministrative Assistant (Lydia) for endorsement before the

submission deadline.

Laboratory worksheet/ workplan should be submitted torespective tutor during laboratory session before theexperiment starts.


10/48

Experiment Title: Students Name and ID: Mark:


11/48

Experiment Title:

Name of Instructor:

Students Name and ID: Mark:

Excellent

(6)

Proficient

(4)

Beginning

(2)Presentation &

Appearance

Notebook is well organised or bound neatly with all

pages numbered and follows the format given.

Writing is neat and legible. Pen is used exclusively;

mistakes crossed out with single line; note is made

to explain mistake.

Notebook is bound or fairly organised but

with some headings missing and most

pages numbered with minor mistakes in

formatting.

Most writing is neat and legible. Pen isoften used; no notes are made to explain

mistake.

Notebook is unbound and messy. The

work is poorly organised with major

format error and no pages number is

included.

Writing is difficult to read. Pen is notused consistently; excessive crossing out

of mistakes showing careless work.

Introduction Clear statements of objective and valid hypothesesare provided based on literature review.

Introduction is well written with significant and

relevant information like definition of keywords,

reaction equations, physical data included.

Moderately appropriate objectives and

hypotheses are provided with little

evidence from literature research.

Some introductory and background

information provided is provided with

errors

Unclear objectives and off-the-mark or

irrelevant hypothesis.

Fail to include background information

from literature review.

Methodology &

Safety

Clear diagram and flow chart is included to describe

procedure. Equipment set up sketch on procedures

is properly labelled. MSDS data was used to suggest relevant safety

precautions. Safety precautions are rational and well

thought.

Flow chart is provided but with minor

errors. Modification in procedure is not

included. Safety precautions are given but too

generic. Information from MSDS data was

not used to suggest relevant safety

precautions

Diagrams and flow chart not included at

all. Experimental procedure is difficult to

follow. Modification in procedure is notrecorded.

Safety precautions are not always stated

Lack of attention in providing critical

safety information from MSDS.

Results &

Calculation

Accurate and complete and measurement data are

recorded in appropriate table with correct significant

figures and units.

Observations are recorded correctly if there is any.

Calculation is correct with step-by-step working

shown clearly.

Data are mostly complete. Data tables

are presented with minor errors spotted

such as incorrect significant figures and

missing units.

Little attention is given to observation.

Calculation is mostly correct, but workings

steps are not clear and method used may

not be fully described.

Data recorded is incomplete. Data tables

are messy and spotted with major

mistakes (significant figures and units).

Observations are completely missing or

inaccurate.

Calculation and working are incomplete

and with major mistakes.

Discussion &

Conclusion

All inferences are supported by appropriate

experimental results.

Conclusion is clear and compared with hypothesis

being tested.

Possible source of errors identified.

Recommendation for improvement included are

relevant, logic and viable.

Inferences are documented but not all

supported by experimental data.

Conclusions is not clear and not

compared with hypothesis being tested

Sources of errors are identified but too

generic. Recommendation and

suggestions may not be viable.

Findings are not summarised. Inferences

are not supported by experimental data.

There is no conclusion included.

Little or no attempt to identify sources o

errors. Recommendations and

suggestions are completely missing.

6 points

6 points

6 points

4 points

4 points


12/48

Comments:

