initial environmental examination · cm thickness. the subproject will include the provision of...

Initial Environmental Examination

October 2019

PHI: Integrated Natural Resources and Environment Management Project

Improvement of Tambingan Farm to Market Road

Prepared by the Municipality of Sabangan, Province of Mt. Province for the Asian Development Bank.

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CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 1 October 2019)

Currency unit Peso (PhP) PhP 1.00 = $0.019

$ 1.00 = PhP 51.83

ABBREVIATIONS

ADB Asian Development Bank BDC Barangay Development Council BLGU Barangay Local Government Unit CNC Certificate of Non-Coverage DA Department of Agriculture DED Detailed Engineering Design DENR Department of Environment and Natural Resources DPWH Department of Public Works and Highways ECA Environmentally Critical Area ECC Environmental Compliance Certificate ECP Environmentally Critical Project EMB Environmental Management Bureau EMP Environmental Management Plan ESS Environmental Safeguards Specialist GRC Grievance Redress Committee GRM Grievance Redress Mechanism IEE Initial Environmental Examination INREMP Integrated Natural Resources and Environmental Management Project IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature LGU Local Government Unit MDC Municipal Development Council MLGU Municipal Local Government Unit MOA Memorandum of Agreement NECA Non-Environmental Critical Area NCIP National Commission on Indigenous Peoples NECP Non-Environmental Critical Project NOL No Objection Letter NPCO National Project Coordinating Office NRM Natural Resources Management OCM Overheard, Contingencies and Miscellaneous PCCP Portland Cement Concrete Pavement PDR Project Description Report PPCO Provincial Project Coordinating Office PO Peoples Organization RPCO Regional Project Coordinating Office SPMU Sub-Project Management Unit SPD Sub-project Proposal Document SPS Safeguard Policy Statement TA-PMIC Technical Assistance – Project Management Implementation Consultant WMPCO Watershed Management Project Coordinating Office

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WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

˚C – Degree Centigrade ha – Hectare km – Kilometer m – Meter

masl – Meter Above Sea Level mm – Millimeter

mg/L – Milligram Per Liter mg/Nm3 – Milligram Per Normal Cubic Meter

ppt – Parts Per Thousand μg/Nm3 – Microgram Per Normal Cubic Meter

µS/cm – Microsiemens/cm

NOTE

In this report, "$" refers to US dollars.

This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................... 1

II. POLICY, LEGAL, AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK ............................................ 2

A. Environmental Clearance Requirements .................................................................... 2

1. Government Environmental Laws, Regulations and Guidelines .............................. 2

2. ADB Environmental Assessment Requirements ..................................................... 5

III. PROJECT DESCRIPTION ......................................................................................... 6

A. Project Overview ........................................................................................................ 6

B. Project Rationale ........................................................................................................ 6

C. Description of the Existing Road ................................................................................. 7

D. Project Location .......................................................................................................... 7

E. Project Development Plan .......................................................................................... 9

1. Project Components ............................................................................................... 9

2. Description of the Project Phases ......................................................................... 12

F. Manpower Requirements ......................................................................................... 14

G. Project Cost .............................................................................................................. 14

H. Project Duration and Schedule ................................................................................. 15

IV. DESCRIPTION OF EXISTING ENVIRONMENT ...................................................... 16

A. Elevation and Slope.................................................................................................. 16

B. Climate ..................................................................................................................... 16

C. Soil Types ................................................................................................................ 17

D. Existing Land Use .................................................................................................... 17

E. Water Sources .......................................................................................................... 18

F. Flora and Fauna Diversity ........................................................................................ 18

1. Flora ..................................................................................................................... 18

2. Fauna ................................................................................................................... 18

G. Socio-Economic Conditions ...................................................................................... 21

1. Population ............................................................................................................ 21

2. Basic Social Services ........................................................................................... 22

3. Economic Status ................................................................................................... 23

4. Income and Expenditures ..................................................................................... 25

5. Present Transport System .................................................................................... 26

V. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES .......... 26

A. Pre-Construction ...................................................................................................... 28

1. Confirmation of no required resettlement, relocations, and compensation ............ 28

2. Identification and prioritization of road selection where re-gravelling will be done . 28

3. Preparation of detailed engineering designs and programs of work ...................... 28

4. Recruitment of workers ......................................................................................... 29

B. Construction ............................................................................................................. 29

1. Construction materials acquisition, transport access, and storage system ............ 29

2. Clearing and removal of obstructions .................................................................... 29

3. Soil erosion ........................................................................................................... 29

4. Ground surface leveling of the existing road ......................................................... 30

5. Civil works ............................................................................................................ 30

6. Implementation of noise and dust control measure ............................................... 30

7. Dust and noise from borrow pits ........................................................................... 30

8. Implementation of spoil management and control measure .................................. 30

9. Solid and liquid construction waste management system ..................................... 31

10. Water Quality ........................................................................................................ 31

11. Construction drainage system .............................................................................. 31

12. Workers health, safety and hygiene ...................................................................... 31

13. Traffic safety and management ............................................................................ 32

14. Ecological environment (Flora and Fauna) ........................................................... 32

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15. Damage to properties ........................................................................................... 32

16. Concrete washout ................................................................................................. 32

17. Use of hazardous substances ............................................................................... 33

18. Public safety ......................................................................................................... 33

C. Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Phase .............................................................. 33

1. Operation of upgraded access road ...................................................................... 33

VI. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION, AND PARTICIPATION ............... 33

A. Stakeholder Consultations ........................................................................................ 33

B. Information Disclosure .............................................................................................. 36

VII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ..................................................................... 36

VIII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ................................................................ 38

A. Implementation Arrangements .................................................................................. 38

B. Environmental Mitigation .......................................................................................... 40

C. Environmental Monitoring ......................................................................................... 59

IX. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ................................................................... 62

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Existing conditions of the farm-to-market road subproject ...................................... 8

Figure 2: Location of the proposed subproject in Tambingan, Sabangan, Mountain Province 9

Figure 3: Design of the riprapping component of the subproject .......................................... 13

Figure 4: Elevation and slope of the subproject ................................................................... 16

Figure 5: Monthly Climate Conditions in the Sabangan Mountain Province ......................... 17

Figure 6: Relative location of the proposed road improvement from the Mount Data ........... 21

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Summary list of ECP Types and ECA Categories ................................................... 2

Table 2: Revised Guidelines for Coverage Screening and Standardized Requirements ........ 4

Table 3: Specifications of the grouted riprap for the subproject ........................................... 11

Table 4: Preliminary cost estimate on major scope works ................................................... 15

Table 5: Indicative Subproject Implementation Schedule .................................................... 15

Table 6: Existing land uses (categories, area and percentage total) .................................... 17

Table 7: List of fauna species that are commonly found in KABAMAAM Watershed Management Unit ............................................................................................................... 19

Table 8. Number of Indigenous People ............................................................................... 21

Table 9: Prevalent illness in the community ........................................................................ 22

Table 10: Agricultural production ......................................................................................... 23

Table 11: Micro-enterprise Institutions in Sabangan, Mt. Province ...................................... 25

Table 12: Household poverty category ................................................................................ 25

Table 13: Household Income .............................................................................................. 26

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Table 14: Assessment of Potential Environmental Impacts ................................................. 27

Table 15: Summary of Stakeholder Views of the Road Improvement in Upper Tambingan, Sabangan, Mt. Province ...................................................................................................... 34

Table 16: Responsibilities for EMP Implementations ........................................................... 38

Table 17: Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan .................................................................. 40

Table 18: Environmental Monitoring Plan ............................................................................ 60

LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix 1. A Copy of the CNC Application ........................................................................ 64

Appendix 2: Minutes of Meeting, Attendance and Photo Documentation of the conducted Barangay Orientation .......................................................................................................... 66

Appendix 3: Barangay Resolution Endorsing the Sub-Project ............................................. 84

Appendix 4: SB Resolution Accepting and Supporting the Sub-project ............................... 85

Appendix 5: Executive Order organizing the Sub-project Management Unit ........................ 86

Appendix 6: Minutes of the Follow-up Public Consultation Meeting ..................................... 89

Appendix 7: Grievance Intake Form .................................................................................... 95

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I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1. This Initial Environmental Examination has been prepared for the Improvement of Tambingan Farm to Market Road (FMR) in Purok Upper Tambingan, Barangay Tambingan, Sabangan, Mountain Province. As one of the projects under the Integrated Natural Resources and Environmental Management Project (INREMP), the subproject will improve the existing farm-to-market road with a total length of 1.57 km, a carriageway of 3.5 m to 4 m, and a 20 cm thickness. The subproject will include the provision of concrete pavement and slope protection i.e. riprapping). The subproject will be implemented by the Local Government Unit (LGU) of Sabangan to be assisted by the Department of Agriculture – Integrated Natural Resources and Environmental Management Project (DA – INREMP) with an estimated amount of PhP 7,850,000.00 for 105 calendar days.

2. The subproject will uplift the economic condition of the community through the provision of all-year-round safe access. It also aims to increase productivity and profit, decrease farm expenses on hauling works, hasten the delivery of agricultural products to market outlets, enable timely transport of farm inputs to production areas, reduce vehicle operating cost and maintenance cost after project implementation and maximize the agricultural potential of the production area after road improvement.

3. The subproject has been categorized by ADB as Environment Category B and this Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) was prepared consistent with the environmental assessment requirements of ADB’s SPS of 2009. The IEE was carried out through screening and analysis of various environmental parameters, field investigations, stakeholder consultations, and review of other road project reports in the Philippines. The IEE covers the general environmental profile of Tambingan and includes an assessment of the potential environmental impacts during different sub-project phases and the formulation of corresponding mitigation measures. The IEE was prepared by the LGU of Sabangan with the cooperation of the Regional Project Coordinating Office (RPCO), Project Management Unit (PMU), Watershed Management Project Coordinating Office (WMPCO) and Peoples Organizations (POs).

4. The subproject is located within forest lands. The Certificate of Ancestral Domain Title (CADT) in Tambingan is still pending due to a lack of funds on the conduct of delineation activities. Major land use along the road improvement project is agriculture which is part of the production forest. None of the subproject roads are located near or within ecologically sensitive areas.

5. The IEE, based on the screening of baseline environment and review of proposed civil works, has not identified any major environmental concerns since all the proposed civil works are only asset preservation of existing roadway and are located within the existing right of way. There will only be localized short-term impacts during construction activities due to the implementation of civil works that will be addressed in the detailed design and through the implementation of the mitigation and monitoring measures specified in the environmental management plan.

6. Three (3) community consultations were conducted by the LGU of Sabangan, Community Environment and Natural Resources Office (CENRO) staff, and Department of Agriculture (DA) INREMP in the preparation of the IPP on October 24, 2018, April 22, 2019, and May 15, 2019. The consultations provided a venue for the discussion of the background of the project, project scope of work, importance of the community consent, right of way, and barangay participatory monitoring and evaluation team, discussion of the ADB Safeguard Policy Statement, social and environmental safeguards, role of the community in

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implementation of the project and compliance to free prior and informed consent. A total of 169 community members (87 males, 82 females), attended all consultations.

7. The consultation confirmed that the Improvement of Tambingan FMR is essential for economic development.

8. A grievance redress mechanism will be established by the LGU of Sabangan before the commencement of site works to ensure that complaints of affected persons and other stakeholders regarding the project’s environmental performance are promptly addressed.

9. The IEE includes an environmental management plan (EMP) which details the mitigation measures, environmental monitoring activities, institutional responsibilities, and environmental management capacity building. The LGU through its Municipal Planning and Development Coordinator and the Municipal Engineer will ensure that relevant EMP provisions are included in bid and contract documents for the detailed design, project supervision, and civil works.

10. During construction, the LGU of Sabangan will monitor the contractor’s environmental performance and over-all EMP implementation. Environmental monitoring reports will be submitted by LGU to the DA-INREMP and ADB and such reports will be posted on ADB’s website for public disclosure.

11. The subproject will directly benefit people located within the barangay providing improved access and economic development. The subproject would also benefit the environment in terms of reduced soil erosion and landslides through slope stabilization measures and construction of retaining structures. Dust generation from the damaged roads will be reduced by the improvement of pavement. Health risks to the roadside communities and damage to the biological environment will be reduced due to pavement improvement and soil erosion control measures.

12. This subproject will have an overall beneficial impact and will have minor negative impacts that will be carefully monitored and adequately mitigated through the implementation of the EMP.

II. POLICY, LEGAL, AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK

A. Environmental Clearance Requirements

1. Government Environmental Laws, Regulations and Guidelines

13. According to the Environmental Management Bureau (EMB) Memorandum Circular 005 - 2014, the environmental category of a project is decided based on the type of the project (whether it falls into ‘Environmental Critical Project’, ECP type), location of the project (whether it falls into ‘Environmental Critical Areas’, ECA category), and size of the project. A summary list of ECPs and ECA categories are presented in Table 1.

Table 1: Summary list of ECP Types and ECA Categories A. List of ECPs

As declared by Proclamation No. 2146 (1981)

1. Heavy Industries – Non-ferrous Metal Industries, Iron and Steel Mills, Petroleum and Petro-chemical Industries including Oil and Gas, Smelting Plants

2. Resource Extractive Industries – Major Mining and Quarrying Projects, Forestry Projects (logging, major wood processing projects, introduction of

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fauna (exotic animals) in public and private forests, forest occupancy, extraction of mangrove products, grazing), Fishery Projects (dikes for/ and fishpond development projects)

3. Infrastructure Projects – Major Dams, Major Power Plants (fossil-fueled, nuclear fueled, hydroelectric or geothermal), Major Reclamation Projects, Major Roads and Bridges

As declared by Proclamation No. 803 (1996) 4. All golf course projects

B. List of ECA Categories - As declared by Proclamation No. 2146 (1981)

1. All areas declared by law as national parks, watershed reserves, wildlife preserves, sanctuaries

2. Areas set aside as aesthetic potential tourist spots

3. Areas which constitute the habitat of any endangered or threatened species of Philippine wildlife (flora and fauna)

4. Areas of unique historic, archaeological, or scientific interests 5. Areas which are traditionally occupied by cultural communities or tribes

6. Areas frequently visited and/or hard-hit by natural calamities (geologic hazards, floods, typhoons, volcanic activity, etc.)

7. Areas with critical slopes 8. Areas classified as prime agricultural lands 9. Recharged areas of aquifers

10.

Water bodies characterized by one or any combination of the following conditions: tapped for domestic purposes; within the controlled and/or protected areas declared by appropriate authorities; which support wildlife and fishery activities

11.

