chapter 12 blood edited by dr. ryan lambert-bellacov
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 12
Blood
Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov
Blood
• Average adult body has 8-10 pints of blood
• Function of the blood– Transport
– Regulatory
– Protection
Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov
Blood Composition
• Plasma
• Erythrocytes or red blood cells
• Leukocytes or white blood cells
• Thrombocytes or platelets
Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov
Blood Plasma
• Straw colored
• Comprises about 55% of the blood volume
• Water– 92% of the total volume of plasma
• Plasma proteins– Fibrinogen
– Albumin
– Globulin
Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov
Blood Plasma
• Nutrients
• Electrolytes
• Hormones, vitamins, and enzymes
• Metabolic waste products
Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov
Red Blood Cells (RBCs)
• Hematopoiesis is the formation of all blood cells
• Occurs in the red bone marrow
• Certain lymphatic tissue produces some white blood cells
• Develop from stem cells
Erythropoiesis
• The manufacture of red blood cells (RBCs)
• RBCs live about 120 days
• Process of development and breakdown
• Normal ranges
Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov
Hemoglobin
• Erythrocytes contain a red pigment called hemoglobin
• Made of protein molecule called globin and an iron compound called heme
• Function of RBCs
• Normal ranges
• Hemolysis
Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov
White Blood Cells (WBCs)
• Called leukocytes
• Natural defense against injury and disease
• Types of leukocytes– Granulocytes
– Agranulocytes
• Diapedesis
• Normal ranges
Types of WBCs – Granulocytes
• Made from cells called myeloblasts
• Neutrophils
• Eosinophils
• Basophils
Types of WBCs – Agranulocytes
• Lymphocytes– B-lymphocytes
– T-lymphocytes
• Monocytes
Inflammation
• Occurs when living tissue is damaged in any way
• Signs and symptoms– Redness
– Local heat
– Swelling
– Pain
• The inflammatory process
Thrombocytes (Blood Platelets)
• Function in the initiation of the blood-clotting process
• Normal ranges
• Blood-clotting or coagulation process is complex
Coagulation
• Injury leads to release of serotonin and thromboplastin
• Prothrombin converts to thrombin
• Fibrinogen converts to fibrin
• Clot
• Clotting time norms
Blood Types
• Types– A
– B
– AB
– O
• Antigens and antibodies
Blood Types
• Agglutination
• Recipient and donor matching
• Universal donors
• RH factors
Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov
Blood Norms
• Bleeding time -is a blood
test that looks at how fast small blood vessels close
to stop you from bleeding
• Coagulation time-is a blood test
which measures the time it takes for a clot to form
in the plasma
• Hemoglobin count• Platelet count• Prothrombin time
Blood Norms
Condition Prothrombin time
Partial thromboplastin time
Bleeding time
Vitamin K deficiency
prolonged prolonged unaffected
Disseminated intravascular coagulation
prolonged prolonged prolonged
Haemophilia unaffected prolonged unaffected
Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov
Blood Norms
• Sedimentation rate
• Red blood cell count
• White blood cell count
• Cholesterol level
Disorders of the Blood
• Anemia- low red blood cells
• Iron-deficiency anemia
• Sickle cell anemia
Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov
Disorders of the Blood
• Embolism
• Thrombosis
• Hematoma
Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov
Disorders of the Blood
• Hemophilia- increase clotting time
• Thombocytopenia
• Leukemia
• Multiple myeloma-cancer of the – plasma cells in bone marrow*****
Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov
Disorders of the Blood
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Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov