ethos logos pathos pp

8/3/2019 Ethos Logos Pathos Pp

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Aristotles Three Ways to

Persuade

Logos

Ethos

Pathos


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Who is Aristotle?Aristotle (384-322 BCE)isthe most notable product of

the educational programdevised by Plato. Aristotlewrote on an amazing rangeof subjects, from logic,philosophy, and ethicstophysics, biology,psychology, politics, andrhetoric.


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What is rhetoric?Rhetoric is the art of

persuasion.

The goal of

persuasion is to

change others pointof view or to move

others to take

action.


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What is logos, ethos, and

pathos?

Logos = Logic

Ethos = Ethics, Image

Pathos = Emotions (Passion)


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Logos, Ethos, PathosUsing logos, ethos, and pathos will help you tomaster the art ofpersuasion.

Through language, you will be able to change thepoint of view of others!

Through language, you will be able to motivateothers to take action!


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Logos

Logos is an argument based on facts,evidence and reason.

Using logos means appealing to thereaders sense of what is logical.


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Logos


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Logos


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EthosEthos is an argument based on character.

Using ethos means the writer or speakerappeals to the audiences sense of ethicalbehavior. The writer or speaker presents himor herself to the audience as credible,

trustworthy, honest and ethical.

I am an ethical expert, so believe what I say.


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Ethos


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Pathos

Pathos = argument based on feelings

Using pathos means appealing to

readers emotions and feelings.


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Pathos


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Pathos


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Pathos


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Pathos


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Logos ExampleIn the following example, note how Ian Ayres

uses evidence from experience (her work

environment, Delta Airlines, the University

of Chicago). This evidence establishes the

precedent that Ayres uses to compare to

the current situation that she argues shouldbe changed.


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Logos ExampleWe dont have single-sex toilets at home, and we

dont need them at the office. Then theres also

the small question of efficiency. I see my malecolleagues waiting in line to use the mens room,

when the womens toilet is unoccupied. Which is

precisely why Delta Airlines doesnt label those

two bathrooms at the back of the plane as beingsolely for men and women. It just wouldnt fly.


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Logos ExampleThe University of Chicago just got the 10 single-use

restrooms on campus designated gender neutral.

Its time Yale followed suit. And this is not just anacademic problem. There are tens of thousandsof single-use toilets at workplaces and publicspaces throughout the nation that are wrong-headedly designated for a single-sex. All thesesingle-use toilets should stop discriminating. Theyshould be open to all on a first-come, first-lockbasis.

Ian Ayres, Looking Out for No. 2


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Ethos ExampleIn the following example, note how Nancy

Mairs establishes hercredibility and

trustworthiness and authority to write

about this subject by being honest. Mairs

admits she is uncertain about her own

motives and shows she understands thediscomfort others have with this subject.


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Ethos ExampleFirst, the matter of semantics. I am a cripple. I

choose this word to name me. I choose from

among several possibilities, the most common ofwhich are handicapped and disabled. I made

the choice a number of years ago, without

thinking, unaware of my motives for doing so.

Even now, I am not sure what those motives are,but I recognize that they are complex and not

entirely flattering.


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Ethos ExamplesPeoplecrippled or notwince at the word

cripple, as they do not at handicapped or

disabled. Perhaps I want them to wince. Iwant them to see me as a tough customer,

one to whom the fates/gods/viruses have not

been kind, but who can face the brutal truth of

her existence squarely. As a cripple, Iswagger.

Nancy Mairs, On Being a Cripple


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Pathos ExampleIn the following example from a speech by

Winston Churchill, note the use of

anaphora (repetition of a word or group of

words at the beginning of items in a

series).

This repetition emphasizes the point andexpresses passion and emotion.

Moreover, the repetition affects the

audience emotionally.


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Pathos ExampleWe shall not flag or fail. We shall go on to theend. We shall fight in France, we shall fight on the

seas and oceans, we shall fight with growingconfidence and growing strength in the air, weshall defend our island, whatever the cost may be,we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on thelanding grounds, we shall fight in the fields and inthe streets, we shall fight in the hills. We shallnever surrender.

Winston Churchill, speech to the House ofCommons, June 4, 1940


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ReviewLogos = logic

Logos is an argument

based on facts,evidence and reason.

Using logos meansappealing to the readers

sense of what is logical.


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ReviewEthos = Ethics / Image

Ethos is an argument based on

character.

The writer or speaker presents

him or herself to the reader

as credible, trustworthy,honest and ethical.


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ReviewPathos = argument

based on feelings

Using pathos means

appealing to

readers emotions

and feelings.


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Pathos, Ethos, Logos


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ethos logos pathos pp

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