Mangrove areas characterized by one or any combination of the following conditions: with primary pristine and dense young growth; adjoining mouth of major river systems; near or adjacent to traditional productive fry or fishing grounds; areas which act as natural buffers against shore erosion, strong winds and storm floods; areas on which people are dependent for their livelihood.

12. Coral reefs characterized by one or any combination of the following conditions: With 50% and above live coralline cover; Spawning and nursery grounds for fish; Act as natural breakwater of coastlines

14. Based on their type, size and location the projects have been classified into three major groups:

Group I (ECPs): ECPs in either ECAs or NECAs – Environmentally Critical Projects in either Environmentally Critical Areas or Non-Environmentally Critical Areas. These projects require the proponent to submit ‘Environmental Impact Statement’ report to secure ‘Environmental Compliance Certificate’ from DENR’s EMB. Table 2 gives the size of the road and bridge projects that fall in to Group 1.

Group II (NECPs): NECPS in ECAs – Non-Environmentally Critical Projects in Environmentally Critical Areas. These projects require proponent to submit either ‘Initial Environmental Examination’ Report or ‘Project Description Report ‘ (PDR) based on the size of the project (Table 2) to secure either ECC or ‘Certificate of Non-Coverage’.

Group III (Non-Covered Projects): NECPs in NECS – Non-Environmentally Critical Projects in Non-Environmentally Critical Areas. PDR required to be submitted for Enhancement Mitigation Projects for confirmation of benign nature of proposed activity, and Certificate of Non-Coverage (CNC) is required to be secured. All other

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projects shall be at the option of the proponent to prepare a PDR as a basis for CNC, should the proponent opt to secure one.

15. This subproject is an improvement of existing road under the group of Non-ECP. The Certificate of Non-Coverage (CNC) has been applied to the EMB Cordillera Administrative Region on 04 February 2019. A copy of the application and payment is attached in Appendix 1.

Table 2: Revised Guidelines for Coverage Screening and Standardized Requirements

Projects within the INREMP Menu of

Subprojects

Covered (Required to secure ECC) Not covered

(may secure CNC) Project size parameters /

Remarks CATEGORY A: ECP CATEGORY B: Non-ECP CATEGORY D

EIS EIS IEE Checklist Project Description

(Part I only)

3.1Dams, Water

Supply and Flood Control Project

3.1.1DAMS (including those for irrigation, flood control, water source and hydropower projects) including run-of-river type

≥ 25 hectares OR ≥ 20 million m3

>5 hectares but <25 hectares OR >5 million m3 but

<20 million m3

≤5 hectares AND

≤5 million m3 NONE

Reservoir flooded/inundated area or/and water storage

capacity

3.1.2Irrigation projects (distribution system only)

NONE ≥1,000 hectares (service area)

>300 but <1,000

hectares ≤300 hectares Service area

3.1.3 Water Supply Projects (without dam)

NONE

With water source (e.g.

infiltration gallery, etc.) and water

treatment facilities including

desalination, reverse osmosis

(RO)

Level III (Distribution system only)

Level II / Level I Water refilling station

3.4 Roads and Bridges

3.4.2 Roads, widening, rehabilitation and/or improvement

NONE

>50% increase in capacity (or in

terms of length/width)

AND ≥20km, (length with no critical

slope) OR ≥10km (length with

critical slope)

>50% increase in

capacity (or in terms of

length/width) AND

>2km but <20km,

(length with no critical slope) OR

≥10km (length with critical

slope)

>50% increase in capacity (or in terms of length/width) BUT

≤ 2km increase in length

3.4.3 Bridges and viaducts (including elevated roads), new construction

≥10km ≥5km but <10km >50m but

<5km

≤50m Regardless of length for footbridges or for

pedestrian only

3.4.4 Bridges and viaducts (including elevated roads), rehabilitation and/or improvement

NONE

≥50% increase in capacity (or in

terms of length/width) OR

≥10km

>50% increase in

capacity (or in terms

length/width) but <total length of

10km

≤50% increase in capacity (or in terms of length/width) but ≤2km increase in

length

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Projects within the INREMP Menu of

Subprojects

Covered (Required to secure ECC) Not covered

(may secure CNC) Project size parameters /

Remarks CATEGORY A: ECP CATEGORY B: Non-ECP CATEGORY D

EIS EIS IEE Checklist Project Description

(Part I only)

3.6 Buildings including Housing, Storage facilities and Other Structures

3.6.2 Storage facilities with no hazardous or toxic materials.

NONE ≥ 5 hectare >1 hectare

but <5 hectare

≤ 1 hectare

Total/gross floor area including

parking, open space and other areas

2. ADB Environmental Assessment Requirements

16. According to ADB guidelines, the process of determining a project’s environment category is to prepare a Rapid Environmental Assessment screening checklist, taking into account the type, size, and location of the proposed project. Based on ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement 2009 (SPS 2009), a project is classified as one of the three environmental categories (A, B, or C) as follows:

Category A: Projects with potential for significant adverse environmental impacts that are irreversible, diverse or unprecedented. These impacts may affect an area larger than the sites or facilities subject to physical works. An environmental impact assessment is required.

Category B: Projects judged to have some adverse environmental impacts, but of

lesser degree and/or significance than those for category A projects. Impacts are site-specific, few if any of them are irreversible, and in most cases mitigation measures can be designed more readily than for Category A projects. An initial environmental examination (IEE) is required.

Category C: Projects likely to have minimal or no adverse environmental impacts.

No environmental assessment is required although environmental implications are still reviewed.

Category FI: Projects are classified as category FI if they involve investment of

funds to or through a financial intermediary. Where the FI’s investment have minimal or no adverse environmental risks. The FI project will be treated as Category C. All other FI’s must establish and maintain an environmental and social management system and must comply with the environmental safeguards requirements specified in SPS 2009 if the FI’s subprojects have the potential for significant adverse environmental impacts.

17. According to Philippines environmental guidelines, the Project or Subproject can be considered under Group II or III while ADB has categorized the Project as environment Category B. Hence, this IEE has been prepared to meet the requirements of both the ADB and the government. Upon ADB’s receipt of the final IEE from the proponent, this will be publicly disclosed through posting on ADB’s website.

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III. PROJECT DESCRIPTION

A. Project Overview

18. The INREMP, implemented by DENR with funding from Asian Development Bank (ADB), International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), and Climate Change Fund (CCF), addresses the unsustainable watershed management in four (4) priority river basins: (i) the Chico Upper River Basin in the Cordillera Administrative Region, Northern Luzon; (ii) the Wahig–Inabanga River Basin on the island of Bohol in Region 7; (iii) the Lake Lanao River Basin in the province of Lanao del Sur in the Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao; and (iv) the Bukidnon Upper River Basin in Bukidnon and Misamis Oriental provinces in Northern Mindanao (Region 10).

19. The INREMP has four (4) outputs namely: (i) River basin and watershed management and investment plans established; (ii) Smallholder and institutional investments in conservation increased and URB productivity enhanced in the forestry, agriculture and rural sectors; (iii) River basin and watershed management capacity and related governance mechanisms strengthened; and (iv) Project management and support services delivered.

20. Under Output 2, the LGU of Sabangan has proposed the improvement of Tambingan Farm-to-Market Road for Barangay Tambingan, Sabangan, Mountain Province.

21. The subproject aims to provide all-year-round easy and affordable access thereby improving the prompt delivery of basic services, increasing economic opportunities and conditions and uplifts the quality of life of the Purok, the Barangay and the community, and will support the INREMP Natural Resources Management (NRM) activities.

22. To ensure accessibility of communities of basic social services delivery, repair and maintenance of roads, and riprapping are considered as the infrastructure concerns of the community for funding assistance.

B. Project Rationale

23. The National Agenda 2030 particularly dwells on Sustainable Development where no one shall be left behind. It is also geared towards ending poverty where economic, social, and environmental development will be improved and sustained.

24. The municipality of Sabangan has started to align its development program on the improvement of priority access, production and productivity, and efficiency to meet this challenge. One course of action considered was to look into the improvement of FMRs of the municipality which would play a vital role in the rice, vegetable and tourism industry of the community.

25. In the Municipal Development Plan of Sabangan, the improvement of Tambingan FMR is one of the priority subprojects. With the subproject improvement, it will serve as a venue to elevate the living condition and the quality of life of the target community.

26. Barangay Tambingan is one of the rice producers’ barangay in the municipality. The annual production is more or less 36 tons given two harvesting seasons.

27. Likewise, the delivery of basic social services and income-generating opportunities are also limited due to poor road access in the community.

28. The road influence area of the proposed road improvement covers large agricultural production areas and can be a real source of wealth to the farmers if maximized. Because of

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poor accessibility, agricultural activity is limited. Manual hauling of agricultural products is done during harvests. Products are brought to the nearest paved road where these can be loaded in trucks. The delivery of the products can be delayed with high hauling costs. Hence, the proposed improvement plays an important role in the quality of the harvest and the livelihood of the community.

29. This subproject scope of works includes the provision of concreting the road pavement and riprapping of certain sections.

30. With the improved farm-to-market road, the Applai ethnic group will benefit from the subproject. A total of 568 belong to the Applai ethnic group. They are part of the collective group of Indigenous People known as the Igorot people.

C. Description of the Existing Road

31. The improvement of the Tambingan FMR subproject will connect to the junction provincial road going up to Upper Tambingan. It has a total length of 1,570 meters.

32. At present, about 73% of the farm-to-market road stretch is unpaved and not well-maintained while the remaining portion is already cemented (Figure 1). The existing road has a total length of 2.16 km with a carriageway of 4 m. The route will start at the Junction near Provincial Road at station 0+000, and will end at 2+162 (Figure 2). There will be no proposed improvements at stations 0+000 to 0+110, 0+504 to 0+697; and 1+214 to 1+374 since that stations are already cemented with a total length of 590 meters.

33. The existing FMR brings inconvenience to the constituents living in the barangay. It is passable by all kinds of vehicles. However, residents have to spend an hour on foot to enter the purok during the rainy season.

D. Project Location

34. The subproject is located at Barangay Tambingan, Sitio Upper Tambingan, Sabangan, Mt. Province. This barangay is one of the 15 barangays of Sabangan. It has a total land area of 450 hectares. It is bounded on the north by the municipalities of Sagada and Bontoc, on the east by the province of Ifugao and both south and west by the municipality of Bauko. Located about 20 kilometers away from Bontoc and 130 kilometers away from Baguio City. It could be reached through the Halsema Highway passing through the province of Benguet or Bontoc Cervantes road traversing the towns of Tadian and Bauko.

35. The subproject is located within forest lands. The Certificate of Ancestral Domain Title (CADT) in Tambingan is still pending based on the NCIP due to a lack of funds on the conduct of delineation activities. However, the NCIP has issued a Certification Precondition for the subproject.

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Figure 1: Existing conditions of the farm-to-market road subproject

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Figure 2: Location of the proposed subproject in Tambingan, Sabangan, Mountain Province

E. Project Development Plan

1. Project Components

a. Design Consideration

36. The proposed subproject – the Improvement of Tambingan Farm-to-Market Road in Barangay Tambingan connecting to junction Provincial road, has a total length of 1.57 km with a design carriage width of 3.50 m – 4.00 m and 20 cm thickness. The route will start at the junction near Provincial Road at station 0+000 and will end at 2+162. There will be no proposed improvements at stations 0+000 to 0+110, 0+504 to 0+697; and 1+214 to 1+374 since these portions are already cemented with a total length of 590 meters. The proposed carriage width is 4.0 m in most sections but this was reduced to 3.5 m at stations 0+697 – 0+784 and 1+148 – 1+214 (total length of 153 m) to avoid cutting off affected trees at the shoulder. The presence of trees is necessary to serve as a vegetative control measure in minimizing the effects of soil erosion and landslide in the area.

b. Design Specifications

37. The construction works and specification of materials will comply with the engineering and construction standards set-forth by the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) and the National Building Code of the Philippines. Materials as quantified and estimated (cost) are assumed to be available in the locality. Prevailing market price is used to achieve the approved agency estimate which subsequently will be used as basis for the anticipated evaluation of bids, since the construction of the Subproject will be through National Competitive Bidding.

38. The following are the proposed technical specification of the primary construction materials of the subproject:

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Signboard (Marker and Billboard). The standard template of the subproject must conform to the FMB memorandum order dated 28 June 2018.

The subproject tarpaulin design layout, dimension and letter sizes on white background, shall be depicted on a standards billboard measuring 4ft x 8 ft using 1/2 inch thick plywood or tarpaulin of the same size posted on a marine plywood.

The information on the billboard include 1) the logo of the DENR, INREMP and the LGU, 2) the name of LGU as a proponent, 3) the title of the subproject, 4) the project location, 5) contract amount, 6) total project length, 7) project beneficiaries, 8) project contractor, 9) project duration, 10) source of fund, and 11) development partner/s.

For each rural access road, two (2) billboards will be installed, one (1) at the starting point and one (1) at the end point of the subproject.

It must be pointed out that name(s) and or pictures(s) of any public or political figure should not appear in the billboard.

Roadway Excavation. Roadway excavation will include excavation and grading for roadways, parking areas, intersections, approaches, slope rounding, benching, waterways and ditches; removal of unsuitable material from the roadbed and beneath embankment areas; and excavating selected material found in the roadway as ordered by the Engineer for specific use in the improvement. Roadway excavation will be classified as “unclassified excavation”, “rock excavation”, “common excavation”, or “muck excavation” as indicated in the bill of quantities and hereinafter described. Unclassified excavation shall consist of the excavation and disposal of all materials regardless of its nature, not classified and included in the bill of quantities under other pay items. Rock excavation is defined as the excavation of all hard, compacted, or cemented materials that require the use of ripping and excavating equipment larger than defined for common excavation. The excavation and removal of isolated boulders or rock fragments larger than 1 cubic yard encountered in materials otherwise conforming to the definition of common excavation shall be classified as rock excavation. Common excavation is defined as the excavation of all materials that can be excavated, transported, and unloaded using heavy ripping equipment and wheel tractor-scrapers with pusher tractors or that can be excavated and dumped into place or loaded onto hauling equipment by excavators equipped with attachments appropriate to the material type, character, and nature of the materials.

