fg0005 energy efficient glazings hsw sd

Energy Efficient Glazing – FG0005

AIA CES Master – Energy Efficient Glazing FG005

PPG Industries Inc. is a Registered Provider with The

American Institute of Architects Continuing Education

Systems. Credit earned on completion of this program will be

reported to CES Records for AIA members. Certificate of

Completion for non-AIA members are available on request.

This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing

professional education. As such, it does not include content

that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or

endorsement by the AIA of any material construction or any

method or manner of handling, using, distributing or dealing in

any material or product. Questions related to specific

materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the

conclusion of this presentation.

Copyright Materials

This presentation is protected by US and International copyright

laws. Reproduction, distribution, display and use of the

presentation without written permission of the speaker is

prohibited.

PPG Industries Inc. 2008

Learning Objectives

By the end of this presentation, you will

understand:

• How low-e coatings work

• The differences between “passive” and “solar control”

low-e coatings

• How the energy, environmental and economic benefits

of low-e glass have been quantified

• The energy impact of various low-e coated glass

through simulation modeling

PercentTransmittance

Wavelength (NM)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

300 500 700 900 1100 1300 1500 1700 1900 2100

UV VISIBLE IR

UV3%

Visible44%

Infrared53%

Spectral distribution of solar energy

at the surface of the Earth

Solar Energy Spectrum

Energy Efficient Glazing

Benefits: Low infrared heat gain

High visible natural light transmittance

Less artificial lighting

Reduction of long wave heat gain/loss

Increased comfort/productivity

Results: Overall reduction in

energy usage



Passive Low-E (pyrolytic, hard coat and MSVD , soft coat)

Solar Control Low-E (mostly MSVD, soft coat)

Non Low-E Glass (coated for tints or reflectivity)

Types of Coated Glass


Passive Low-E: Pyrolytic Coating Process


The Float Glass Process



Pyrolytic Coating (Chemical Vapor Deposition)

Chemically applied or sprayed on hot glass during

manufacturing process (on-line process)

Creates strong thermal bond



Pyrolytic Coating (Chemical Vapor Deposition)

Hard coat

Very durable

Withstands processing

Long shelf life prior to fabrication


Solar Control Low-E: MSVD Coating Process


Solar Control Low-E: MSVD Coating Process

Magnetic Sputtered Vacuum Deposition (MSVD)

Off-line coating process

Coating applied at room temperature

Most solar control low-e glasses are “soft coat”

Must be sealed in IG or laminated unit

Superior solar control performance

Low-E Coatings Role in


Visible Light Transmittance (VLT)



Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC)



Light to Solar Gain (LSG) Ratio:VLT ÷ SHGC = LSG



Winter Nighttime U-Value



Summer Daytime U-Value

DOE Funded LBNL Glazing Study On

“A well-proven window technology to reduce energy costs while

enhancing daylight and view.”

Spectrally Selective Glazings


“Spectrally Selective” vs. Moderate Glazing

Energy Efficient Glass Formula

“Spectrally Selective” = (LSG > 1.25) = Recommended

“Moderate” = (LSG < 1.25) = Not Recommended



“Spectrally Selective” vs. Moderate GlazingLawrence Berkeley National Laboratories (LBNL)

Glass is Spectrally Selective when: VLT SHGC = Light to Solar Gain (LSG) > 1.25

Examples (Spectrally Selective Glass)

Triple-Silver Coated MSVD Coated Glass

64% (VLT) ÷ 0.27 (SHGC) = 2.37 (LSG)

Double-Silver Coated MSVD Glass

70% (VLT) ÷ 0.38 (SHGC) = 1.84 (LSG)

Spectrally Selective Tinted Glass60% (VLT) ÷ 0.40 (SHGC) = 1.50 (LSG)

Examples (Non-Spectrally Selective Glass)

Pyrolytic Low-E (Passive Low-E) Coated Glass74% (VLT) ÷ 0.62 (SHGC) = 1.19 (LSG)





