High Speed Rail in India, Yes-Yes; No-No

High Speed Rail in IndiaPath aheadBy

A.K. Dutta, Director/Infrastructure, DFCCILB. S. Bodh, GM/ Electrical, DFCCIL

1DFCCILHSR In India WHY ? WHERE ? WHEN ? HOW ?2DFCCILCritical initiatives

Planning policy Route /OD identification Finance ? technology ?

3DFCCILSustainability /viability Case studies DMRCAir port express Connectivity Mega cities ---MDCKMedium distance up to 700 km Dispersed daily demand

User Affordability

4DFCCIL HSR : Already a reality in Spain, France, Germany, China, Japan, Taiwan etc.

China: Incredible growth 2007 to 2011 - 8358 km On 26th Dec 2012 commissioned longest HSR route Length -2298 km Average speed of-300 kmph Stops -35 stops.Scenario World wide5DFCCILCountryIn operationUnder constructionPlannedTotal countryChina45765657290113134Japan26643785833625Spain2056176717025525France189621026164722Germany12853786702333Italy92303951318South Korea41200412USA36209001262Turkey23551016792424

India00495495HIGH SPEED NETWORK -WORLDSource: UIC report Nov 2011; carbon foot print of high speed rail6DFCCIL

HIGH SPEED LINES IN WORLDSource: UIC report Nov 2011; carbon foot print of high speed rail7DFCCIL

World's longest high-speed rail route Beijing to Guangzhou opened on December 26 2012

8DFCCILWHY?9DFCCIL

Why HSR ? Speedy, reliable & affordable transport system as an alternative to air travel for distances 500-1500 km Generate capacity more than air As national pride; join international club of HSR network. Modern age needs; transportation which are Sustainable, Energy efficient & having low carbon emission 10DFCCILWhy India needs HSR?To boost Uniform development of the country

Impact on regional development To create more business & job opportunities in tier II cities.To minimize migration to megacities. Encourage tourism industry. To meet demand for fast and convenient travel due to growth in Economy.

11DFCCILWhy Indian Railways should introduce HSR? Saturated freight & passenger services .

Existing network (local, regional, mid-distance and long distance) has limited capacity to carry more traffic ; cater to growth in population and economy.

Higher speed trains will reduce line capacity for local and regional Express trains as well as for Freight trains.

Too many bottlenecks on existing routes to provide sustained high speed connectivity.

12DFCCILWHERE?13DFCCILSelection of corridor It is an important first step for any HSR project

Preferably radial from mega cities.

Demography: Population & its distribution

Demand

Environmental issues

Entries & exit issues to metros & other mega cities : critical for any HSR 14DFCCIL IR Vision 2020 document has identified following corridors

Delhi-Chandigarh-Amritsar (450km)Pune-Mumbai-Ahmedabad (650km)Delhi-Agra-Lucknow-Varanasi-Patna (991km)Hyderabad-Dornakal-Vijawada-Chennai (664km)Chennai-Bangalore-Coimbatore-TVC (649km)Howrah-Haldia (135km)

To be finalized based upon sound cost benefit and social impact analysis.

Selection of corridor15DFCCILHSR likely projects in IndiaHigh-Speed CorridorRouteSpeedLength (km)Further ExtensionEast IndiaHowrah - Haldia Howrah-Haldia250-300135TBDNorth IndiaDelhi - Patna Delhi-Agra-Kanpur-Lucknow-Varanasi-Patna200 - 350991HowrahDelhi - Amritsar Delhi-Chandigarh-Amritsar450TBDDelhi - Jodhpur Delhi-Jaipur-Ajmer-Jodhpur591TBDSouth IndiaChennai - Bangalore - Trivandrum Chennai-Bangalore-Trivandrum350649Hyderabad - Chennai Hyderabad-Dornakal-Vijayawada-Chennai664Howrah(ViaVisakhapatnam)Thiruvananthapuram - Mangalore Thiruvananthapuram-Mangalore300585UdupiBangalore - Mysore High-Speed Passenger Corridor[17]Bangalore-Mysore350110Not plannedWest IndiaPune - Mumbai - Ahmedabad High-Speed Passenger CorridorPune-Mumbai-Ahmedabad300 - 350650Bangalore16DFCCILHOW?17DFCCIL IR- Way forward To develop existing indentified routes for 160-200 kmph :up gradation possible.

New high speed network required for sustained higher speeds i.e. 300kmph and above.

Compete with air

Also serve mid distance cities, not practical with air. Reduce carbon footprint

18DFCCILAlignment- fencing, speed restriction, level crossing, trespassingTrack & bridge not designed for 200 kmph as yet. Light weight high speed rolling stock designSignaling improvements requiredPower supply strengthening & improvements of OHE dynamics.Better alternative for few routes like Delhi Agra without much investmentUp gradation of existing routes to160-200 kmph * In operation over German, UK, French & European Railways 19DFCCILElevated alignment preferred for India, no trespassing, no level crossing etc. Least ROW required. New design rolling stock New cab signaling for speed guidance for next stop to driver.High capacity traction power supply > 1.2 MVA/ RKM New high speed OHE for minimum contact loss ratio.Creation of new routes for 300 plus kmph20DFCCILTerminals : easily accessible

Connectivity : Smooth transfer for the first & last mile via other rail/ road transport.

