instructor: dr. ryan lambert-bellacov, d.c.. overview of the course syllabus

INSTRUCTOR: DR. RYAN LAMBERT-BELLACOV, D.C.

Overview of the course

Syllabus

Fundamentals of Human Anatomy & Physiology

Copyright © 2006 Delmar

Second EditionDonald Rizzo

Chapter 1The Human Body:

An Orientation

The Human Body – An OrientationThe Human Body – An Orientation

Slide 1.1

• Anatomy – study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts

• Physiology – study of how the body and its parts work or function [characteristics and mechanisms that make it a living being.]

Anatomy – Levels of StudyAnatomy – Levels of Study

Slide 1.2a

• Gross Anatomy

• Large structures

• Easily observable

Figure 1.1

Anatomy – Levels of StudyAnatomy – Levels of Study

Slide 1.2b

• Very small structures

• Can only be viewed with a microscope

Figure 14.4

Levels of Structural OrganizationLevels of Structural Organization

Slide 1.3Figure 1.1

How to study Anatomy!

Regional – all structures in one part of the body (such as the abdomen or leg)

– gross anatomy of the body studied by system (most common and the way we will approach this class)

Surface – study of internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin

Organ System OverviewOrgan System Overview

Slide 1.4

• Integumentary/Skin

• Forms the external body covering providing protection

• Composed of the skin, sweat glands, oil glands, hair, and nails

• Synthesizes vitamin D

• Location of cutaneous nerve receptors

Figure 1.2a

Bellacov

Grow of nail avg. 1 mm a week, skin weigh about 9 pounds, has 11 miles of blood vessels.


Slide 1.5

• Skeletal

• Protects and supports body organs

• Provides muscle attachment for movement

• Site of blood cell formation

• Stores mineralsFigure 1.2b


Slide 1.6

• Muscular

• Allows locomotion

• Maintains posture

• Produces heat

Figure 1.2c


Slide 1.7

• Nervous

• Fast-acting control system

• Responds to internal and external change

• Activates muscles and glands

Figure 1.2d


Slide 1.8Copyright © 2006 Delmar edited by Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

• Endocrine

• Secretes regulatory hormones

• Growth

• Reproduction

• Metabolism

Figure 1.2e


Slide 1.9

• Cardiovascular

• Transports materials in body via blood pumped by heart

• Oxygen

• Carbon dioxide

• Nutrients

• WastesFigure 1.2f


Slide 1.10

• *

• Returns fluids to blood vessels

• Disposes of debris

• Involved in immunity

Figure 1.2g



• Respiratory

• Keeps blood supplied with oxygen

• Removes carbon dioxide

Figure 1.2h



• Digestive

• Breaks down food

• Allows for nutrient absorption into blood

• Eliminates indigestible material

Figure 1.2i


Slide 1.13

• Urinary

• Eliminates nitrogenous wastes

• Maintains acid – base balance

• Regulation of materials

• Water

• ElectrolytesFigure 1.2j



• Reproductive

• Production of offspring

Figure 1.2k

The Language of AnatomyThe Language of Anatomy

Slide 1.21

• Special terminology is used to prevent misunderstanding

• Exact terms are used for:

• Position

• Direction

• Regions

• Structures

Orientation and Directional TermsOrientation and Directional Terms

Slide 1.22

Table 1.1

Orientation and Directional TermsOrientation and Directional Terms

Slide 1.23

Table 1.1 (cont)

Body LandmarksBody Landmarks


• Anterior

Figure 1.5a

Body LandmarksBody Landmarks


• Posterior

Figure 1.5b

Body PlanesBody Planes


Figure 1.6

Body CavitiesBody Cavities

Slide 1.27

Figure 1.7

Necessary Life FunctionsNecessary Life Functions

Slide 1.15

• Maintain Boundaries

• Movement

• Locomotion

• Movement of substances

• Responsiveness

• Ability to sense changes and react

• Digestion

• Break-down and delivery of nutrients


Slide 1.16a

• Metabolism – chemical reactions within the body

• Production of energy

• Making body structures

• Excretion

• Elimination of waste from metabolic reactions


Slide 1.16b

• Reproduction

• Production of future generation

• Growth

• Increasing of cell size and number

Survival NeedsSurvival Needs

Slide 1.17aCopyright © 2006 Delmar edited by Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

• Nutrients

• Chemicals for energy and cell building

• Includes carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, and minerals

• Oxygen

• Required for chemical reactions

Survival NeedsSurvival Needs

Slide 1.17bCopyright © 2006 Delmar edited by Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

• Water

• 60–80% of body weight

• Provides for metabolic reaction

• Stable body temperature

• Atmospheric pressure must be appropriate

HomeostasisHomeostasis


• Maintenance of a stable internal environment = a dynamic state of equilibrium

• Homeostasis must be maintained for normal body functioning and to sustain life

• Homeostatic imbalance – a disturbance in homeostasis resulting in disease

Maintaining HomeostasisMaintaining Homeostasis

Slide 1.19a

• The body communicates through neural and hormonal control systems

• Receptor

• Responds to changes in the environment (stimuli)

• Sends information to control center

Maintaining HomeostasisMaintaining Homeostasis

Slide 1.19bCopyright © 2006 Delmar edited by Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

• Control center

• Determines set point

• Analyzes information

• Determines appropriate response

• Effector

• Provides a means for response to the stimulus

Feedback MechanismsFeedback Mechanisms

Slide 1.20aCopyright © 2006 Delmar edited by Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

• Negative feedback

• Includes most homeostatic control mechanisms

• Shuts off the original stimulus, or reduces its intensity

• Works like a household thermostat

Feedback Mechanisms

• Positive Feedback

• Increases the original stimulus to push the variable farther

• In the body this occurs only in blood clotting and child birth

Performance Objectivescontinued

• Describe the levels of organization of the body and give major characteristics of each level.

• List the organ systems.

• Define homeostasis and explain why it is important.

• Describe the negative-feedback system and the positive-feedback system and their relationship to homeostasis.

Performance Objectivescontinued

• Name and describe the three major planes of the body or organ.

• Hint: Begin to study material now!

• Get help soon – if you need it! We want you to be successful!

instructor: dr. ryan lambert-bellacov, d.c.. overview of the course syllabus

Documents

orientation slide

d slide

b slide

e slide

f slide

j slide

h slide

g slide