Structural Excavation (Soft Rock). This item shall consist of the necessary excavation provided in the specifications. The backfilling of completed structures and the disposal of all excavated surplus materials, shall be in accordance with the specifications and in reasonably close conformity with the plans or as established by the engineer. Grouted Riprap (Item 503(3) a). This item shall consist of the furnishing and placing of riprap with grout, with or without filter backing, furnished and constructed in accordance with this specification and to the lines and grades and dimensions shown on the plans. The proposed riprap has a total length of 565 meters with a width of 0.50

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to 0.80 m and a height of 2.0 to 2.5 m depending on the specified station. Details are shown in Table 3 and Figure 3. Table 3: Specifications of the grouted riprap for the subproject

Station Length (m) Width (m) Height (m) 0+232 – 0+245 13 0.50 – 0.80 2.5 0+802 – 0+834 32 0.50 – 0.80 2.0 0+904 – 1+042 102 0.50 2.0 1+056 – 1+148 92 0.50 2.0 1+514 – 1+539 25 0.50 2.0 1+602 – 1+640 38 0.50 2.0 1+676 – 1+683 7 0.50 – 0.80 2.0 1+710 – 1+727 17 0.50 – 0.80 2.5 1+754 – 1+948 194 0.50 – 0.80 2.5 1+969 – 2+014 45 0.50 2.0

Total 565 Reinforcing Steel Bar (Item 404). This Item shall consist of furnishing, bending, fabricating and placing of steel reinforcement of the type, size, shape and grade required in accordance with this specification and in conformity with the requirements show on the plans or as directed by the engineer. Structural Concrete (CLASS “A”). This Item shall consist of furnishing, placing and finishing concrete in all structures except pavements in accordance with this Specification and conforming to the lines, grades, and dimensions shown on the Plans. Concrete shall consist of a mixture of Portland Cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, admixture when specified, and water mixed in the proportions specified or approved by the Engineer. Sub-grade Preparation (Item 105). This item shall consist of the preparation of the Sub-grade for the support of overlying structural layers. It shall extend to full width of the roadway. Unless authorized by the Engineer, Sub-grade preparation shall not be done unless the Contractor is able to start immediately the construction of the pavement structure. Where excavation to the finished graded section results in a subgrade or slopes of unsuitable soil, the Engineer may require the Contractor to remove the unsuitable material and backfill to the finished graded section with approved material. The Contractor shall conduct his operations in such a way that the Engineer can take the necessary cross-sectional measurements before the backfill is placed. Sub-base Course (Item 201 (1)). This item shall consist of furnishing, placing and compacting an aggregate Sub-base course on a prepared Sub-grade in accordance with the Specification and the lines, grades and cross-sections shown on the Plans, or directed by the Engineer. Portland Cement Concrete Pavement (PCCP) (Item 311 (1) b). This item shall consist of pavement of Portland Cement Concrete without reinforcement, constructed on the prepared base in accordance with the specification and in conformity with the lines, grades, thickness and typical cross-section shown on the plans.

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2. Description of the Project Phases

a. Pre-Construction Phase/Pre-Development Phase

39. This phase would involve the social preparation (to include organizational strengthening, planning, identification and prioritization of community needs) of the community for the entry of the subproject to the site, conduct of pre-engineering activities covering detailed survey works to determine alignment of roads and canal systems, preparation of the detailed engineering plans and programs of work. A joint site validation was also conducted on October 24, 2018 by representatives from the Barangay Local Government Unit (BLGU), Municipal Local Government Unit (MLGU), DA-INREMP and the Technical Assistance – Project Management Implementation Consultant (TA-PMIC).

40. These activities will be conducted by the proponent technical staff, partner line agencies, community beneficiaries especially the community and contractor.

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Figure 3: Design of the riprapping component of the subproject

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b. Construction Development Phase

41. This phase would involve the mobilization of construction equipment, construction workers and materials to the specific subproject site after which the longer period of actual construction work will commence. The construction phase will end up with the demobilization of construction equipment, workers and other construction paraphernalia from the construction site. Majority of these activities will be undertaken by the contractor and community beneficiaries under the close supervision of the Sub-Project Monitoring Unit (SPMU) most especially by the municipal Engineering Unit.

c. Operation and Maintenance Phase

42. This phase involves the actual maintenance of the rehabilitated access road during its expected economic life. Monitoring tools and parameters will be set forth in the Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) that the LGU and Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) will sign to ensure sustainability of the constructed facility. The specific monitoring items and parameters, location and frequency, monitoring responsibilities and sources of budget are presented in Chapter VIII.

d. Abandonment Phase

43. This phase is included in the project demobilization. The proponent does not intend to abandon any facilities and unserviceable equipment used during construction. The project location will not be abandoned in disorderly condition but instead restored for functional use. Following the completion of the construction, the proponent will dismantle temporary shelters and the construction yard including unserviceable vehicles and equipment.

44. Wastes arising from the abandonment are expected to be minimal. These wastes could include small volumes of left-over sand and gravel, re-bars and other steel materials (i.e., nails and welding roads) and lumber.

F. Manpower Requirements

45. Construction activities will require hiring of skilled and unskilled manpower. It is assumed that some skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled manpower will be available in the area. Skilled manpower not available in the locality may be sourced from other nearby localities. Technical manpower will be a complementation of specialists to be provided by locally known engineering firms.

46. During the construction phase, a workforce consisting of contractual and regular laborers will be employed to carry out the construction of the proposed project.

47. The Contractor shall employ quality and sufficient staff to carry out inspections, testing and monitoring for the project.

G. Project Cost

48. The subproject cost has the total amount of Php 7,850,000.00 which includes the costs for the indirect cost, direct cost (composed of material + labor + equipment) and the Engineering Overhead (composed of Administrative Cost, Management Tools, Survey and Preparation of Plans). The direct cost has the amount of Php 6,192,583.32 while indirect cost (composed of OCM, CP, and Taxes) has the amount of Php 1,657,416.68. The OCM (Overhead, Contingencies and Miscellaneous) and Contractor’s Profit will be 12% and 8% of the Direct Cost, respectively. Other details are presented in Table 3.

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Table 4: Preliminary cost estimate on major scope works Item Description Quantity Unit Amount

1 Provision of Field Office for the Engineering (Rental Basis)

3.65 month 20,695.50

2 Signboard 8 each 12,600.00

3 Occupational Safety and Health Program

3.65 month 100,480.96

4 Mobilization / Demobilization 1 lot 62,956.66 5 Removal of Existing Concrete Pavement 768.40 sqm 78,138.60 6 Roadway Excavation (unclassified) 519.28 cum 79,392.72

7 Sub grade preparation (unsuitable materials)

2,436.1 sqm 42,436.86

8 Structure excavation (Soft Rock) 200.86 cum 44,846.01 9 Grouted Riprap 720.93 cum 2,476,618.04 10 Reinforcing Steel Bar 2,998.61 kg 184,294.57 11 Structural Concrete (Class A) 46.67 cum 410,422.05

12 Portland Cement Concrete Pavement (0.20 m thick)

2,873.5 sqm 4,337,117.23

49. Following the agreed financing mix of the Subproject, 88% of the Total Subproject Cost as presented will be covered by the INREMP equivalent to Php 6,908,000.00 and the remaining 12% will be borne by the proponent LGU (Sabangan, Mountain Province) as cash equity counterpart. The amount of equity counterpart based from the presented Subproject Cost is Php7, 850, 000.00.

H. Project Duration and Schedule

50. The assistance provided by DA-INREMP continued and came up with the prioritization of this project in February 2018, the LGU-SPMU started the preparation and completion of the Sub-project Proposal Document (SPD). The completed SPD will be submitted to them for review and concurrence. When found substantial, it will be endorsed to the ADB for the request of No Objection Letter (NOL) which is targeted on November 2018. During these stages, the Detailed Engineering Design (DED) is simultaneously being prepared by the LGU Engineering Unit and is expected to be final and complete on or before the time of the ADB NOL. The DED shall then be translated into a Bidding Document once the SPD is approved.

51. The procurement period may start on October 2019 and may take months. Since the Subproject is for CY 2019 it is expected to be awarded within the month of January 2019. Construction as indicated in the provided Bar Chart by the SPMU will take four months or 105 calendar days which may start on January 2020 and be completed on May 2020 respectively. After the completion of construction works, the LGU will prepare the completion documents until June 2020 and the turn-over ceremonies shall also take place at the same time. Finally, maintenance and sustainability activities will be performed from October to June 2020 which will include the adaptation of the required MOA for maintenance of the facility. At the same time, Sustainability Training which will be provided and conducted by the Project. See the table for the illustration of the indicative implementation schedule. Table 5: Indicative Subproject Implementation Schedule

Subproject Milestones

2018 2019 2020 S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J

SPD Preparation SPD Review and Approval

DED Preparation Procurement Stage Construction Stage Completion and Turn-over

O&M Activity

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IV. DESCRIPTION OF EXISTING ENVIRONMENT

A. Elevation and Slope

52. Based on a National Mapping and Resource Information Authority document, Lower Tambingan is at 1,060 m asl while 1,451 for Upper Tambingan. In between the two puroks are steep to very steep slopes, scourged by the Bayudan River on the western side and Teganen River on the eastern River on the eastern side. Above these slopes are moderate to rolling terrains.

Figure 4: Elevation and slope of the subproject

B. Climate

53. Barangay Tambingan is generally cold with a temperature of 18 to 20 degrees Celsius. Usually, the months of October to February are windy and the coldest are the months of December to February. The barangay has two pronounced seasons. The rainy season starts in the month of May and ends in October or November while the dry season starts in the month of December and ends in the month of April. Other details are shown in Figure 5.

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Figure 5: Monthly Climate Conditions in the Sabangan Mountain Province

C. Soil Types

54. The soil composition of the municipality ranges from generally loam and undifferentiated types of soil. From the western part of the town comprises the loam type which is suited for agricultural products such as rice and other root crops while the eastern side comprises the undifferentiated soils and under the forest reservation area.

D. Existing Land Use

55. From its total land area of 10,729 hectares, about 6,460 or 60% pine forest comprises the largest part. Its agricultural land measures 744 hectares which is suited for highland commercial crops.

56. The existing land use of Tambingan Sabangan is divided into six categories. Among the six, woodland has the largest percentage in terms of land use while the burial spaces ranked the least. Though agricultural land ranked as the third largest in area still agriculture remains as the primary source of income of residents in the municipality especially those living in the proposed subproject area. Further details are shown in Table 5.

Table 6: Existing land uses (categories, area and percentage total)

Existing Land Uses, Categories, Area

Land Use Categories Existing Land Use % To

Hectares

Woodland 238.05 52.93 Open Grassland 124.02 27.58 Cropland 49.9 11.09 Pastureland 19.9 4.42 Residential 14.9 3.31

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Existing Land Uses, Categories, Area

Land Use Categories Existing Land Use % To

Hectares

Socio-economic and waste 2.9 0.64 Total Land Area 449.67 100

57. Management of forest resources in the olden times was gathered to be minimal. Governed by the “dap-ay” (seat of cultural and religious affairs), residents adhere to the unwritten rules and practice that matured trees are for local use, specifically for residential houses and granaries. Forest by-products for sale were not known then. For firewood’s, cutters harvest the branches.

E. Water Sources

58. A lone major source tapped at Madadlolos Spring supplies the domestic water needs of both Lower and proper Tambingan. It is composed of intake and distribution concrete tanks with G.I distribution lines. From this system, household at Lower Tambingan attained the level III water system while Tambingan proper is at Level II.

F. Flora and Fauna Diversity

59. Again, the proposed subproject falls within and along the KABAMAAM Watershed. The watershed used to have a diverse population of flora and fauna. Several terrestrial vertebrate species were known to thrive in the watershed but many are threatened to extinction because of uncontrolled hunting, conversion of wildlife habitat to agricultural purposes and frequent forest fires in the pine forest. The uncontrolled hunting is best exemplified by the air rifles usually carried by farmers and workers alike when they go to the work place.

60. The proposed road improvement subproject is about 10 km away (based on the last station) from Mount Data National Park boundary and almost 30 km away from the western portion boundary of the Bessang Pass Buffer Zone area (Figure 6). The LGU of Sabangan, DA-INREMP, RPCO, and NPCO technical staff together with its consultants have evaluated that there are no trees on the right of way of the proposed road improvement subproject. It was noted during the field validation conducted on October 24, 2018. Basically, residents maintained the farm to market road by clearing shrubs and grasses so it would be passable all throughout the year. No crops and trees are affected in maintaining the proposed subproject.

1. Flora

61. The variety of plants in the Watershed are wild edible plants, berries, medicinal plants, ornamental plants, mosses, vines, bamboos, trees and others. These are found within the different forest ecosystems in the watershed like the mossy, pine, grasslands and mixed ecosystems. Based on the biological profile, gymnosperms and other non- dipterocarp species are dominant in the watershed.

62. In particular, the barangay is dominantly forest areas and rich flora species. Among those available in the area are: pinit (wild berries), ferns, shrubs, mountain tea, cogons and nging-iyaw (fine, crawling fern-like plants). On the watershed are ngayngay, digway, agubangbang, alumani, pitpitok, binnok, wild bamboos and other wild fruits and wild berries

2. Fauna

63. According to the biological profile prepared by the Protected Areas and Wildlife Services (PAWS) of the DENR-CAR, there are several faunal species that have been

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observed within the watershed. Thirty-seven species are considered endemic to the Philippines, three (3) are classified as exotic, one (1) is considered a migratory, and migrants, and twelve (12) species are distributed in the Philippines, Japan, Korea, Australia, and other countries in the Southeast Asia. The Flame-breasted fruit-dove species is identified within the KABAMAAM Watershed and it is classified as vulnerable species in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List Conservation Status. Likewise, the Bushy tailed-cloud rat (Crateromys schadenbergi) is classified as endangered species found in the watershed. According to the IUCN, “This species is arboreal and occurs in oak-dominated forest where it builds stick-nests in tree crowns for shelter (Oliver et al. 1993, Heaney et al. 1998). It has been said that C. schadenbergi is associated with anthropogenic disturbance but evidence is scanty and anecdotal.” This species is not expected to be found in the existing road. In addition, four (4) fauna species are found which has a near threatened conservation status. The remaining species are categorically having a least concern conservation status.

64. A least concern species is a species which has been categorized by the IUCN as evaluated as not being a focus of species conservation. They do not qualify as threatened, near threatened, or conservation dependent.

65. A variety of fauna species are found in the watershed from birds, mammals, bees, rodents and fresh water resources. These species play a very important role in the maintenance of the food chain and in other life cycles in the ecosystem.

66. Table below shows the list of faunal species that are vulnerable, threatened, endangered, resident, migrant and endemic in the KABAMAAM Watershed Management Unit.