Points

Collected

Mark Points

Collected

Mark Points

Collected

Mark Points

Collected

Mark

30 20 23-22 15 15 10 8-7 5

29-28 19 21 14 14-13 9 6 4

27 18 20-19 13 12 8 5-4 3

26-25 17 18 12 11-10 7 3 2

24 16 17-16 11 9 6 2-1 1

26 points

17 marks


13/48

Cooperative Team Learning

4-5 students in one team 5 team roles for laboratory work

Team manager

Researcher Technician

Data analyst

Safety officer

If only 4 members in the team,

the team manager will also play

the role of the researcher


14/48

Format Description Worth

MCQ +

Subjective

4-5 Questions 5

Review Quizzes (20%)Date Week 5, 7,9, and 11

Time Tutorial sessions

Venue Tutorial venues

Scope TBA


15/48

Lecture Quiz (10%)Date Starting in Week 1 for 10 consecutive lectures

Dateline Before Friday of the following week

Venue Moodle access

Scope Lecture for that week

Criteria Have to attend lectures


Part A Short Answer Question

Part B Self- reflection Questions

Total 1


16/48


Part A 15 Multiple Choices Questions 30

Part B 5 Short Answer Questions 35

Part C 3 Long Answer Question 35

Total Scoring Mark 100

Final Examination (40%)Week 16

Duration 2 hour 10 mins (10 mins reading time)

Scope All topics


17/48


18/48

http://moodle.curtin.edu.my/ Announcement Lecturers timetable (consultation hours)

Lab schedule

Lecture slides Tutorial Lab Manual

Mark Sheet

Useful links
http://moodle.curtin.edu.my/http://moodle.curtin.edu.my/


19/48

Important note:

Attendance & Punctuality Switch off or silent mode mobile phone

Late submission of assignment (-10% per day)

Deferral F-IN, F

Plagiarism

No Spoon Feeding

No free rider


20/48

What to Expect??

Independent learningCritical thinking

Analytical thinking

Problem solving skills

Team work

Communication

G d R l


21/48

Ground Rules:Laboratory Session:

Students must read and prepare before each experiment.

Students must follow the rules and regulation in the

laboratory strictly.

It is students own effort and responsibility to complete the

lab 10-min before time.

Tutorial:

Students must attempt all the tutorial questions before

class.

Be punctual for every class.

Do not wait for solutions from lecturers before even trying

the questions.

G d R l


22/48

Lecture:

Respect other's cultural and religious traditions,beliefs, values and languages.

Do not interrupt when someone is speaking.

Do not make noise during lecture except for

discussion.Other:

Respect lecturers personal teaching timetable.

Make appointment before consultation via formal

written email (student account only!) Students are responsible for their own behaviour.

Ground Rules:


23/48

Topic 1:Chemistry Foundation

Semester 2, 2012

i bj i


24/48

Describe common steps in scientific methods

Use significant figures and rounding to reflect the

certainty of quantitative data

Use percent of error and relative precision to

compare accuracy and precision of experimental

data

Learning Objectives:


25/48

A systematic approach to research andexperiment

What is scientific method?

S i tifi M th d


26/48

Scientific Method

HYPOTHESIS

Tentativeexplanation.

EXPERIMENT

Controlledobservations

that testhypothesis

SCIENTIFIC LAW

Summary ofaccepted

relationship which

supported by manyexperiments.

THEORY/MODEL

Tested hypothesis/

explanationsupported by manyexperiments.

Prediction


27/48

Theory

an explanation of a set of related

observations or events based upon

proven hypotheses and verifiedmultiple times by detached groups of

researchers.

Examples:

Atomic theory/model Theory of evolution

Theory of relativity

The quantum theory

Law

A statement of fact to describe an

observation or relationship that is

always true when tested.

Example:

law of gravity

Newton's laws of motion

The laws of thermodynamics

Boyle's law of gases

the law of conservation of mass and

energy

Hooks law of elasticity


28/48

Quantitative Observation


29/48

Measurement: number + unit

Unit of measurement: SI Unit mass (kg), length (m), time (s), temperature (K), amount of

substance (mol)

volume (dm3), density (gcm-3)

Number: Scientific notation diameter of the Sun = 1.392 x 106 km

density of the Sun = 2.8 x 10-8 gcm-3

Quantitative Observation

i f


30/48

All measurements should be reported in correct

significant figures: all of the certain digits and oneestimated digits.

Estimated digit indicates the uncertainty of ameasurement which depends on tolerance of

measuring instruments

Reporting values from measurements

C t


31/48

Compare measurements:

Balance A gives reading 3.52 g

Three SF, last digit 2 is estimated digit.

