EXPLORİNG LEARNİNG OBJECTS

Hazırlayan : Hakan Kılınç

DEFİNİNG LEARNİNG OBJECTS

A variety of definitions exist General Characteristics:

digital resources – documents, images, simulations, videos, audios…

in small chunks self-contained (but can be aggregated) reusable Durable (Interoperable, searchable)

shared through metatagging & standards

Metaphors: the atom versus LEGOs™ - David Wiley

TWO GOOD DEFİNİTİONS

David Wiley The fundamental idea behind learning objects

is that instructional designers can build small (relative to the size of an entire course) instructional components that can be reused a number of times in different learning contexts. Additionally, learning objects are generally understood to be digital entities deliverable over the Internet.

Rachel Smith – NMC A learning Object is any grouping of materials

that is structured in a meaningful way and is tied to an educational objective. It is also digital in nature.

EXAMPLES OF LEARNİNG OBJECTS

Multimedia content audio and/or video clips [audio] [video] animations [t-RNA] [Rondas Infantiles][timeline]

Instructional content simulations [Phonetics] Images, charts and maps [Latin American Art] an entire course module

Ethics and Values Canadian Provinces – UWW Flash Project Lecturas paso a paso

Interactive content Tutorials – [Phonetics Vowel chart] Games – [Accounting] [PPT games] [Jeopardy] Role Plays – Interviews – [ sales/marketing class] quizzes/self assessments [art history][vocab]

LEARNİNG OBJECT REPOSİTORİES & FEDERATED SEARCH ENGİNES

MERLOT Multimedia Educational Resource for Learning and Online Teaching [e.g.]

CAREO Campus Alberta Repository of Educational Objects

ADL Co-Labs Advanced Distributed Learning

AEShareNet Splash-POOL Wisc-Online Learning Object Project Apple Learning Exchange Maricopa Learning Exchange CLOE Cooperative Learning Object Exchange

ARIADNE Other Resources

Compilation of Repositories Learning Object Initiative The Instructional Use of Learning Objects

GETTİNG TECHNİCAL

Meta-tagging Identify ownership and characterize the learning

object, rights management

Allows for search and interoperability of the learning objects in various environments

Learning Object repositories (LOR) depend on meta-data to organize learning objects

Metadata Schema specifications IMS, Dublin Core, CanCore….etc

Copyright Mitchell, Lytle, & Farha (2005), extracted from Educause Midwest Regional Conference presentation, 2005.

STANDARDS = INTEROPERABİLİTY

Various standard bodies IEEE LTSC (1996) Learning Technology

Standards Committee (currently LTSC, 2000b) AICC aviation Industry Computer Based Training ARIADNE Alliance of Remote Instructional

Authoring and Distribution Networks for Europe IMS Instructional Management Systems

SCORM Sharable Content Object Reference Model

ADL Advanced Distributed Learning

AUTHORİNG TOOLS COME TO AİD

You do not need to meta-tag your learning objects

Many authoring tools have built-in features to make your LO standard compliant

authoring tools such as Dreamweaver, Lectora, Repositories such as Merlot, CAREO, WFR

For all practical purposes, you may just concentrate on the creation of the objects that can be assembled into D2L or a website for the project

PEDAGOGİCAL AND INSTRUCTİONAL DESİGN ISSUES

Like any other instructional technology, learning objects must participate in a principled partnership with instructional design theory if they are to succeed in facilitating learning

It is very unlikely that the combination of LOs in the absence of instructional theory will result in larger structures that are instructionally useful

A person without an understanding of instructional design has no more hope of successfully combining LOs into instruction than a person without an understanding of chemistry has of successfully forming a crystal

(Wiley, 2002)

A short Video – http://www.wisc-online.com/

PRACTİCAL LEARNİNG OBJECT CONSİDERATİONS

Design to Enable Learning Keep your educational goal in focus Choose meaningful content Consider assessment issues

Envision how the learning object will be used Select appropriate activity structures Present content in meaningful ways

What are your resources Content- rights issue Technical expertise/assistance Time

COPYRİGHT & INTELLECTUAL PROPERTİES CONSİDERATİONS

Using assets Copyright Clearance

Fair Use – not unlimited license

Your own rights Consider Creative Commons

http://www.creativecommons.org

Specify what can be done rather than what cannot be done.

SOME TOOLS TO İNVESTİGATE

Acrobat software Photoshop – [photo gallery] Dreamweaver Hot Potatoes

[crossword] [word order] [fillinblanks] [reading]

StudyMate [loads of examples] PowerPoint Flash [animations] [exercises] MovieMaker Desire2Learn

HOW THE LTC CAN HELP YOU

You are the subject matter expert Design, collect, assemble content pieces

LTC helps you with Instructional design- putting the pieces

together Technical assistance

Document processing, graphics manipulation, website creation, video digitization and editing, flash animation and other programming needs, D2L, repository registration

Advice on authoring tools available