67. In addition, birds of different species and sizes are often sighted particularly during the migratory period every October. Among the birds found in the forests are: adas, boding, kalapati, pingew, tala and eagle.

Table 7: List of fauna species that are commonly found in KABAMAAM Watershed Management Unit

No. Local Name Scientific Name Distribution IUCN Conservation Status*

1 Brown hawk-owl Ninox scutulata Exotic Least concern 2 Luzon Scops-owl Otus longicornis Endemic to Luzon Near Threatened

3 Spotted buttonquail Tunix ocellata

Endemic to the northern Philippines

Least concern

4 Siberian ruby-throat Luscinia calliope Exotic Least concern

5 Scaly ground-thrush

Zoothera dauma Exotic Least concern

6 Luzon bush-warbler Cettia seebohmi Endemic Least concern

7 Long-tailed ground-warbler

Bradypterus caudatus Endemic Least concern

8 Mountain white-eye Zosterops montanus

Native to east Asia including Japan, Indonesia, Korea, and the Philippines

Least concern

9 Short-footed Luzon tree rat

Carpomys melanurus Endemic Data deficient

10 Luzon pygmy fruit bat

Otopteropus cartilagonodus

Endemic Least concern

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Diadem round-leaf bat

Hipposideros diadema

Native in Australia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam.

Least concern

12 Javan pipistrelle Pipistrellus javanicus

Native in South and Southeast Asia

Least concern

13

Least pipistrelle Pipistrellus tenuis

Native in Australia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam.

Least concern

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No. Local Name Scientific Name Distribution IUCN Conservation Status*

14 Luzon shrew Crocidura grayi Endemic Least concern

15 Luzon Cordillera forest mouse

Apomys abrae Endemic Least concern

16 Small Luzon forest mouse

Apomys microdon Endemic Least concern

17 Cordillera shrew-mouse

Archboldomys sp. Endemic Least concern

18 Luzon hairy-tailed rat

Batomys granti Endemic (Cordillera Mountains region of Northern Luzon)

Least concern

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Large Luzon forest rat

Bullimus luzonicus

Endemic found in Aurora, Benguet, and Camarines Sur provinces, and in Balbalasang, Kalinga province.

Least concern

20 Cordillera shrew-rat Chrotomys whiteheadi Endemic Least concern 21 Spiny ricefield rat Rattus argentiventer Native in Southeast Asia Least concern

22 Common Philippine forest rat

Rattus everetti Endemic Least concern

23 Oriental house rat Rattus tanezumi Endemic Least concern

24 Bushy tailed-cloud rat

Crateromys schadenbergi

Endemic in the Central Cordillera of Luzon

Endangered

25 Mt. Data cloud frog Platymantis negrosensis Endemic to Panay and Negros Near Threatened

26 Yellow-belied Whistler

Pachycephala philippinensis

Endemic Least concern

27 Chestnut-faced Babbler

Stachyris whiteheadi Endemic to Luzon Least concern

28 Philippine Bulbul Hypsipetes philippinus Endemic Least concern

29 Mountain Leaf- Warbler

Phylloscopus trivirgatus Native to Indonesia and Malaysia.

Least concern

30 Elegant tit Parus elegans Endemic Least concern

31 Mountain Verditer Flycatcher

Eumyias panayensis Native to the Phillipines and Indonesia

Least concern

32 Brush Cuckoo Cacomantis variolosus

Native to Malesia, New Guinea, the Solomon Islands and northern and eastern Australia.

Least concern

33 Furtive Flycatcher Ficedula disposita Endemic Near Threatened

34 Spotted Wood-Kingfisher

Actenoides lindsayi Endemic Least concern

35 Scaly-feathered Maikoha

Phaenicophaeus cumingi Endemic to the northern Philippines.

Least concern

36

Velvet-fronted Nuthatch

Sitta frontalis

Native in Southern Asia from Nepal, India, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh east to south China and Indonesia.

Least concern

37

Japanese Paradise-flycatcher

Terpsiphone atrocaudata Migratory species, breeding in Japan, South Korea, Taiwan and the far north of the Philippines.

Near Threatened

38 Warbling white-eye Zosterops japonicus

Native to east Asia, including Japan, Indonesia, Korea, and the Philippines.

Least concern

39 White-browed Shortwing

Brachypteryx montana Native in Indonesia and the Philippines. I

Least concern

40 Fire-breasted Flowerpecker

Dicaeum ignipectus Native in South and Southeast Asia

Least concern

41

Greater flameback Chrysocolaptes lucidus

Endemic to the islands of Bohol, Leyte, Samar, Biliran, Panaon, Mindanao, Basilan, and Samal.

Least concern

42 Philippine Scops-Owl

Otus megalotis Endemic Least concern

43 Flame-breasted fruit-dove

Ptilinopus marchei Endemic Vulnerable

Source: PAWS-DENR-CAR, 2014 *Based on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List (www.iucnredlist.org)

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Figure 6: Relative location of the proposed road improvement from the Mount Data National Park and Bessang Pass Buffer Zone areas

G. Socio-Economic Conditions

1. Population

68. As seen in table below, the majority of the IPs in barangay Tambingan belong to the Applai ethnic group. Other ethnic tribe include the Kalinga and Ifugaos.

Table 8. Number of Indigenous People

Ethnic Group Barangay Tambingan Tribal Group Population

Total % Distribution

Applai 568 97.93% Ilocano 6 1.03 Kalinga 1 0.17

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Ethnic Group Barangay Tambingan Tribal Group Population

Total % Distribution

Ifugao 3 0.51 Tagalog 2 0.34

Total 580 100% Source: Tambingan CHARMP2 PPIP

2. Basic Social Services

a. Social Welfare and Development

69. The Municipal Social Welfare and Development Office has three (3) permanent staff, one (1) Municipal Social Welfare and Development Officer, one (1) Social Welfare Officer III, one (1) Social Welfare Officer II and two (2) Job Orders doing clerical work both for social welfare services and nutrition program. As of this writing record shows that they were able to serve a total of 356 clients for the 4Ps Program. Out of which, 57 clients are from Barangay Tambingan.

70. In coordination with the Philippine National Police Child and Women’s Desk Officer, we are happy to report that there are no served children in Need of Special Protection such as violation of R.A. 9165, etc. The 15 barangays have functional day care center with 25-day care workers implementing the early Childhood Care and Development. The implementation of Social Welfare Services and Programs is being fully undertaken.

b. Health Services

71. A rural Health Station is located at Tambingan proper. This health station is headed by a barangay midwife and supported by eight Barangay Health Workers and Health Nutritional Scholars.

72. Environmental sanitation for both Proper and Lower Tambingan is within acceptable standards. Implementing a local ordinance “Batog Mo; Dalus Mo” (your front yard; your cleaning area), wastes carelessly cast are properly disposed by the nearest permanent crops while non-biodegradable which are scarce are burned.

73. The general populace seldom experiences chronic illness as per barangay health record. Weather related illness like colds; cough, influenza and parasitism for children below 2 years old are recorded illnesses.

Table 9: Prevalent illness in the community

Illness Number of cases Affected ages Wounds and injuries 25 All ages Pneumonia 36 6-12 years old ARI 32 5-14 years old Influenza 25 All ages Parasitism 18 1-2 years old

Source: BHW 2010

c. Water

74. A lone major source tapped at Madalolos Spring supplies the domestic water needs of both Lower and proper Tambingan. It is composed of intake and distribution concrete tanks

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with G.I distribution lines. From this system, household at Lower Tambingan attained the level III water system while Tambingan proper is at Level II.

d. Education

75. The municipality of Sabangan is currently hosting nineteen (19) public elementary schools, four (4) public high schools and one (1) private high schools. It occupies a total land area of 17.56 square kilometer scattered in all the 15 barangays. Among the 19 elementary schools, four (4) are primary schools. The largest in area is Tambingan elementary school with area of 16,581 hectares and the least is Legleg primary school at Camatagan with an area of 180 square meters. On the other hand, nearly all of the private elementary and secondary schools have complete facilities. The municipality provided enough Day Care centers. Currently, there are 25 Day Care Centers.

3. Economic Status

a. Agricultural area

76. With the small landholdings for vegetable production, medium scale vegetable producers utilize ricelands during the follow period. Riceland’s are proffered due to the presence of stable source of water.

77. Barangay Tambingan has a total area of 460 hectares that are mostly agricultural and forest land. The forest is the home of many wild animals and rare plants. Barangay Tambingan is one of the producers of vegetable in the municipality of Sabangan where Upper Tambingan is one of its purok. The estimated annual production more or less is 42 tons annually with two harvesting season. They are producing high valued vegetables like cabbage, carrots, beans, bell pepper, tomatoes, Pechay and banana. As to their market, they are bringing their produce in La Trinidad Trading Post in La Trinidad, Benguet where most of the farmers from Benguet and Mountain Province market their products. Truckloads of vegetables are being delivered in La Trinidad.

Table 10: Agricultural production

Product Production area

(ha)

Estimated production in kilogram /Year

Total Commercial use Home use

Rice 15 33,000 33,000 Cabbage 1 16,000 15,500 500 Beans 1.5 6,000 5,000 1,000 Bell pepper 1 13,000 12,700 300 Tomatoes .50 4,000 3,500 500 Pechay 1 1,500 1,000 500 Banana Scattered planting 600 500 100

78. Traditional Faming revolves around two production areas; the Riceland and the ‘’uma’’, each following a different cropping calendar and crops produced. Where the Riceland is devoted mainly for rice, the “uma” generally located at the backyard is mainly for camote, intercropped with corn, peanut, beans and other vegetables. Cropping cycle of Riceland starts in November while April for the “uma”. As common traditional practice on both production areas, the use of fossil fuel-based fertilizers and pest control were never introduced. Fertilization mainly relies on grasses, weeds and decomposed wastes from pigpens, incorporated in the soil during land preparation. On the pest, control, land drying for rice, intercropping for the ‘’uma” and proper seed selection of the traditional plant varieties are practiced.

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b. Agroforestry plantation areas

79. With the good elevation and location of the barangay, high valued vegetables are very much suited for production and this makes high valued vegetables ranks first in terms of area covered which contributes a great number of employments in the locality. All of the nine sitios of Barangay Tambingan namely: (1) King-o-king, (2) Kinggayang, (3) Central Area, (4) Sudan, (5) Tangad, (6) Nakagang, (7) Paliwak, (8) Kabaybayan and (9) Patang are into vegetable production. Aside from vegetable farming, Nakagang nearer at Chico River are into business but having a small area for rice than vegetable, their production is for home consumption only.

80. Despite the surplus of production during wet and dry season in the locality, farmers are encountering so many problems like: (1) transportation, (2) occurrence of pest and diseases, (3) climatic conditions, and (4) lack of capital reducing production area and yield. To enhance the production of vegetables, the DA through the LGU give seeds, equipment’s and facilities under the special program of High Value Crop Development Program, and technical assistance to help farmers.

81. Farmers are selling all their products right after harvest to middlemen or at La Trinidad Trading Post. The proposed FMR project would be a great help to solve their problem on transportation. The existing road can reach the community and even their farms but it is very hard and dangerous to bring their vehicles because of the very rough road situation. This is a great burden to farmers during harvest because they must have to haul their produce in a basket halfway road to the area where the vehicle can manage to enter. During hauling, they cannot avoid that some of the produce will be destroyed affecting the quality that contributes to a lesser price in the market. Income of farmers will be affected. But if the road will be fixed it would be easy for them to market and transport their produce. High expense and labor of our farmers on hauling of inputs being used during planting and the produce during harvest will be minimized.

c. Fisheries

82. In the barangay, tilapia culture is still expanding however, due to lack of skills and technology, fish farming and quality fingerlings production remains very low. The DA-Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources has promoted tilapia as a priority commodity in fisheries to provide job employment and livelihood opportunities among rural fisher folks and fish farmers to increase their income and contribute to food security especially at the household level and assist the fish farmers in accelerating the growth and development of tilapia industry in the locality by supplying quality tilapia fingerlings to fish farmers. Barangay Tambingan having very small rice area are not practicing fish production but they are very willing to make fish tanks so that they can also produce tilapia but the situation of the road is the number one problem. They must have to haul the raw materials for the construction of fish tanks.

83. The river/creeks and rice paddies are the community’s communal fish resources. Previously these are teeming with fishes and crustaceans like eels, crab, frogs, wading and mudfish. Anybody can catch for their home consumption and some make it as a livelihood catching and selling. Today, mosquito fish appear dominant replacing those original species. In like manner, water contamination due to the use of insecticides is a contributory factor to the diminishing status of the original indigenous species that naturally thrive for consumption.

84. In private fishponds and in some rice paddies, people grow tilapia and mud fish. For tilapia, five (5) pieces is equivalent to one kilogram when fully grown. Fish raisers are only those with stable water source that can irrigate both rice paddies and fishponds. With the declining discharge of water source coupled by unpassable access, only few are interested in this activity.

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d. Commerce and industry

85. During peak harvest, local products on vegetables are marketed at the La Trinidad Trading Post, either individually or by groups depending on the volume and load capacity of available vehicles. When production is low, it is either sold at Bontoc Public Market or to the end consumers at Poblacion, Sabangan and at Sagada Poblacion.

86. Food processing of local crops like banana and cassava into bread and other forms exists in Lower Tambingan. These are sold to students as snacks and to the public during occasions.

87. Micro-enterprise and cottage industries currently thriving in the barangay are sari-sari stores, coffee shops, vulcanizing shops, bakery, restaurant and gasoline station generally located at Lower Tambingan.

Table 11: Micro-enterprise Institutions in Sabangan, Mt. Province

Institution Location Purpose

St. Peters Coop Poblacion Providential and productive Sagada Rural Bank Tambingan Productive

Source: HH 2015 survey

e. Tourism

88. The presence of natural resources in various sites can be viewed at the turning point of the proposed subproject in Upper Tambingan. One of which is the mount “Kinggayang” where at this mountain’s top you can also view the different places and the scenic view of the mountains and falls of nearby barangays. One of the scenic moments is to watch the sunrise where you can have a perfect view in the Sitio especially at 5:00 AM.

89. A newly introduced excitement to the local tourism is boating with the use of kayaks along the Chico River. It is around 24 km. Boat ride that starts from the barangay and ends at the provincial capital.

