CONDITIONALS BY

CONDITIONALS BYFrancis Jimnez.

-N-

Brandon Cruz. [If / When...Simple Present ...,... Simple Present...]Present Real ConditionalFORM

If they cant find youThey cant wash you.When they cant find youThey cant wash you.2) [... Simple Present ... if / when ... Simple Present ...]

I can write a letter if/when I can hold the pencil.

Example:USE

The Present Real Conditional is used to talk about what you normally do in real-life situations.Examples:

When I have a day off from work, I often go to the beach.

If the weather is nice, she walks to work.

Jerry helps me with my homework when he has time.IMPORTANT

Both "when" and "if" are used in the Present Real Conditional.

"when" suggests that something happens regularly.

"if" suggests that something happens less frequently.

When I have a day off from work, I usually go to the beach.(I regularly have days off from work.)

If I have a day off from work, I usually go to the beach.(I rarely have days off from work.)Examples:Present Unreal Conditional

1. [If ... Simple Past ... , ... would + verb ...]FORM

If I owned a car, I would drive to work.2. [... would + verb ... if ... Simple Past ...]

I would read more if I didn't watch so much TV

EXCEPTION:In the Present Unreal Conditional, the form "was" is not considered grammatically correct.In written English or in testing situations, you should always use "were." However, in everyday conversation, "was" is often used.Examples:I would buy that computer if it was cheaper. Not Correct (But often said in conversation.)I would buy that computer if it were cheaper.Correct

IMPORTANT Only use "If"

In the Present Unreal Conditional only the word "if" is used, because you are discussing imaginary situations.

"When" cannot be used.

Examples:

I would buy that computer when it were cheaper. Not Correct

I would buy that computer if it were cheaper. CorrectEXCEPTION Conditional with Modal Verbs

There are some special conditional forms for modal verbs in English:1. would + can = could2. would + shall = should3. would + may = mightThe words "can," "shall" and "may" cannot be used with "would." Instead, they must be used in these special forms.Examples:

1.

If I went to Egypt, I would can learn Arabic. Not CorrectIf I went to Egypt, I could learn Arabic. Correct

2.

If she had time, she would may go to the party. Not CorrectIf she had time, she might go to the party. CorrectPast UnrealThe Past Unreal Conditional is used to talk about imaginary situations in the past. You can describe what you would have done differently or how something could have happened differently if circumstances had been different.In past unreal conditional sentences the If clause presents the unreal condition.

The result clause presents the unreal or imagined result of that condition.

FORM[If ... Past Perfect ...... would have + past participle ... ][... would have + past participle ... If ... Past Perfect ...]

Examples:

If Ihad owneda car, Iwould have drivento work. But I didn't own one, so I took the bus.

Shewould have traveledaround the world If shehad hadmore money. But she didn't have much money, so she never traveled.

Iwould have readmore as a child If Ihadn't watchedso much TV. Unfortunately, I did watch a lot of TV, so I never read for entertainment.

We can begin past unreal conditional sentences with the If-clause or the result clause. We use a comma between the two clauses when the If-clause comes first.Examples:Roger would never have failed If he had any business sense whatsoever.If Roger had any good business sense, he would never have failed.

An unreal past condition may have a consequence in either thepresentor thepast.

If you had listened to my advice, you wouldn't be in trouble now. (now)If it had rained an hour ago, we would have stayed inside.If it had rained an hour ago, the streets would be wet. (now)

When the result is not certain, use might have or could have in the result clause to express possibility.

Example:If Roger had studied business, he might have been more prosperous.

NegativeThe verbs can be negative in the If-clause, the result clause or both clauses.Examples:If Roger had been smarter, he would not have been so unsuccessful.If Roger hadnt been foolish, he wouldnt have got into trouble.Roger would still be in business If he hadnt been so foolhardy.QuestionThe question is formed only in the result clause, NOT in the If-clause.Examples:If you had seen the problems, what would you have done?If Roger had not seen the problems, would he have changed?Could Roger have made it If he had not had so many problems?

IMPORTANT Only use "If"Only the word If" is used with the Past Unreal Conditional because you are discussing imaginary situations. "When" cannot be used.Examples:I would have bought that computerwhenit had been cheaper.Not CorrectI would have bought that computerIfit had been cheaper.Correct

SubjunctiveFORMUse the simple form of the verb. The simple form is the infinitive without the "to." The simple form of the verb "to go" is "go." The Subjunctive is only noticeable in certain forms and tenses.

USEThe Subjunctive is used to emphasize urgency or importance. It is used after certain expressions (see below).Examples: I suggest that he study. Is it essential that we be there? Dont recommended that you join the committee.NOTICEThe Subjunctive is only noticeable in certain forms and tenses. In the next examples, the Subjunctive is not noticeable in the you-form of the verb, but it is noticeable in the he-form of the verb. Examples: You try to study often. (YOU-FORM OF "TRY) It is important that you try to study often. (SUBJUNCTIVE FORM OF "TRY" LOOKS THE SAME.) He tries to study often. (HE-FORM OF "TRY)It is important that he try to study often. (SUBJUNCTIVE FORM OF "TRY" IS NOTICEABLE HERE.)

Expressions Followed by the Subjunctive. The Subjunctive is used after the following expressions:

It is best (that)It is crucial (that)It is desirable (that)It is essential (that)It is imperative (that)It is important (that)It is recommended (that)It is urgent (that)It is vital (that)It is a good idea (that)It is a bad idea (that)

Examples: It is crucial that you be there before Tom arrives.It is important she attend the meeting.It is recommended that he take a gallon of water with him If he wants to hike to the bottom of the Grand Canyon.