Energy Efficient Glass Formula Spectrally selective glass – VLT SHGC 1.25 LSG

Greatest amount of natural light transmission

Solar heat gain limited

Less need for daytime electrical lighting, saving energy


Wavelength (NM)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

300 500 700 900 1100 1300 1500 1700 1900 2100

UV VISIBLE IR

UV3%

VISIBLE44%

INFRARED53%

Spectral distribution of solar energy

at the surface of the Earth

Solar Energy

Spectrum

Wavelength (NM)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

300 500 700 900 1100 1300 1500 1700 1900 2100

UV VISIBLE IR


Ideal Glass

Solar Energy Transmittance

Emerald Green

Light Green

Blue/Green

Aqua Blue/Aqua Green

Spectrally Selective Tinted

Glazing

Solar Energy Transmittance

Wavelength (NM)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

300 500 700 900 1100 1300 1500 1700 1900 2100

UV VISIBLE IR


Medium Gray

Gray

Bronze

Dark Gray

Darker Gray

“Moderate” Bronze/Gray Glazing

Ideal



Energy and Environmental Performance Criteria for Glazing

Glass Winter

U-Value

VLT SHGC LSG Ratio

Pyrolytic Low-E on Coated

Clear (Passive Low-E)

0.35 74% 0.62 1.19

MSVD Double- Silver

Coated

(Solar Control Low-E)

0.29 70% 0.38 1.84

MSVD Triple-Silver Coated

(Next-Gen Solar Control Low-E)

0.28 64% 0.27 2.37

Spectrally Selective Tinted

Glass

0.47 69% 0.49 1.41



Energy and Environmental Performance Criteria

Glass Type Winter

U-Value

VLT SHGC LSG

Uncoated Glasses

Clear Glass 0.47 79% 0.70 1.13

Ultra-Clear Glass (Low-iron glass) 0.47 84% 0.82 1.02

Blue/Green (Spectrally Selective) Tinted

Glass

0.47 69% 0.49 1.41

Coated Glasses

Pyrolytic Low-E (Passive Low-E) Glass 0.35 74% 0.62 1.19

Triple Silver Solar Control Low-E 0.28 64% 0.27 2.37

Tinted Solar Control Low-E 0.29 51% 0.31 1.64

Subtly Reflective Tinted 0.47 47% 0.34 1.39

Blue/Green Reflective Tinted 0.48 27% 0.31 0.87



Energy and Environmental Performance

Cradle to Cradle Certification, MBDC

The U.S. Green Building Council

Promote energy efficiency and sustainable design

LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) program

LEED credits influenced by glass selection

Energy and Atmosphere (Energy Savings)

Materials and Resources (Recyclability)

Indoor Environmental Quality (Daylighting)

Cradle to Cradle™ Certification

In commercial buildings, up to 30% of electricity is used for interior

lighting.

Industry Background

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Misc.

Refrigeration & Cooking

Water

Exterior Light

Office Equipment

Interior Light

HVAC

Percentage of Electricity Used

Estimated Electricity Usage in Commercial Buildings

• Most buildings in the country are not clad with the most efficient

glass available.

• There are approximately 77.2 billion square feet of built environment in the U.S.

• This figure is expected to climb by another 7 billion square feet (an additional 536,000 buildings) in the next five years.

• If this new development incorporates the most efficient glass technology available, significant upfront and long-term savings will result.



• If all existing buildings and new construction were to use the latest

glazing advancement – triple-silver Low-E glass – 2,134 trillion

BTU’s would be saved annually.

– This is 2% of the total US energy consumption

per year.

– This would save $38 Billion (gas and electric)

per year.

– CO2 emissions would be reduced by 123

million tons/year.

While that is the best-case scenario, the impact triple-silver Low-E

glass can have on energy consumption, economic savings and the

environment is vast.





Performance glazings can significantly affect the

heating, lighting, and cooling costs of a building

Daylighting and Energy Savings

Average savings 44%

$200 per employee

Average savings 52%

$68 per employee



Natural light has been shown to be psychologically beneficial, the

more light, the better

Recent studies link natural light with improved work environments

and increased productivity

Average savings 5.5%

$2,475 per employee




Energy Modeling Real World Energy Savings

Real World Equipment Savings

Real World CO2 Emissions

Energy Simulations DOE 2.2 Building Energy Analysis Simulation

Developed by Lawrence Berkeley and Los Alamos National Labs

Hour-by-Hour Energy Consumption for One Year (8,760 hours)