Track Alignment: elevated/surface

Track Gauge: BG/Standard

How to achieve successful HSR?21DFCCILFor minimum transit time, alignment should be as straight as possible.

Surface alignment requires fencing

Social obligation has impeded development of Delhi Agra route for 180-200 kmph couple of decades ago.

Elevated alignment preferred for India, no trespassing, no level crossing etc. leaving local community undisturbed.

Least land for ROW required.

How to choose proper alignment22DFCCILWHICH?23DFCCIL Electric traction system ; 25 kV AT feeding system.

Signaling : Cab; for speed guidance of next stop to driver.

Rolling stock : light weight, new design / tilting bogies

Operation : Automatic train control system.

Which technology?24DFCCILElectric traction systemHigh adhesion requirements for sustained high speed.

Expected power density >1.2 MVA/Km.Power required per train would be about 8-15 MW.

From voltage drop, reliability & sustainability point of view, 25kV AT feeding system is only alternative.

25DFCCILElectric traction system All countries worldwide are adopting 2 x25 kV system for their high speed & heavy haul systems.

OHE design to ensure minimum contact loss ratio, smooth OHE pantograph interaction.

Neutral section negotiability

26DFCCIL To negotiate varying gradients & curvatures at high speed

System to be designed to ensure Passenger comfort & minimize

Energy consumption

Green house gas emission

Energy Efficient System 27DFCCILTRAIN CODETRAIN CONSISTENERGY SOURCE MAX. SPEED (km/h)Consumption (kWh)

AVERAGE SPEED (km/h)SPECIFIC ENERGY CONSUMPTIONTGVRP+8T+PElectric3002639260.563.0TGVMP+8T+PElectric3503143291.275.0TGVXP+8T+PElectric5005221339.9123.1GMGL4MElectric5002853396.5112.8Energy Efficient System 28DFCCILMode of travelCarbon foot print in Co2/pkmRoad151.6 gmHigh speed Rail 55 gm ( 11 for SNCF having only 4.7 % coal generation, India 68 % Air164.0 gmCarbon foot print Source : UIC carbon foot print of high sped rail. Nov 2011.29DFCCILTERMINALSTo be designed with a vision Easy accessibility to people Access & transit time significantly lower than air

30DFCCILTurin Porta High Speed New Terminal

New HSR terminal opened in Turin porta nouva, Italy with metro & regional connectivity recently31DFCCILSAFETY Needs Higher standards Accidents have severe impact & attract international criticism. Lesson from high speed accidents Germany : ICE : 200kmph China: Hanchou : 350 kmph Reduced the train speeds temporarily on their HSRRevamped their internal safety organization; Especially trained internal qualified Safety Inspectors introduced. Appointed independent safety assessor to recommend safe operation of their high speed trains.

.32DFCCILICE accident

33DFCCILPassenger comfort

34DFCCILWHEN?35DFCCIL Long gestation project

Needs co operation from stakeholders & local govt.

Cost optimization in design construction and maintenance methodology required.

Favorable Land acquisition bill required.

Implementation challenges 36DFCCIL

Commercial Challenge -Funding WILL at all levelsFunding models to be finalized.Model 1: Govt. as Financier, Developer, Owner, OperatorModel 2 : Operation only with privateModel 3 : PPP : possible mix of public & private parties.Model 4: Soft tied funding: World Bank/ ADB/Japan.Model 5 : Based upon review of financial models being adopted for HSR/Heavy haul rail projects worldwide.

37DFCCIL

STEPS PRIOR TO CONSTRUCTION OF HIGH SPEED LINE Feasibility studies Preliminary project report Administrative approval of the Govt Corridor identification Finalization of route choice Clearance of various Ministries Preliminary project design

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CONCLUSIONS HSR has a large latent demand in India & is superior for distance up to 1500 kms.

It is energy efficient, reliable, sustainable & low carbon emission alternative to air.

First section for HSR should be immediately taken up so as to formalize the parameters

39DFCCIL HSR project will need Political vision Full co operation from stakeholders, Govt. agencies, Collective will & skill of people of India. Sustainable funding solutions

Hope to see HSR a reality in India by 1st Feb 2023 (in 10 years)

CONCLUSIONS 40DFCCILAcknowledgmentSpecial thanks to Shri A.A.Sahay, IRSEE-1958 batch

for his input to the paper

based upon his vast experience of over 50 plus years on IR & foreign railway systems

DFCCIL41Thanks for Your attention42DFCCIL