Introduction to ChemistryGrade 9 Chemistry Review

Matter

• Everything is made up of matter

• All matter is made up of elements

• Elements are made up atoms

• Atoms are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons

• Matter can be classified by Physical and Chemical characteristics

The Physical Classification of Matter

• There are three states of matter

• Solid

• Liquid

• Gas

The Chemical Classification of Matter

The Classification of Matter: Activity

The Periodic Table of Elements

• Elements are organized into a groups and families in the periodic table of elements.

• Elements are organized according to their atomic number (the number of protons in their nucleus).

• Families of elements share chemical and sometimes physical characteristics.

Periodic Table of Elements: Groups

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Periodic Table of Elements: Families

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The Periodic Table of ElementsSong

Atomic Structure

• Each element on the periodic table is made up of atoms. Each atom of each element has a unique make up of protons, and also of neutrons and electrons.

• Atomic Number: The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

• Atomic Weight: The total number of subatomic particles in the nucleus of an atom.

• # of Protons + # Neutrons

Atomic Structure

• Atomic Structure Video #1

• Atomic Structure Video #2

Atomic Math

For any element…

– Atomic Number = # of Protons = # of Electrons

– Atomic Weight – Atomic Number = # of Neutrons

Atomic Math Example

Krypton

• Atomic Number = 36 (= # of Protons)

• # of Protons = # of Electrons = 36

• Number of Neutrons = 48– Atomic Weight - Atomic Number = 84 - 36 = 48

Atomic Math Practice Activity

English French Latin German Symbol

Silver Argent Argentum Silber Ag

Gold Or Aurum Gold Au

Iron Fer Ferrum Eisen Fe

Copper Cuivre Cuprum Kupfer Cu

The element symbol is international, regardless of language. It is often based on the Latin name of the element.

The first letter of the symbol is always a capital letter.

The symbol is always made up of 2 or 3 letters.

Chemical Symbols…Why?