Energy Modeling

Two Major Building Types

Single-Story Middle School

Eight-Story Office Building

12 North American Cities

Five High-Performance Glazing Types

Window Walls or Punch Windows

Six Glazing Types

New, Triple-Silver MSVD Solar Control Low-E

Two, Double-Silver MSVD Solar Control Low-E

One, Pyrolytic Passive Low-E

One, (standard) Dual-Pane, Spectrally Selective Tint





270,000 square-foot, eight-story

office building

Punched window

Total window area: 33,418 ft2

Total wall area: 56,640 ft2

Window to wall ratio: 59% glass

Window wall




200,000 square-foot, one-story

school

Punched window

Total window area:18,863 ft2



Window wall






Office HVAC equipment

• VAV

• Centrifugal chiller

• Hot water boilers

School HVAC equipment

• Packaged VAV

• DX coils

• Hot water heating

• Gas water heater



Office internal peak loads

• Square ft/occupant: 448

• Lighting: W/sq.ft.: 1.3

• Equipment: W/sq.ft: 0.75

School internal peak loads

• Square ft/occupant: 123

• Lighting: W/sq.ft.: 1.1

• Equipment: W/sq.ft: 0.45

• Total Electric Consumption (kWh)

• Total Natural Gas Consumption (therms)

• Peak Cooling Load (tons)

• Peak Heating Loads (kBtu/hr)

• Total Supply Airflow (cfm)

• Total Electric Cost ($)

• Total Natural Gas Cost ($)

• Total Building Energy Consumption Cost ($)

• Cooling Equipment Capital Cost ($)

• HVAC Equipment Capital Cost ($)

• Total Cooling HVAC Capital Cost ($)



The Variables

• Atlanta

• Boston

• Chicago

• Denver



Mexico City

Ottawa

Philadelphia

Phoenix

Houston

Los Angeles

St. Louis

Seattle

• DOE 2.2

– Calculates hour-by-hour energy consumption of the prototype facility

over an entire year (8,760 hours)

– Uses hourly climate data for any location

– Detailed input provides accurate simulation of building features such as

shading, fenestration, interior building mass, envelope building mass,

and dynamic response of heating and air conditioning systems.

The Simulation Model



• DOE 2.2 energy simulations were developed for each glazing scenario

according to their unique characteristics

• The model ran a simulation for both building types, in all 12 locations, and

for both architectural scenarios (punched windows and window walls)

• The model calculated the effect of each glazing based on the following:

– Building loads

– Cooling equipment size

– Building energy costs

– HVAC Cooling costs

• based on cooling size in tons and total air supply flow into the

building




• Calculating HVAC capital cooling costs

– Calculations were based on peak cooling loads, in tons, for total air

supply into the building.

– Cooling costs were estimated at $1,200 per ton.

– HVAC equipment costs were estimated at $3.50 per cfm airflow.

• Utility rate calculations

– Utility companies for each of the 12 cities provided the latest rate tariffs

for electricity and natural gas.




• Calculating carbon emissions

– Derived using Carbon Dioxide Emissions for the Generation of Electric

Power in the United States, a report published in 2000 by the U.S.

Department of Energy.

*Estimates were used to simplify the model and meta calculations.







Triple-Silver Coated MSVD vs. Dual Pane-Tinted Glass

City Annual HVAC Operating

Expenses

Annual

Savings

Total HVAC Equipment Costs Immediate

Equipment

Savings

1st Year

Savings

Dual-Pane

Tinted

Triple Silver Dual-Pane

Tinted

Triple Silver

Atlanta $680,456 $597,772 $82,684 $2,115,464 $1,697,686 $417,597 $500,281

Boston $853,450 $756,001 $97,539 $2,326,967 $1,928,086 $398,881 $496,420

Based on eight-story glass-walled office building

Total Glass Area: 50,967 ft2

Total Floor Area: 270,000 ft2




Double-Silver Coated Tinted MSVD vs. Dual Pane-Tinted

GlassCity Annual HVAC Operating

Expenses

Annual

Savings

Total HVAC Equipment Costs Immediate

Equipment

Savings

1st Year

Savings

Dual-Pane

Tinted

Triple

Silver

Dual-Pane

Tinted

Triple Silver

Atlanta $681,456 $610,900 $70,556 $2,115,464 $1,772,350 $343,114 $413,680

Boston $853,540 $770,241 $83,299 $2,326,967 $2,003,328 $323,639 $406,938






Energy and Environmental Performance: CO2 reductions

Triple-Silver Coated MSVD vs. Dual Pane-Tinted Glass




City Electricity

(KwH Savings)