4. Income and Expenditures

90. Based on the Cordillera Highland Agricultural Resource Management Project 2 Participatory Project Investment Plan of Tambingan of 2010-2015 by the Municipality under Municipal Planning & Development, Coordinator Office, the number of households who are categorically “poor” is 569. Details are shown in Table 12. Table 12: Household poverty category

Category Number of

Households Indicators

Not poor 1 Can enjoy luxuries; Stable source of high income Poor 569 Income is for basic existence Very poor 0 Can’t afford to eat 3x a day

Source: MPDO of Sabangan

91. As shown in Table 12, almost all of the households belong to the “poor” category because they cannot afford luxuries and have no stable source of high income. They could not afford to meet the basic household’ needs given the present cost of commodities. This

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perception is also observed to the local community during the validation of the proposed subproject in the community.

92. Majority of the rice-farming households either augment their income as vegetable producers and daily wage earners during off farm season. Between gardening and daily wage, the latter is preferred especially among males since it doesn’t involve risk and capitalization. While among women, pechay in preferred over daily wage. Accordingly, ten (10) bundles of petchay that can be sold in hours in more productive than their daily wage of P150.00 per day. Further details shown below on Table 12.

Table 13: Household Income

Source Cash Non-cash

Rice Farming 1,350.00 Vegetable Farming 1, 250.00 500.00 Daily Wage 2,000.00 GO Employee 15,500.00 Mining 5,000.00 OFW 16,000.00 BHW 1,000.00 Army / Security 16, 500.00 Charcoal Making 700.00 Barangay Official 1,500.00 Business 12,000.00

Source: MPDO (2010 Survey)

5. Present Transport System

93. As of this writing, route going to Barangay Tambingan is through public utility vehicle but not on a regular route and some have their private vehicles. All puroks of Barangay Tambingan can be reached by all types of vehicles but due to poor road condition of some including Purok Upper Tambingan majority will have to walk to reach their residents.

V. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

94. The IEE, based on the screening of baseline environment and review of proposed civil works, has not identified any major environmental concerns due to proposed Improvement of Tambingan FMR given that all the proposed civil works are only asset preservation of existing roadway and are located within existing right of way. There will only be localized short-term impacts during construction activities due to implementation of civil works that will be addressed in the detailed design and through implementation of the mitigation and monitoring measures specified in the environmental management plan. These construction related impacts can be mitigated by (i) the contractors’ work practices, especially those related to the systematized demolition procedure consistent with approved standard safety requirements; (ii) cooperation by the local authorities with the contractor in terms of use of public space and utilities; (iii) project management’s strict enforcement of the correct construction practices and standards; (iv) the incorporation of the EMP including monitoring requirements into the bid documents and specifications; and (v) close monitoring of the contractor’s implementation of the required mitigation measures.

95. Detailed environmental mitigation measures have been prepared for all the identified impacts and presented in the environmental management plan under Chapter VIII.

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96. The potential environmental impacts resulting from implementation of civil works are expected to be minor and likely short-term since the improvement works will involve no widening and alignment adjustments. Potential environmental impacts that could be expected from the Subproject are described in Table 14. Table 14: Assessment of Potential Environmental Impacts

Potential Environmental Impacts or Values the Subproject construction would likely create:

Road Excavation/ Structural

Excavation /

Subgrade Preparation/

Sub-base Course

Portland Cement

Concrete Pavement

Riprapping

Land surface disturbance – surface scrapping, top soil erosion, and vegetative clearing

moderate minor minor minor

Affects temporal water regime: decrease water quantity and quality and flow regularity or seasonality due to altered drainage patterns, water way configuration, sedimentation, turbidity, as well as river flow diversion

minor minor minor minor

Altered or impaired hydrology of the immediate area: increase peak and flood flows and irregular stream flow


Decrease in downstream natural resources’ economic and social values/uses


Decrease site’s attraction in terms of losing some geological or geomorphological values, particularly those of known local, national or international nature conservation importance


Vegetation loss affecting rare species habitats, particularly of known local, national or international nature conservation importance,


Adverse impact on local and transient fauna species (those species whose range may include the project site), particularly those of known local, national or international nature conservation importance.


Bio-invasion of new strain of pests, weeds or rare diseases

none none none none

Frequent incurrence and increased intensity of grassfire

none none none none

Contamination of the immediate and/or broader environment cause by the storage or use of chemicals needed for the construction works


Air particulate emissions which may cause atmospheric / environmental pollution impacting on human health and livelihood at local or larger scale during construction phase


Excessive solid waste accumulation during infrastructure construction

moderate minor minor moderate

Increase in noise and/or vibration during construction


Unnatural lighting effects that may impact upon flora and fauna, or deplete the sense of naturalness of the area

none none none none

Natural landscape fragmentation and discontinuity

none none none minor

Adverse impact on land use and the amenity values of adjacent or downstream areas (including the integrity of agricultural land, or other industry that the local community may depend on)


Adverse impact on existing or potential recreational value and quality of known


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Potential Environmental Impacts or Values the Subproject construction would likely create:

Road Excavation/ Structural

Excavation /

Subgrade Preparation/

Sub-base Course

Portland Cement

Concrete Pavement

Riprapping

traditional experience associated to site natural setting

Adverse impact or alter on-sites’ visual value and its surrounding area -from different vantage points


Rating: None= no adverse impact; Minor= slight negative impact and momentary; Moderate=slight negative impact for a year but not damaging enough to cause ecological, health and economic disturbance.

97. During operation, the project is expected to benefit the environment and socio- economic conditions of the subproject areas through increased delivery of agricultural products, increased tourism, improved access and economic development, reduced dust due to asset preservation, improved road safety due to installation of safety signs, and others.

98. Environmental impacts and proposed mitigation measures during subproject pre-construction, construction and operation phases are described under Chapter VIII. Detailed environmental mitigation measures have been prepared for all the identified impacts and presented in the environmental management plan.

A. Pre-Construction

1. Confirmation of no required resettlement, relocations, and compensation

99. This will be undertaken prior to the commencement of any civil works. The proponent shall conduct consultation meetings with directly affected barangays and concerned POs’ and information awareness campaign regarding subproject location.

2. Identification and prioritization of road selection where re-gravelling will be done

100. Identification and prioritization of road sections will be participated in by the community, particularly women and marginalized sectors. A subproject site validation will be facilitated to ensure that the INREMP validation process on subproject implementation is being complied with and hold consultative meetings with balanced representation of men and women and affected persons on the subproject components and management plan.

3. Preparation of detailed engineering designs and programs of work

101. The detailed engineering designs and programs of work for the subproject will be prepared by the LGU. The detailed designs shall include the identification of spill management prevention and emergency response plans for all construction sites, locate aggregate borrow pits and rock supply areas away from human settlements with fencing and access barriers, and specific plan to notify and provide them schedule to minimize disruption to normal commercial and residential activities.

102. The LGU with assistance from TA-PMIC will ensure that relevant provisions of the EMP in terms of implementation of environmental mitigation measures, monitoring activities, supervision and reporting are included for civil works and construction supervision.

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4. Recruitment of workers

103. The potential impact of the subproject will be hiring of skilled local workers and other unskilled jobs. A robust “local first” hiring policy will be designed and be implemented in coordination with local officials and community leaders especially at the barangay and municipal levels. The Contractor will be required to follow the “local first” hiring policy.

B. Construction

1. Construction materials acquisition, transport access, and storage system

104. The contractors will source construction materials including soil materials and aggregates from licensed sources. Uncontrolled sourcing of such materials could lead to environmental impacts such as the loss of topsoil or the disfigurements of the landscape from borrow pits. Earthen embankments and material stockpiles will be susceptible to erosion, particularly during the rains and re-suspension of dust during the dry seasons.

105. Local roads will be damaged during transportation of borrow materials and by the construction equipment. These roads include those which are leading to the project site. In order to reduce impact on all borrow sites, contractors will water the local roads close to the settlements used by the borrow trucks. As much as possible, contractors will not make use of productive agricultural land. In case this is unavoidable, the contractor will obtain consent from the land owner and will restore the site to its original condition after completion of civil works.

2. Clearing and removal of obstructions

106. The contractor will initiate clearing and removal of obstructions on the existing road which would result to have minor damage landscape. No trees will be affected during site preparation and ground clearing.

107. There are no encroachments of any residential houses or dwellings, businesses, or institutional structures found along the right of way of the proposed improvement of access road. There are no house/ dwelling structures found on these areas. The owners have waived their right to any claim and/ or compensation as evidenced in the signed waivers.

108. The contractor will not use or permit the use of wood as a fuel for the execution of any part of the works, including but not limited to the extent practicable shall ensure that fuels other than wood are used for cooking.

3. Soil erosion

109. Soil erosion and unstable side slopes susceptible to landslides are not noticed along subproject road. The impact of soil erosion and unstable side slope are increased run off and sedimentation causing a greater flood hazard to the downstream, loss of topsoil affects the growth of vegetation that causes ecological imbalances, and development of unsightly cuts and fills that have been riddled by uncontrolled erosion and gullying. Construction activities should be taken up only during dry season.

110. During operation, silt load in the river is expected to be minor due to slope protection structures installed. The contractor will also be required to make additional measures to minimize erosion and landslides during construction phase such as 1) minimize damage and cutting of surrounding vegetation during slope formation, 2) prevent erosion and protect the cut slope with temporary drainage as soon as practicable after cutting, and 3) If new erosion occurs accidentally, back fill immediately to restore original contours.

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4. Ground surface leveling of the existing road

111. During ground surface leveling of the existing road, the potential impacts would be minor and short-termed to the terrestrial resources as well as to the quality of surface water in the river. The contractor will be required to do the following: 1) all construction fluids such as oils, and fuels should be stored and handled away from forested and plantation areas, 2) no waste of any kind is to be discarded on land or in forests/plantations, 3) erosion channels must be built around aggregate stockpile areas to contain rain-induced erosion, 4) earthworks should be conducted during dry periods, 5) no waste of any kind is to be thrown in surface waters, 6) no washing or repair of machinery near surface waters, 7) pit latrines to be located away from surface waters, 8) no unnecessary earthworks in or adjacent to water courses, 9) no aggregate mining from rivers or lakes, and 10) minimize the use of heavy equipment at steep slopes.

5. Civil works

112. Since the subproject will mainly involve concrete pavement (with no road widening), main impacts on land during construction are from air pollution, land and water contamination, and traffic and access problems. The contractor will apply stated mitigating measures during concrete pavement and stone masonry activities such as 1) piling of aggregates at sites should be used/or removed promptly, or covered and placed in non-traffic areas, and 2) all spills should be cleaned immediately and handled as per hazardous waste management plan, and according to government regulations.

6. Implementation of noise and dust control measure

113. During construction, air quality is likely to be degraded by exhaust emissions from the operation of construction equipment, and dust generated from haul roads, unpaved roads, exposed soils and material stock piles.

114. In order to mitigate these, the following will be implemented: 1) regularly water spraying to exposed soil and construction roads, 2) cover or keep moist all stockpiles of construction aggregates, and all truckloads of aggregates, 3) minimize the time for excavations and exposed soil are left open or exposed, 4) backfill immediately after work is completed, 5) restrict working time between 7:00 am and 5:00 pm, 6) maintain equipment in proper working condition, 7) replace unnecessarily noisy vehicles and machinery, 8) vehicles and machinery to be turned off when not in use, and 9) construct temporary noise barriers around excessively noisy activity areas when necessary.

7. Dust and noise from borrow pits

115. Noise and dust may be generated from borrow pits. The contractor will ensure the following mitigating measures: 1) provision of noise control measures such as, use of well-maintained vehicles and equipment, 2) watering of the earth roads close to the settlements, use covered truck, 3) secure appropriate environmental permits prior to use, 4) the borrow and material dumping sites must be access controlled to keep away unauthorized entry of people, grazing cattle and any other stray animals, and 5) protective gear like ear plugs will be provided to operating personnel if they are exposed to uncomfortable noise levels.

8. Implementation of spoil management and control measure

116. The contractor will ensure that there will be no contamination of land and surface waters from excavated spoils, and construction wastes. The uncontaminated spoils will be disposed of in municipal or provincial designated sites, which must never be in or adjacent

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surface water. On the other hand, suspicious contaminated soil will be tested, and disposed of in designated sites identified as per government regulations.

9. Solid and liquid construction waste management system

117. Solid and liquid construction wastes management system will be facilitated to avoid contamination of land and surface water from the construction wastes. The management of general solid and liquid wastes of construction will follow government regulations to include covering, collecting, handling, transporting, recycling, and disposing waste created from construction activities and the work force. A schedule of solid and liquid waste pickup and disposal will be established and followed to ensure construction sites are as clean as possible. All solid wastes will be separated and recyclables be donated to the barangay. There will be no site-specific landfills established by the contractors. All solid waste will be collected and removed from the work camps and disposed in local waste disposal sites.

10. Water Quality

118. The subproject has potential impacts on water quality due to washing of equipment (i.e. vehicles and concrete mixers), and leakage and spills from discharge from worker camps to the water resources. To mitigate, there should be a 1) set up proper and adequate sanitary facilities, 2) ensure strict observance of proper waste handling and disposal and proper sanitation including by the contractors and its workers, 3) provide wastewater treatment facility (e.g., septic tank), and 4) trucks and other vehicle maintenance should be strictly controlled to prevent the discharge of waste into the river system. Wastewater from the construction works containing high concentration of suspended solids should be collected through a sedimentation tank located within the construction bunk house areas. The sedimentation tank is an unlined hole in the ground which will allow the liquid to seep through the soil and the accumulated solids will be scooped out to the sacks. A layer of accumulated solids forms at the bottom of the tank and will be periodically removed.

11. Construction drainage system

119. The contractor shall construct a temporary drainage canal to facilitate drainage and rain water natural channels. The contractor will also provide adequate short-term drainage away from construction sites to prevent ponding and flooding.

12. Workers health, safety and hygiene

120. Construction sites are likely to have public health impacts. Contractors will ensure that no untreated wastewater is discharged in the river and that no site-specific landfills will be established at the construction camps. There will be a potential for diseases to be transmitted, exacerbated by inadequate health and safety practices. The contractor will therefore be required to recruit or designate a health and safety officer to address such concerns in the work sites and liaise/work with the nearby communities.

121. Mitigation measures include: 1) proper fencing, protective barriers, and buffer zones should be provided around all construction sites, 2) sufficient signage and information disclosure, and supervisors and night guards should be placed, 3) worker and public safety guidelines should be followed, 4) provide adequate sanitation and waste disposal at construction sites, 5) the contractor will not hire children and pregnant women, 6) standing water suitable for disease vector breeding should be filled in, 7) worker education and awareness seminars for construction hazards should be given at the beginning of the construction phase. A construction site safety program should be developed and distributed to workers, 8) appropriate safety clothing, footwear, gloves, hard hats, eye protection and other personal protective equipment should be mandatory for all construction workers, 9)

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adequate medical services must be on site or nearby all construction site, 10) drinking water must be provided at all construction sites, and 11) all construction sites should be examined daily to ensure unsafe conditions are removed.