The uncertainty of balance is 0.01 g

The actual value should be in the range of 3.51 to 3.53

Balance B give reading 3.5245 g

Balance B is more accurate than balance A.


32/48

Non-zero numbers are always significant.

72.3 g three significant figures)

Zeros between non-zero numbers are always significant.


All final zeros to the right of decimal place are significant.


Zeros that act as placeholders are not significant.

0.0253 g 3 significant figures)

Counting numbers and defined constants have infinite numberof significant figures. 6 molecules, 60 s min-1)

R

U

L

E

S

SignificantFigures


33/48

Significant figures in arithmetic

Addition andsubtraction

Answer should have same number of digits to theright of the decimal as the measurement with theleast number of decimal digits.

Example 1

2.475 m + 3.5 m + 4.65 m = 10.625 m

Answer should round up to 10.6 m

Example 2

5.36 x 10-4 g6.381 x 10-5 g = 4.7219 x 10-4 g

Answer should round up to 4.72 x 10

-4

g

Si ifi fi i i h i


34/48

Significant figures in arithmetic

Multiplicationand Division

Answer should contain same number of significant figures as themeasurement with the fewest number of significant figures inthe calculation

Example 1

(6.46 x 10-4 g) (3.0 x 1012 cm3) = 2.153333 x 10-16 g/cm3

Answer should round up to 2.2 x 10-16 g/cm3

Example 2

(4.765 x 1011)x(5.3 x 10-4) (7.0 x 10-5) = 3.607785714 x 1012

Answer should round up to 3.6 x 1012

Example 1: Digital Balance


35/48

Example 1: Digital Balance

Report Value: 100.4315 gUncertainty : 0.0001 g

Example 2: Bulb Pipette


36/48

Example 2: Bulb Pipette

Report Value: 25.00 mLUncertainty : 0.03 mL

Example 4: Graduated Cylinder


37/48

Report Value: 8.75 mL

Uncertainty : 0.05 mL

Example 4: Graduated Cylinder

E l 5 B tt


38/48

Example 5: Burette

Initial Reading: 21.30 mL


Final Reading: 49.75 mL



39/48

Burette Reading:

49.75 mL 21.30 mL = 28.45 mL

Value Uncertainty

Final Burette Reading/ mL 49.75 0.05mL

Initial Burette Reading/ mL 21.30 0.05mL

Burette reading/ mL 28.45 0.10mL

A f M t


40/48

Accuracy of Measurement

Accuracy: how close a measured value is to anaccepted value.

Percent of error

=experimental value- accepted valuex100accepted value

P i i f M t


41/48

Precision of Measurement

Precision refers to how close a series of measurements are to one another.

average deviation/ relative precision

standard deviation

A & P i i


42/48

Accuracy & Precision

Systematic vs Random error


43/48

Systematic vs Random error

Low accuracy : large systematic error

Low precision : large random error

Systematic error


44/48

Systematic error

happen in one direction (always higher or lower

than actual value)

Procedural: do not follow procedure correctly, flaw in

procedure. Parallax error.

Instrumental error: balance used is not calibrated

properly. (do not show zero) etc.

Example of Systematic Error:


45/48




46/48


Parallax Error

Random error


47/48

Happen in all direction (first trial higher than actual value

second trial lower)

Do not follow procedure consistently.

Different experimenter.

Record data wrongly.Instrument: pipette has a random delivery error of 0.02 mL.

External conditions:

- temperature and

- humidity of environment

Summary:


48/48

Su a y: Typical steps of scientific method include observation, hypothesis

and experiments.

A theory is a hypothesis that has been supported by manyexperiments to explain an observation.

A law summarizes observations and describes relationships innature.

In quantitative measurement,

Report data in correct significant figures.

Percent of error to reflect accuracy.

Relative deviation to reflect precision.

introduction to chemistry 061

Documents