Gas

(Therm

Savings)

Annual CO2

Reductions

(Tons)

40-Year CO2

Reductions

(Tons)

Acres of Pine

Forest Preserved

Atlanta 455,841 18,829 417 16,699 124

Boston 432,301 26,618 354 14,163 105

Chicago 434,777 29,644 502 20,087 149

Houston 473,971 14,199 422 16,889 126

Phoenix 469,246 6,170 411 16,451 122

Seattle 328,567 29,588 250 10,018 74



Energy and Environmental Performance: CO2 reductions

Double-Silver Tinted MSVD vs. Dual Pane-Tinted Glass




City Electricity

(KwH Savings)

Gas

(Therm

Savings)

Annual CO2

Reductions

(Tons)

40-Year CO2

Reductions

(Tons)

Acres of Pine

Forest Preserved

Atlanta 377,043 17,176 353 14,138 105

Boston 356,143 24,455 306 12,220 91

Chicago 360,903 27,073 431 17,227 128

Houston 390,425 12,516 352 14,093 105

Phoenix 387,284 5,708 343 13,713 102

Seattle 271,799 26,627 219 8,670 64


Energy Efficient Glazing2nd vs. 3rd Surface

“The general recommendation from the glass industry for commercial buildings is to leave the choice (coating on either #2 or #3 surface) to the glass manufacturer.”(Source: MasterSpec Evaluation Section, Coated Glass.)

“For most commercial buildings, regardless of climate, in which the primary concern is reducing the solar heat gain, the location (coated surface) is of less concern, and placing it on either the second or third surface should remain an option.”



2nd vs. 3rd Surface

Coatings can be applied to the #2 or #3 surface of an insulating glass unit (IGU)

Having the flexibility to coat either the #2 or # 3 surface of an IGU allows for more competitive pricing without dramatically impacting its solar control performance

In some cases, (such as a tinted outdoor lite and a clear indoor lite) applying coatings to the #3 surface instead of the #2 surface permits accelerated product delivery

Learning ObjectivesThis concludes the continuing education portion of the course.

Here is a quick review of the learning objectives.

• How low-e coatings work

• The differences between “passive” and “solar control” low-e coatings

• How the energy, environmental and economic benefits of low-e glass

are quantified

• The energy impact of various low-e coated glass through simulation

modeling

PPG is an industry leader in manufacturing architectural glass, metal coatings

and paint and was the first to provide triple-silver MSVD solar-control Low-E

glass. For more information on the study and its results you can contact PPG

by visiting www.ppgideascapes.com or by calling 1-888-ppg-idea (774-4332).

Thank You

http://www.ppgideascapes.com/

Close/Conclusion

This concludes The American Institute of Architects Continuing

Education Systems Program

Questions?

Thank you for your time.

PPG Industries

• PPG is a global supplier of paints, coatings, optical products, specialty materials, glass and fiber glass

• PPG has manufacturing facilities in 23 countries. The company has operations and equity affiliates in more than 60 countries

• PPG generated revenues of $11.2 billion and invested more than $330 million in research & development

Australia • Argentina • Belgium •

Brazil • Canada • China • England

• France • Germany

Ireland • Italy • Japan • Mexico •

Netherlands • Philippines • South

Korea • Spain

Taiwan • Thailand • Turkey •

United States • Venezuela

Glass

– Worlds Leader in Production of Commercial, Military and General Aviation Glass

Fiberglass

– Electronic Circuit Boards, Recreational Boat Hulls, Tub and Shower Units.

Chemicals

– Pharmaceutical, Agricultural, Plastics, Water Purification, Pulp/paper Manufacturing, Oil Drilling, Aluminum Production

Plastic Photo Chromic Lenses – Transitions

Transportation Coatings

– World’s Number 1 Producer of Transportation Coatings.