13. Traffic safety and management

122. Throughout the construction period, the contractor should ensure that affected people are provided adequate and safe access to properties (structures, land, etc.). The contractor is responsible for ensuring that all construction vehicles observe speed limits on the construction sites and to provide adequate signage, barriers, and flag persons for traffic control. Sign postings such as ‘men working’, ‘Keep left/right’, ‘construction ahead’, and ‘speed limit’, should be used for traffic management and road safety. As much as possible, road works will be confined to one half of the road width at each section to provide access to pedestrian and vehicles during construction works.

14. Ecological environment (Flora and Fauna)

123. Access road improvement work will directly cause minor degradation of the local ecology through the clearance of small areas of vegetation at major work sites. A short-term impact on ecology along the rehabilitated road is likely to occur in worksites during the construction period due to minor vegetation clearance. Vegetative cover stripped from the locations described above will be kept for slope protection.

124. Meanwhile, the potential impacts from the construction bunkhouse are poaching of edible animals and birds of the locality in spite of prohibitions. The contractors’ will be responsible for providing adequate knowledge to the workers regarding the protection of fauna. In short, all workers will be prohibited from hunting wild animals.

125. It is pointed out that the bunkhouse is only a rest area during daytime work breaks and not a living and sleeping quarter of the workers during the duration of construction.

15. Damage to properties

126. Another potential impact during construction is damaged to properties (structures, irrigation, farmland) and access roads due to civil works, transport of materials and other project-related activities. To address this impact, the contractor will immediately repair and/or compensate for any damage that it causes to properties (houses, farmlands, aquaculture ponds, irrigation canals, and others), community facilities such as water supply, power supply, communication facilities and the like. Access roads used for transport of construction materials and other construction-related activities will be maintained by the Contractor in at least in their pre-project condition for the duration of construction.

16. Concrete washout

127. The discharge of cement-laden water and slurry during concrete mixing may contaminate water resources and damage productive land in the surrounding areas. To mitigate possible effects of cement-laden water and slurry, the Contractor shall 1) collect and retain all the concrete washout water and solids in leak proof containers, so that this does not reach the soil surface and then migrate to surface waters or into the ground water, 2) recycle the collected concrete washout water and solids, and/or 3) use of a washout pit made with a plastic lining that can be dug into the ground or built above grade.

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17. Use of hazardous substances

128. Storage and use of fuel, lubricant and other toxic and hazardous chemicals will have potential impacts on soil surface and groundwater contamination. To address this impact, vehicle maintenance and refueling will be confined to areas in construction sites designed (with concrete flooring, drainage leading to oil and water separator, etc.) to contain spilled lubricants and fuels. Spill waste will be disposed to sites approved by the concerned government agency and following national regulations. Adequate precaution will be taken to prevent oil/lubricant/ hazardous substances contamination of channel beds. Spillage if any will be immediately cleared with utmost caution to leave no traces. All areas intended for storage of hazardous materials will be quarantined and provided with adequate facilities to combat emergency situations such as fire, spills, etc. in compliance with all the applicable statutory stipulation. The personnel in-charge of these sites will be properly trained and these areas will be access controlled and entry will be allowed only under authorization. Hazardous wastes will be collected, stored, transported and disposed consistent with national regulations to ensure that these will not cause pollution of surrounding areas.

18. Public safety

129. Some of the mitigation measures that should be implemented are as follows: To mitigate this impact, the following should be addressed by the Contractor: 1) installation of sturdy fencing around excavation areas and construction sites, 2) provision of proper signage and lighting at night at the periphery of the construction site to warn and direct traffic and pedestrians, 3) deployment of security personnel in hazardous areas to restrict public access, 4) imposition of speed limits for construction vehicles along residential areas and where there are other sensitive receptors, and 5) orientation of drivers on safe driving practices to minimize accidents and to prevent spill of hazardous substances and other construction materials during transport.

C. Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Phase

1. Operation of upgraded access road

130. The operation of the Improvement of Tambingan FMR will have potentials impacts both positive and negative to the area. The negative impacts will directly involve the increased risk of accident or injury, air pollution and noise, and unplanned urbanization. However, the positive impacts will mainly focus on increased delivery of agricultural products, provide access to natural resources management project sites, and open for tourism businesses. To mitigate these impacts, the LGU of Sabangan and other concerned agencies shall initiate and implement the following: 1) set speed limit when passing through populated area, 2) provide appropriate warning signs and lighting, 3) regular removal of debris, logs and other materials along drainage canals to avoid clogging, 4) regular vegetation control along run-off area to ensure free flow, 5) ensure that existing environmental management policies are effectively implemented and proper coordination involves different agencies, 6) adherence to land use and zoning regulations, and 7) promote tourism in the area through advertisement from the local and nationwide venue.

VI. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION, AND PARTICIPATION

A. Stakeholder Consultations

131. The IEE process included stakeholder participation and consultation to help LGUs achieve public acceptance of the Sub-project. A barangay consultation to include neighboring beneficiary barangays was conducted wherein they manifested support for the Improvement

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of Tambingan FMR. (See Appendix 2: Minutes of the Meeting, Attendance and Photo Documentation of the Barangay Consultation)

132. During the consultation meeting, the proponent has made presentation of the subproject describing the objective of the consultations, project description, proposed civil works, and anticipated environmental impacts and their mitigation measures. The consultations went very well and effective and the discussions were documented. The results of the consultation were positive, with local people considering that the road will bring significant economic benefits to the barangays and increase trade flows. Concerns on the subproject mainly revolved on its construction phase which can be mitigated. No long term negative environmental impact assessed by the participants. Majority of the respondents cited ease of transport as one of the direct benefits of the road; majority of them as well are not anticipating any negative impact of the subproject. It would provide easy access in responding to forest fire instead.

133. As a result of the consultation meeting conducted, the barangay council expressed their acceptance and support to the project by executing a resolution endorsing the Improvement of Tambingan FMR. (See Appendix 3: Barangay Resolution Endorsing the Sub-Project).

The LGU of Sabangan expressly showed their interest in all the subprojects of INREMP starting from the pre-implementation phase up to implementation stage. This is manifested in their cooperation and participation during orientation, consultation, planning and training activities. Support from the LGU further heightened with the passing of SB resolution accepting and supporting the rural infrastructure component of the sub-project. (See Appendix 4: SB Resolution Accepting and Supporting the Sub-Project).

134. The LGU passed an executive order to form the SPMU which will be responsible to oversee the different stages of implementation for the sub-project. Such unit consists of members in charge for the social and environmental safeguards and the technical aspects of the sub-project. (See Appendix 5: Executive Order organizing the Sub-Project Management Unit).

135. A follow-up community consultation was conducted to the barangay on April 22, 2019 The meeting was led by the barangay captain Cedric Rommel V. Likigan, together with the DENR staff, and the National Commission on Indigenous People (NCIP) representatives. The consultation aimed to inform the public of the total cost of the project; and present the revised engineering design. The total cost of the project was decreased from ₱10, 000,000.00 to ₱7, 850, 000.00 because there is no enough funds from the LGU. (See Appendix 6).

Table 15: Summary of Stakeholder Views of the Road Improvement in Upper Tambingan, Sabangan, Mt. Province

Date: October 24, 2018

Venue: Barangay Health Station, Upper Tambingan, Sabangan, Mountain Province

Number of Participants: 103

Participating agencies/institutions: MLGU, BLGU, DENR, NCIP, Sabangan Police Office

Questions Beneficiaries Response

Benefits from the road improvement expressed by on-site and off-site stakeholders

The following are the responses of the participants when asked what benefits they’re expecting to gain from the subproject:

- Nalaka ken pumaspas di byahe tan maisimpa han kalsa (Faster transportation of product due to improvement of the road)

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- Ta maiwasan di aksidente nu sin tulong di concrete barrier (Avoidance of accident with the help of concrete barrier)

- Ta adi marigantan di nanabkes, nanakay, aanak ay man byahe (For easier transportation of senior citizen, women and children)

- Gumaget di gardeneroay man garden (farmers will be encouraged to be more productive)

- Maka awis c turista pa-ey ed Mercy Hill (it will attract tourist towards the Mercy Hill)

Beneficiaries Response Project Management Team

Response

Pre – construction phase issues

Baka wada di madalapus ay ka-ew. (There might be trees that will be affected along the proposed FMR)

INREMP PPMO Mt. Province Focal Person Val Degay instructed the LGU to submit letter of request for tree cutting permit if there are any trees to be cut.

Yearly conduct of tree planting to replace the trees that will be cut.

Construction phase issue

Baka ada ti agriri nga akin ka-ew (there might be a complaint from the owners of the trees)

Ti maaramidan ti barangay ket sukatan dagi diay ka-ew nga maputod ti 1 is to 10 trees sin asedeg metlang ay lote. (The BLGU can replace trees that will be cut (one is to ten trees) in its nearby lot) – Barangay Captain Cedric Likigan

Maiclose ti dalan (road close)

Ipakammu nga dagus diay ada ti lugan na ken ti umili (Inform immediately the community and vehicle owners so they can park their car somewhere) – Barangay Captain Cedric Likigan

During implementation

Masapol palawaen han curve area (There must be expansion of the curve area) – Kagawad Bitaga

Santo mi ibaga ken da engr. Bang-ngit datosa sufgestion yo. (Suggestions will be raised to the Municipal Engineering Officer Engr. Bang-ngit for consideration.)

Dapat makabilan barindillas diay pagkurbaan (there must be railings in the curve area)- Ramon Bautista

Noted.

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Dapat makabilan bakod na- (there must be railings) Leonila Wacnang

Noted.

Masapol metlang makabilan imburnal na – Bautista

Noted.

Operation and maintenance phase issues

9 volunteers expressed their willingness to be the Barangay Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation Team

Organizing of the Barangay Participatory Management and Evaluation Team

B. Information Disclosure

136. After study completion, the IEE documenting the mitigation measures and consultation process will be submitted to ADB for posting on their website, DENR-Forest Management Bureau, the Municipality of Sabangan, Mountain Province and the affected Barangay offices, the Provincial Environmental and Natural Resource Officer, and DA - INREMP regional office, which will make them available to the public. More informal and vigorous level of disclosure and consultation will be done during implementation through:

The preparation and dissemination of a brochure in local languages, explaining the affected peoples’ entitlements and the procedures for obtaining compensation for temporary disturbances, trees, crops, and land for construction camps and recording grievances; and

Setting up a formal grievance redress committee with a representation from the

affected people. Field consultant in association with the Contractor will be responsible for managing the effective grievance redress program.

VII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM

137. To provide a venue for resolving grievances and disputes, a Grievance Redress Mechanism must be set up. This will be done to resolve whatever arising disputes as early and as quickly as possible before it could escalate to a level where it is unmanageable.

138. Consultations with stakeholders in regards to the subproject were done. Since, they were conducted smoothly and no adverse or violent reactions have been noted, the LGU will have to anticipate complaints that may arise during project implementation, which are listed below:

a. Road accessibility related grievances – This may include complaints from communities using the roads under repair or construction due to temporary obstruction, which may cause delay in travel time and other inconveniences of the travelling public.

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b. Construction related grievances – Community members may demand to be hired as part of the labor force in the project construction/implementation. This may also include complaints of community members regarding noise, drainage, and etc.

c. Indigenous Peoples related grievances – may come from IPs residing within the influence areas concerned with potential effects to ecological and social resources of their area/abode.

139. If case grievances and disputes do arise, there are existing groups in the area which can be tapped to form part of the grievance redress mechanism (GRM). In fact, different active groups exist in the area such as the Barangay Development Council (BDC) with its Lupon which is mainly in-charge of settling disputes related to barangay administration.

140. The grievance redress committee (GRC) will be chaired by the RPCO head. Members will include the following: (i) designated GRM officer of Provincial Project Coordinating Office (PPCO), (ii) contractor’s highest official at the site such as the Construction Manager or the Construction Superintendent; and (iii) barangay chairperson. For the quick filing of complaints, the GRC will use the attached grievance intake form (See Appendix 7: Grievance Intake Form). The PPCO's GRM officers will be responsible for registration of grievances and communication with the aggrieved party.

141. The steps to be followed in filing complaints and the procedures for redress are the following:

i. complainant will provide the background and file the complaint verbally or in writing to the PPCO, and the PPCO's GRM officer will assist the complainant in filling up the grievance intake form;

ii. within 2 working days, the GRM Officer, contractor’s representative, and complainant will discuss if the complaint can be resolved without calling for a GRC meeting;

iii. within 3 days of lodging the complaint, the PPCO's GRM officer will provide the complainant a written feedback on the process, steps and timeframe for resolving the complaint.

iv. if the complaint cannot be resolved, a GRC meeting with the complainant will be called within 5 working days;

v. the GRC will have 15 working days to resolve the complaint;

vi. the complainant will receive feedback from the PPCO's GRM officer within 5 working days after the various steps of the GRM are completed; and

vii. if unsatisfied with the decision, the existence of the GRC will not impede the complainant's access to the Government's judicial, administrative remedies or through concerned government agencies (e.g., Community Environment and Natural Resources Office and Provincial Environment and Natural Resources Office of DENR, Regional offices of the Environmental Management Bureau, etc.)

142. The GRC will receive, follow-up and prepare monthly reports regarding all complaints, disputes or questions received about the Project and corresponding actions taken to resolve the issues. These reports will be included in the semi-annual environmental monitoring reports to be submitted to ADB.

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143. The Punong Barangay will act as the contact person and the GRM head at the barangay level.

Grievance Among IPs

131. Giving primacy to the traditional conflict resolution system, grievances will be handled following the procedure outlined below. In resolving disputes among the indigenous peoples, the determination or decision is usually reached through dialogue and consensus. There may be several conflict resolution sessions according to the specific tribe’s customary laws before the dispute may be resolve. Thus, there is no clear definite timeline on when the conflict or dispute should be settled at the level of the clan and the Council of Elders.

a. Dispute/grievance will be resolved first among the members of the clan; b. If the said grievance/dispute is not resolved at the clan level, this will be brought to

the level of the Council of Elders (COE); and c. If still unresolved at the COE level, the said dispute/grievance will be submitted to

the NCIP Regional Hearing Officer (RHO), for resolution, where the decision will be final and executory. The dispute/ grievance will be heard and adjudicated in accordance with the Rules on Pleadings, Practice and Procedures before the NCIP.

VIII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

A. Implementation Arrangements

144. Institutions responsible for executing and monitoring the implementation of the EMP are presented in Table 16.

Table 16: Responsibilities for EMP Implementations

Agency Responsibilities LGU of Sabangan, Mt. Province Executing agency with overall responsibility for project construction

and operation thru the Sabangan subproject management unit (SPMU) composed of LGU division heads especially the Municipal Planning and Development Coordinator and the Municipal Engineer.

Ensure that sufficient funds are available to properly implement the EMP

Ensure that Project implementation complies with Government environmental policies and regulations

Ensure that the Project, regardless of financing source, complies with the provisions of the EMP and ADB Safeguard Policy Statement 2009

Obtain necessary environmental approval(s) from the Environmental Management Bureau and/or other concerned government agencies prior to commencement of civil works

Ensure that tender and contract documents for design, supervision and civil works include the relevant EMP requirements

Establish an environmental grievance redress mechanism, as described in the IEE, to receive and facilitate resolution of affected peoples’ concerns

Submit semi-annual monitoring reports on EMP implementation to ADB.

39

Agency Responsibilities DA-INREMP Provide advice to PPMO Safeguards Officer on IEE preparation

Provide advice to PPMO Safeguards Officer on EMP implementation during construction

Monitor progress during construction Consolidate PPMO environmental reporting Provide advice to PPMO Safeguards Officer on EMP

implementation during first year of operation Monitor progress during first year of operation

PPMO and WMPCO Closely monitor contractor’s environmental performance and over-all implementation of the EMP

Prepare semi-annual environmental monitoring reports on status of EMP implementation for submission to ADB

Based on the results of EMP monitoring, identify environmental corrective actions and prepare a corrective action plan, as necessary, for submission to ADB

Responsible for coordinating with EMB, Local Government Units (LGU), and other concerned agencies related to environmental aspects for maintaining project`s compliance with environmental permits.

NPCO Provide guidance and fund allocation

Assist and prepare semi-annual environmental monitoring reports of the subproject.

Closely supervise and monitor the contractor’s implementation of mitigation measures specified in the EMP .

Assist SPMU of Sabangan and WMPCO in preparing semi-annual environmental monitoring reports on status of EMP implementation. Such report will include results of ambient environmental monitoring to be conducted by the contractors.

TA – PMIC Review IEE report and endorsed to ADB for clearance.

Review monitoring reports Contractors Recruit qualified environmental and safety officer before the start

of construction to ensure compliance with environmental statutory requirements, contractual obligations and EMP provisions

Provide sufficient funding and human resources for proper and timely implementation of required mitigation and monitoring measures in the EMP

Implement additional environmental mitigation measures, as necessary, to avoid, minimize and/or compensate for adverse impacts due to construction works and related activities performed by the contractor.

EMB – DENR Review and approve environmental assessment reports required by the Government

Undertake monitoring of the project’s environmental performance based on their mandate

ADB Conduct periodic site visits to assess status of EMP implementation

and over-all environmental performance of the Project Review environmental monitoring reports submitted by the

executing agency to ensure that adverse impacts and risks are properly addressed

Publicly disclose through posting on ADB’s website environmental monitoring reports, corrective action plans, new or updated IEE (if any) prepared by the executing agency during project implementation

40

B. Environmental Mitigation

145. Table 17 presents environmental mitigation measures to address anticipated adverse impacts of the Sub-project. The EMP also shows responsibilities for implementation of mitigation measures and corresponding supervision and monitoring.

Table 17: Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan Project

Component/Activity

Potential Environmental

Impacts

Mitigation Measures

Institutional Responsibilities Cost Estimates

Implementation Monitor

Pre-Construction Phase 1. Confirmation

of no required

resettlement,

relocations,

and

compensatio

n

No negative

environmental

impacts

Conduct

community

consultations

and meetings

with barangay

officials,

concerned POs,

affected

persons,

indigenous

peoples,

ensuring that

there is equal

representation

of women.

Conduct

information

awareness

campaign

regarding

subproject

location.

SPMU

PPMO

2. Identificatio

n and

prioritizatio

n of road

alignment,

conduct

topographi

c survey

and Right

of Way

(ROW)

negotiation

Subproject siting

posing adverse

impact on the

environment and

immediate

surroundings

Lack of

information

and/or low

participation of

the community,

particularly

women,

indigenous

peoples and

marginalized

sectors

ROW conflict

between and

among land

owners

Subproject site validation with following conditions: Ensure that

the

validation

process as

per DENR

NCIP-MOA

on INREMP

implementati

on is being

complied

with

Hold

consultative

meetings

with

balanced

representati

on of men

and women,

indigenous

peoples and

affected

persons on

the

subproject

components

and

SPMU

PPMO

41

managemen

t plan

During the

subproject

conceptualiz

ation and

initial design

stage and

even prior to

finalization

of design,

the

proponent

LGU shall

invite

representati

ves from all

sectors of

the

community,

including the

indigenous

peoples and

equal

representati

on of

women, for

the conduct

of

orientation.

The aim is to

generate

reactions

and

comments

for

integration

into final

subproject

design

Involve

barangay

officials,

indigenous

peoples and

affected

households

in ROW

negotiation

Secure the

waiver of

rights to any

claim/

compensatio

n if there are

any

claimants.

3. Preparation

of detailed

engineering

designs and

programs of

work for the

subproject

Minimize negative

environmental

impacts

Work with proponent LGU RI Engineer for the completion of the proposed upgraded access road detailed designs and to ensure the following

SPMU

PPMO

42

measures are included: Identification of

spill management prevention and emergency response plans for all construction sites;

No disturbance or damage to cultural objects and landmarks;

No or minimal encroachment into agriculture or forested lands.

Locate aggregate borrow pits and rock supply areas away from human settlements with fencing and access barriers;

No or minimal disruption to village water supplies along access roads, utilities, and electricity with contingency plans for unavoidable disruptions;

For local residents: include specific plan to notify and provide them schedule to minimize disruption to normal commercial and residential activities

4. Recruitment

of workers

Gender

discrimination and

tendency to recruit

outsiders

Hire local

workers as

much as

possible, and

give equal

privilege for

women and

indigenous

peoples to get

involved in

selected tasks

appropriate for

them.

During

recruitment of

Contractor SPMU

Part of the Contractor’s

contract

43

construction

workers, the

Contractor

shall ensure

that qualified

community

members, to

include the

indigenous

peoples and

equal

representation

of women are

given priority in

recruitment of

workforce; this

will be

stipulated in

the contract

documents..

Construction Phase Implement construction materials acquisition, transport access, and storage system

Pollution, injury, interrupted usual road use, disrupted access, noise

Procure

construction

materials

from sources

with valid

environment

al

clearances,

i.e. for sand,

gravel and

timber from

those with

valid DENR-

MGB/EMB

permits.

All borrow

pits and

quarries

should be

approved by

Municipal

Engineering

Division.

Select pits and

quarries in

areas with low

gradient and as

close as

possible to

construction

the sites.

Required

aggregate

volumes must

be carefully

calculated prior

to extraction to

prevent

wastage.

Pits and

quarries should

not be located

near surface

waters,

Contractor SPMU

PPMO

DA-INREMP


contract

44

forested areas,

critical habitat

for wildlife, or

cultural objects

and landmarks.

If aggregate

quarrying from

fluvial

environments

is required

small streams

and rivers

should be

used, and dry

alluvial plains

preferred.

All topsoil and

overburden

removed

should be

stockpiled for

later

restoration.

All borrow pits

and quarries

should have a

fence

perimeter with

signage to

keep public

away.

After use pits

and quarries

should be

dewatered and

permanent

fences

installed with

signage to

keep public

out, and

restored as

much as

possible using

original

overburden

and topsoil.

Unstable slope

conditions

in/adjacent to

the quarry or

pit caused by

the extractions

should be

rectified with

tree planting.

Define &

schedule how

materials are

extracted from

borrow pits and

rock quarries,

transported,

and handled &

stored at sites.

45

Define and

schedule how

fabricated

materials such

as steel, wood

structures, and

scaffolding will

be transported

and handled.

All aggregate

loads on trucks

should be

covered.

Clearing and removal of obstructions

Damage or loss of vegetation and landscape

Contact

PENRO/CENR

O for advice on

how to

minimize

damage to

vegetation

Restrict

vegetation

removal to

within RoWs.

Within RoWs,

minimize land

cover

removals, and

install

protective

physical

barriers around

trees.

All RoWs to be

re-vegetated

and

landscaped

after

construction

completed.

Consult

PENRO/CENR

O to determine

the most

successful

restoration

strategy and

techniques.

Secure tree

cutting permit

from DENR

and PCA.

Secure waiver

of right to any

claim and/ or

compensation

from claimants.

Contractor SPMU

PPMO

DA-INREMP


contract

Implement soil erosion control measures

Land erosion Berms, and

plastic sheet

fencing should

be placed

around all

excavations

and earthwork

areas.

Contractor SPMU

PPMO

DA-INREMP


contract

46

Earthworks

should be

conducted

during dry

periods.

Maintain a

stockpile of

topsoil for

immediate site

restoration

following

backfilling.

Protect

exposed or cut

slopes with

planted

vegetation and

have a slope

stabilization

protocol ready.

Re-vegetate all

soil exposure

areas

immediately

after work is

completed.

minimize

damage and

cutting of

surrounding

vegetation

during slope

formation,

prevent

erosion and

protect the cut

slope with

temporary

drainage as

soon as

practicable

after cutting,

and

If new erosion

occurs

accidentally,

back fill

immediately to

restore original

contours.

Civil works: ground surface levelling and concrete paving of existing road

Degradation of terrestrial and aquatic resources and decreased water quality

All construction

sites should be

located away

from forested

or plantation

areas as much

as possible.

All construction

fluids such as

oils, and fuels

should be

stored and

handled away

from forested

and plantation

Contractor SPMU

PPMO

DA-INREMP


contract

47

areas.

No waste of

any kind is to

be discarded

on land or in

forests/plantati

ons.

Protective

berms, plastic

sheet fencing,

or silt curtains

should be

placed

between all

earthworks and

nearby surface

waters.

Erosion

channels must

be built around

aggregate

stockpile areas

to contain rain-

induced

erosion.

Earthworks

should be

conducted

during dry

periods.

All construction

fluids such as

oils, and fuels

should be

stored and

handled with

extra care

away from

surface waters.

No waste of

any kind is to

be thrown in

surface waters.

No washing or

repair of

machinery

near surface

waters.

Pit latrines to

be located

away from

surface waters.

No

unnecessary

earthworks in

or adjacent to

water courses.

No aggregate

mining from

rivers or lakes.

Implement noise and dust control

Dust and noise Regularly

water spraying

to exposed soil

and

construction

Contractor SPMU

PPMO

DA-INREMP


contract

48

roads.

Cover or keep

moist all

stockpiles of

construction

aggregates,

and all

truckloads of

aggregates.

Minimize the

time for

excavations

and exposed

soil are left

open or

exposed.

Backfill

immediately

after work is

completed.

As much as

possible,

restrict working

time between

07:00 and

17:00, in

particular,

activities such

as pile driving,

etc.

Maintain

equipment in

proper working

condition

Replace

unnecessarily

noisy vehicles

and machinery.

Vehicles and

machinery to

be turned off

when not in

use.

Construct

temporary

noise barriers.

Dust and noise from borrow pits

Air and noise provision of

noise control

measures use

of well-

maintained

vehicles and

equipment,

watering of the

earth roads

close to the

settlements,

use covered

truck,

secure

appropriate

environmental

permits,

the borrow and

material

Contractor SPMU

PPMO

DA-INREMP


contract

49

dumping sites

must be

access

controlled to

keep away

unauthorized

entry of people,

grazing cattle

and any other

stray animals,

and

protective gear

like ear plugs

will be provided

to operating

personnel if

they are

exposed to

noise levels

beyond

threshold

limits.

Implement spoil management and control measure

Contamination of land and surface waters from excavated spoil, and construction waste

Uncontaminate

d spoil to be

disposed of in

government –

designated

sites, which

must never be

in or adjacent

surface waters.

Designated

sites must be

clearly marked

and identified.

Spoil must not

be disposed of

on sloped land,

near cultural

property or

values,

ecologically

important

areas, or

on/near any

other socially

or ecologically

sensitive

feature.

Where

possible spoil

should be used

at other

construction

sites, or

disposed in

spent quarries

or borrow pits.

A record of

type,

estimated

volume, and

source of

disposed

spoil must be

Contractor SPMU

PPMO

DA-INREMP


contract

50

recorded.

Uncontaminate

d spoil to be

disposed of in

government –

designated

sites, which

must never be

in or adjacent

surface waters.

Designated

sites must be

clearly marked

and identified.

Spoil must not

be disposed of

on sloped land,

near cultural

property or

values,

ecologically

important

areas, or

on/near any

other socially

or ecologically

sensitive

feature.

Where

possible spoil

should be used

at other

construction

sites, or

disposed in

spent quarries

or borrow pits.

A record of

type, estimated

volume, and

source of

disposed spoil

must be

recorded.

Contaminated

spoil disposal

must follow

government

regulations

including

handling,

transport,

treatment (if

necessary),

and disposal.

Suspected

contaminated

soil must be

tested, and

disposed of in

designated

sites identified

as per

government

regulations.

51

Before

treatment or

disposal

contaminated

spoil must be

covered with

plastic and

isolated from

all human

activity.

Implement solid and liquid construction waste management system

Contamination of land and surface waters from construction waste

Management

of general solid

and liquid

waste of

construction

will follow

government

regulations to

include

covering,

collecting,

handling,

transporting,

recycling, and

disposing

waste created

from

construction

activities and

the work force.

Disposal areas

for solid and

liquid waste

must be

determined by

the

government.

Disposal of

waste should

be catalogued

for type,

estimated

weigh, and

source.

Construction

sites should

have large

garbage bins.

A schedule of

solid and liquid

waste pickup

and disposal

must be

established

and followed

that ensures

construction

sites are as

clean as

possible.

Solid waste

should be

separated and

recyclables be

sold to buyers

Contractor SPMU

PPMO

DA-INREMP


contract

52

in the

community.

Hazardous Waste Collection,

storage,

transport, and

disposal of

hazardous

waste such as

used oils,

gasoline, paint,

and other

toxics must

follow

government

regulations.