– Two of Every Three New Cars on the Road Today in North America Contain PPG Coatings

Industrial Coatings

– Agricultural and Construction Equipment, Automotive Parts and Accessories, Appliance, Coil, Aluminum Extrusion, Wood Flooring, Recreation and Others

Packaging Coatings

– Beverage Can Linings, Packaging Inks

Products

PPG Low-E and

Solar Control Low-E Glasses

Triple-Silver MSVD Coated Solarban® 70XL Solar Control Low-E Glass

Next-generation Solar Control Low-E Glass

Clear glass appearance

Can be combined with tints for enhanced performance

2006 Architectural Record “Green Product of the Year”

Shades of Green Award, Green Building Alliance

LSG of 2.37, highest in the industry

All PPG glasses are Cradle to Cradle Certified

PPG Low-E and


Double-Silver MSVD Coated Solarban® 60 Solar Control Low-E Glasses


Can be combined with tints for enhanced performance

LSG ratio of 1.84 combined with clear glass in a 1” IGU


PPG Low-E and


Double-Silver MSVD Coated Solarban® 80 Solar Control Low-E Glasses

Steel jade exterior appearance

LSG ratio of 1.96 combined with clear glass in a 1” IGU

Can be combined with Optiblue glass

Solarban® z50 Solar Control Low-E Glasses

Variety of tints: steel blue-gray to aqua blue

LSG ratios of up to 1.64

30% better performance than competitive products

Low interior reflectance

Clear, natural outdoor views

Optiblue glass is available only with select Solarban

products through PPG Certified Fabricators.


PPG Low-E and


Pyrolitic Low-E Glass (Passive Low-E) Sungate® 500 Passive Low-E Glass


Almost two decades of proven performance

More than 200 million square feet shipped in last decade

LSG of 1.19 with clear glass in a 1” IGU*

Can be combined with tints for LSG ratios of up to 1.66

* Without tints, this glass does not meet the U.S. DOE criteria for spectrally selectivity


PPG Low-E and


Spectrally Selective Tinted Glasses Oceans of Color™ Spectrally Selective Glass

Atlantica™ Glass (1.50 LSG ratio)

Azuria™ Glass (1.56 LSG ratio)

Caribia® Glass (1.55 LSG ratio)

Solexia™ Glass (1.41 LSG ratio)

Vistacool® Subtly Reflective, Color-Enriched Glasses

Vistacool Azuria (1.61 LSG ratio)

Vistacool Caribia (1.66 LSG ratio)

Vistacool Solargray (1.13 LSG ratio)*

* This glass does not meet the U.S. DOE criteria for spectrally selectivity


PPG Low-E and


PPG High-Performance Tinted Glass PPG Performance Tinted

Optigray® 23 Glass

Graylite® Glass

Solarbronze® Glass

Solargray ® Glass

Solarcool ® Reflective Tinted Glasses


• Technical & Product Hotline: 888-PPG-IDEA (774-4332)

• Direct technical support

• Sourcing Assistance

PPG’s reliable network of applicators, contractors and

certified fabricators

The Right Information, Right Away

• All PPG architectural products

• MSDS sheets and technical data

• Download product literature

• Order samples 24/7

• Order literature 24/7

• Read case studies

• Visit photo galleries

The Right Information, Right Away

• Solarban® Solar Control Low-E Glasses

• Sungate® Passive Low-E Glass

• Starphire® Highly-Transmittive Glass

• Oceans of Color™ Spectrally Selective Tinted Glasses

• Vistacool® Subtly Reflective Color Enriched Glass

• Duranar® Fluoropolymer Coatings

• Duranar® ULTRA-Cool® Fluoropolymer Coatings

• Duranar® VARI-CoolTM Fluoropolymer Coatings

• Superl® II ULTRA-Cool® Siliconized Polyester Coatings

• Pittsburgh® Paints Zero-VOC Pure Performance Paint

• Speedhide®, Manor Hall® & Porter® Paints

• MegaSeal® Flooring Systems

A portfolio of proven products to help architects achieve sustainable design

goals.

Environmental LeadershipPPG is committed to environmental sustainability

Our glass and coatings are used in the production of wind and solar power,

and we do extensive research and development to make these technologies

more commercially viable

PPG helped automakers eliminate lead from primer coatings, purge chrome

from rinses, cut VOC emissions, stifle the corrosion of metal, and save energy

by lowering curing temperatures for automotive paints and coatings.

We actively manage our own manufacturing processes to improve air

quality, and reduce water and energy consumption

Corporate Goals:

Reduce energy use by 25% by 2016

Reduce green house gas emissions by 10%

fg0005 energy efficient glazings hsw sd

Documents

energy efficient glazing

energy impact of various

solar control lowe coatings

solar control lowe glasses

soft coat solar control

low infrared heat

selective glass vlt

coating process coating