Wastes should

be separated

(e.g.,

hydrocarbons,

batteries,

paints, organic

solvents)

Wastes must

be stored

above ground

in closed, well

labeled,

ventilated

plastic bins in

good condition,

away from

construction

activity areas,

all surface

water, water

supplies, and

cultural and

ecological

sensitive

receptors.

All spills must

be cleaned up

completely with

all

contaminated

soil removed

and handled

with by

contaminated

spoil sub-plan.

Water quality Water and soil set up proper

and adequate

sanitary

facilities,

ensure strict

observance of

proper waste

handling and

disposal and

proper

sanitation

including by

the contractors

Contractor SPMU

PPMO

DA-INREMP


contract

53

and its

workers,

provide

wastewater

treatment

facility (e.g.,

septic tank),

and

trucks and

other vehicle

maintenance

should be

strictly

controlled to

prevent the

discharge of

waste into the

river system.

Wastewater

from the

construction

works

containing high

concentration

of suspended

solids should

be treated

through

sedimentation

tanks.

Implement construction drainage system

Loss of drainage and rain water natural channels

Provide

adequate

short-term

drainage away

from

construction

sites to prevent

ponding and

flooding.

Prevent

borrow pits and

quarries to be

filled with

water. Pump

periodically to

infiltration

areas or

nearby water

courses.

Install

temporary

storm drains or

ditches for

construction

sites

Ensure

connections

among surface

waters (ponds,

streams) are

maintained or

enhanced to

sustain existing

storm water

storage

Contractor SPMU

PPMO

DA-INREMP


contract

54

capacity.

Protect

surface waters

from silt and

eroded soil.

Workers health, safety and hygiene

Land and people proper fencing,

protective

barriers, and

buffer zones

should be

provided

around all

construction

sites,

sufficient

signage and

information

disclosure, and

supervisors

and night

guards should

be placed,

worker and

public safety

guidelines

should be

followed,

provide

adequate

sanitation and

waste disposal

at construction

sites,

the contractor

will not hire

children and

pregnant

women,

standing water

suitable for

disease vector

breeding

should be filled

in,

worker

education and

awareness

seminars for

construction

hazards should

be given at the

beginning of

the

construction

phase. A

construction

site safety

program

should be

developed and

distributed to

workers,

appropriate

safety clothing,

footwear,

Contractor SPMU

PPMO

DA-INREMP


contract

55

gloves, hard

hats, eye

protection and

other PPE

should be

mandatory for

all construction

workers,

adequate

medical

services must

be on site or

nearby all

construction

site,

drinking water

must be

provided at all

construction

sites,

sufficient

lighting be

used during

necessary

night work, and

all construction

sites should be

examined daily

to ensure

unsafe

conditions are

removed.

Traffic safety and management

Land and people All construction vehicles observe speed limits on the construction sites and to provide adequate signage, barriers, and flag persons for traffic control. Sign postings such as ‘men working’, ‘Keep left/right’, ‘construction ahead’, and ‘speed limit’, should be used for traffic management and road safety. As much as possible, road works will be confined to one half of the road width at each section to provide access to pedestrian and vehicles during construction works.

Contractor SPMU

PPMO

DA-INREMP


contract

Ecological environment (Flora and Fauna)

Land poaching of

edible animals

and birds of the

locality in spite

of prohibitions.

providing

adequate

Contractor SPMU

PPMO

DA-INREMP


contract

56

knowledge to

the workers

regarding the

protection of

fauna.

all workers will

be prohibited

from hunting

wild animals.

Damage to properties

Land The contractor will immediately repair and/or compensate for any damage that it causes to properties (houses, farmlands, aquaculture ponds, irrigation canals, and others), community facilities such as water supply, power supply, communication facilities and the like. Access roads used for transport of construction materials and other construction-related activities will be maintained by the Contractor in at least in their pre-project condition for the duration of construction.

Contractor SPMU

PPMO

DA-INREMP


contract

Concrete washout Soil and water contamination

The Contractor shall 1) collect and retain all the concrete washout water and solids in leak proof containers, so that this does not reach the soil surface and then migrate to surface waters or into the ground water, 2) recycle the collected concrete washout water and solids, and/or 3) use of a washout pit made with a plastic lining that can be dug into the ground or built above grade.

Contractor SPMU

PPMO

DA-INREMP


contract

Use of Hazardous Substances

People, land and water

Vehicle maintenance and refueling will be confined to areas in construction sites designed (with concrete flooring, drainage leading to oil and water separator, etc.) to contain

Contractor SPMU

PPMO

DA-INREMP


contract

57

spilled lubricants and fuels. Spill waste will be disposed to sites approved by the concerned government agency and following national regulations. Adequate precaution will be taken to prevent oil/lubricant/ hazardous substances contamination of channel beds. Spillage if any will be immediately cleared with utmost caution to leave no traces. All areas intended for storage of hazardous materials will be quarantined and provided with adequate facilities to combat emergency situations such as fire, spills, etc. in compliance with all the applicable statutory stipulation. The personnel in-charge of these sites will be properly trained and these areas will be access controlled and entry will be allowed only under authorization. Hazardous wastes will be collected, stored, transported and disposed consistent with national regulations to ensure that these will not cause pollution of surrounding areas.

Public safety People installation of

sturdy fencing

around

excavation

areas and

construction

sites,

provision of

proper signage

and lighting at

night at the

periphery of

the

Contractor SPMU

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58

construction

site to warn

and direct

traffic and

pedestrians,

deployment of

security

personnel in

hazardous

areas to restrict

public access,

imposition of

speed limits for

construction

vehicles along

residential

areas and

where there

are other

sensitive

receptors, and

orientation of

drivers on safe

driving

practices to

minimize

accidents and

to prevent spill

of hazardous

substances

and other

construction

materials

during

transport.

Operation of upgraded access road

Increased risk of accident or injury, air pollution and noise. Obstruction of runoff along drainage canals causing runoff overflow leading to erosion of the road Exploitation of natural resources in the area Unplanned urbanization Increased delivery of agricultural products Tourism

Set speed limit when passing through populated area

Provide appropriate warning signs and lighting

Regular removal of debris, logs and other materials along drainage canals to avoid clogging

Regular vegetation control along run-off area to ensure free flow

Ensure that existing environmental management policies are effectively

LGU of Sabangan

WMPCO PPMO DENR DA-INREMP

Part of the proponent obligation

59

C. Environmental Monitoring

146. Table below presents the environmental monitoring activities to be undertaken during various project phases. Monitoring of the contractor’s environmental performance in terms of implementation of mitigation measures during construction phases shall be undertaken by the community at the barangay level, and the NPCO Environmental Safeguard Specialist (ESS). The ESS shall be assisted by TA-PMIC in preparing semi-annual environmental monitoring reports. Such report will be submitted by the proponent to ADB and will be publicly disclosed on ADB’s website. The monitoring reports shall describe in detail the status of EMP implementation and compliance issues as well as corrective actions, if any.

147. The ESS during project implementation will be required to organize a community level environmental monitoring. Prior to commencement of site works, the ESS and Social Safeguard Specialist (SSS) shall undertake consultations with affected residents, barangay and/or officials to encourage them to participate in the community level environmental monitoring program. The locals shall be allowed to freely participate during the environmental monitoring to be conducted by the LGU together with SSS and ESS. The SSS, ESS and WMPCO shall provide orientation on how to undertake monitoring using the Environmental Monitoring Framework shown below:

COMMUNITY LEVEL CONSTRUCTION MONITORING FORM

Subproject Name: Improvement of Tambingan FMR Location: Tambingan, Sabangan, Mountain Province Reporting Period:

Impact/ Mitigation Measures Compliance Attained (Yes, No,

or Partial)

Comment on Reasons for Partial or Non-Compliance

1

2

3

implemented and proper coordination involves different agencies.

Adherence to land use and zoning regulations

Promote tourism in the area through advertisement from the local and nationwide venue.

60

Recommendation/s: Signature:

Date:

Table 18: Environmental Monitoring Plan

Aspects/ Parameters To Be Monitored

Location Means of Monitoring

Monitoring Frequency

Monitoring Responsibility

Monitoring Cost

Pre-Construction Phase

Siting of subproject Tambingan, Sitio Upper Tambingan

Original field work, literature survey, community consultations

Once

SPMU, WMPCO, RPMO with SSE and ESS

INREMP Project Cost

Inclusiveness of community participation

Tambingan, Sitio Upper Tambingan

Field work, community consultations

Once

SPMU, WMPCO, RPMO, NCIP with SSE and ESS

INREMP Project Cost

Compliance with mitigation measures set out in the Environmental Mitigation Plan


Site inspection Monthly


INREMP Project Cost

Construction Phase

Nuisance caused by construction activities (dust particulates, noise level, traffic congestion)


· Visual observations to assess impacts on air quality (dust emission) · Interviews with communities (noise, projectrelated complaints)

Daily monitoring through observations at construction site.


INREMP Project Cost

61

Water contamination (presence of grease, amount of suspended solids)


Visual observations to assess impacts on surface water quality (evidence of siltation from construction activities)

Monitoring to be done during excavation works especially after heavy rains


INREMP Project Cost

Compliance with mitigation measures set out in the Environmental Mitigation Plan


Site inspection Monthly


INREMP Project Cost

Operation and Maintenance of Upgraded Road

Overall compliance to O&M responsibilities and mitigation measures as set out in the Environmental Mitigation Plan

LGU of Sabangan, WMPCO, PPMO with SSE and ESS

Regular record keeping.

Continuously SPMU, WMPCO, RPMO, NCIP

INREMP Project Cost

148. The PPCO shall submit the following environmental reporting documentation to ADB:

Environmental Monitoring Reports: Semi-annual environmental monitoring reports will be submitted by PPCO to ADB. The report, which will be prepared by Environmental Social Safeguards (ESS) with assistance for TA-PMIC, will provide the following information:

Background/Context of the monitoring report (adequate information on the

project, including physical implementation progress of project activities, scope of monitoring report, reporting period, and the monitoring requirements including frequency of submission as agreed upon);

Compliance with applicable government laws, regulations and requirements;

Changes in project scope and adjusted safeguard measures, if applicable;

Monitoring parameters/indicators and methods based on the monitoring plan/program in the EMP;

Monitoring results compared against the objectives of safeguards or desired outcomes documented (e.g. environmental impacts avoided or minimized, etc.);

If noncompliance or any major gaps identified, include a corrective action plan;

Records on disclosure of monitoring information to affected communities;

Summary of environmental mitigations and compensation measures implemented;

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Identification of key issues, or complaints from affected people, or recommendations for improvement;

Monitoring adjustment measures recommended based on monitoring experience/trends and stakeholder’s response;

Information about actual institutional arrangement for implementing the monitoring program/plan provided or adjusted, as may be required;

Proposed items of focus for the next report and due date.

Project Completion Report: One (1) year after completion of the construction, the PPCO through its ESS shall submit a Project Completion Report which will include the overall environmental performance of the Subproject.

IX. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

149. The present IEE reviewed the general environmental profile of the subproject, covering 1.57 km farm-to-market road and screened them to assess potential impacts. The IEE reveals that no major negative environmental impacts are likely to occur due to the construction activities and normal operations after the proposed improvement. Implementation of appropriate mitigation measures during construction and operation phases will minimize the negative impacts of the project to acceptable levels. To ensure that these mitigation measures are implemented and negative impacts avoided, the measures will be included in the civil works bid and contract specifications of the project.

150. Rural infrastructures like roads and water supply projects, arguably are vital structures needed to spur economic development in Tambingan, Sabangan, Mountain Province, with full potentials and opportunities owing to its varied development zones and natural resources.

151. The Improvement of Tambingan FMR project for one shall be a crucial infrastructure for uplifting the quality of life of the people by providing an all-year-round easy and affordable access, improving the prompt delivery of basic services and increasing economic opportunities, thus supporting the developing economy of the barangay and eventually the entire municipality.

152. Hence, the subproject will have overall beneficial impact and will have minor negative impacts that will be carefully monitored and adequately mitigated through the implementation of the EMP.

153. The end goal of the proposed improvement of Tambingan FMR is to uplift the economic condition of the community through the provision of all-year-round safe access. It aims to increase productivity and profit, decrease farm expenses on hauling works, hasten delivery of agricultural products to market outlets, enable timely transport of farm inputs to production areas, reduce vehicle operating cost and maintenance cost after project implementation and maximize agricultural potential of the production area after road improvement.

154. The proposed Improvement of Tambingan FMR will boost the economic activities of the influence area. With the subproject, socio-economic services will be easier not only for the public sector but also to private and semi-private providers. Considering the many benefits this subproject provides, implementing the subproject is recommended.

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APPENDICES

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Appendix 1. A Copy of the CNC Application

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Appendix 2: Minutes of Meeting, Attendance and Photo Documentation of the conducted Barangay Orientation

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Drivers group led by Jerry Bindadan, raising his both hands in agreement with the rehabilitation of the road.

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The residents attentively listening to all the discussion of all the presenters.

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Mrs. Wacnang emotionally expressing her frustrations on the recent accident caused by the poor road conditions. Such accidents will be avoided with the rehabilitation.

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Appendix 3: Barangay Resolution Endorsing the Sub-Project

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Appendix 4: SB Resolution Accepting and Supporting the Sub-project

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Appendix 5: Executive Order organizing the Sub-project Management Unit

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Appendix 6: Minutes of the Follow-up Public Consultation Meeting

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Appendix 7: Grievance Intake Form Name of Project, Subproject and Location

Project Rehabilitation of Tambingan FMR welcomes complaints, suggestions, comments and queries regarding the project implementation and its stakeholders. We encourage persons with grievance to provide their name and contact information to enable us to get in touch with you for clarification and feedback. Should you choose to include your personal details but want that information to remain confidential, please inform us by writing/typing "(CONFIDENTIAL)" above your name. Thank you. Top of Form

Contact Information

Name Gender □ Male □ Female

Home Address

Age

Phone No.

City/Province Email

Complaint/Suggestion/Comment/Question Please provide the details (who, what, where and how) of your grievance below:

How do you want us to reach you for feedback or update on your comment/grievance?

Portion to be filled in by PPCO staff (designated Grievance Redress Mechanism Officer):

Date received:

Received through:

__ In person __ mail __ email __ fax __ phone __ sms

Name of staff who received comment/ complaint

Position of staff:

Type of Grievance:

□□

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Remarks

Signature of staff

Updates on the case:

Date: Update Updated by (Name, Signature and Designation)

initial environmental examination · cm thickness. the subproject will include the provision of...

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