Index

Academic Qualification Test (AQT), 110,112, 113-114, 120, 123, 161

Academies, see Service academiesACB (Aircrew Classification Battery), 114ACEER scores, 116, 121Achievement tests, 6-7, see also specifictests

AC-OC-QT (Aviation cadet-QfficerCandidate-Qualifying Test), 114

ACQE (Aviation cadet QualifyingExamination), 114

ACQT (Aviation cadet Qualifying Test),114

ACT, $« American College TestAdministrative measures, 230Admirab, 82, 131-13'socioeconomic status of, 102-104AECP (Airmen's Education andCommissioning Program), 109

Affmnative action programs, 120, 131,161

AFOQT, see Air Force Officer QualifyingTest

AFQT, see Armed Forces QualificationTest

AGcr, see Army General ClassificationTest

Age, in officer corps, 82, 90-9'Aircrew Classification Battery (ACB), 114Air Force, 9, 81, 130, 171, 192assignment systems for, 254ASVAB in, 223, 224, 23'attrition in, 55, 57-'8, 130demographics in, 8', 87, 88, 89, 91, 92,93, 94low aptitude recruits in, 57-'8officer candidate programs in, 106, 107,109, 110

Project 100,000 and, 22, 24, 29-31, 32,3',36,4'promotion in, 134retirement benefits in, 184SAT and, 149, 150, 1'1, 164, 16', 19',196, 197

test applications for, 118, 119, 120tests used in selection for, II0

Air Force Academy, U.S., 107, 116-117,121, 122, 154, 155

Air Force Officer Qualifying Test(AFOQT), 110, 112, 114-115, 118,119

performance correlated with, 122, 123Air Force Reserve, 110Airman Performance Ratings, 31Airmen Qualifying Examination (AQE),29

Airmen's Education and CommissioningProgram (AECP), 109

All-volunt«r force (AVF), 12, 13, 18,136, 191,226

ASVAB misnorming and, 48, 50, '3,54-64attrition in, 55-'8, 63, 68job changes and, 6'-67job-performance test scores in, 55,'8-62,63mental quality in, '-6, II, 4'-68, see

also Mental qualitypay grades in, 55, '8, '9, 60, 63reenlistment eligibility in, 55, '8, 63American College Test (ACT), 110, III,

112, 116, 117, 118, 120, 138, 1'6, 187performance correlated with, 121, 122American Educational Research

~tion, 227,2'7American Indians, 14', 156, 157, 1'8American Psychological Association, 227,257

Annapolis Naval Academy, see NavalAcademy, U.S.

ApocaplYJ1# Now (film), 173Aptitude tests, see also specific testsas mental quality indicators, 6-7, 46in officer selection, 110-:131Aptitude Area Composites, 234AQE (Airmen Qualifying Examination),29

AQT, see Academic Qualification TestThe Armed Forr:rs O/fiaT, 174, 176Armed Forces Qualification Test (AFQT),

13, 16-17, 19,67,68, 149,221,222,255

262

as attrition predictor, 48, 52for AVF, 13, 18job changes and, 66job complexity correlated with, 64job performance tests correlated with,62

for low aptitude recruits, I, 2, 3, 5, 8as mental quality indicator, 6-7, 48in officer corps, 120, 187in Project 100,000, 11, 29, 30, 31,37-39, 40, 41, 43, 45, 68purpose of, 12validity of, 9, 234wartime standards in, 5Armed Services Vocational Aptitude

Battery (ASVAB), 67, 68, 221-256,see also individual subtests ofas attrition predictor, 48, SO, 53for AVF, 13, 18career performance measured by,231-233

criterion equivalence in, 244-246fairness of, 234-238job performance measured by, 229-231job proficiency measured by, 228-229,247for low aptitude recruits, xi, 8as mental quality indicator, 47, 71misnorming of, 8, 9, II, 20, 46, 48, SO,53, 54-64, 70, 71for officer corps, 110, 112, 115, 119,120, 123

operational measures in, 227-228optimal assignment and, 239-255, 256prediction equation equivalence in, 246predictor-criterion relationships in,242-243, 244Project 100,000 and, 22purpose of, 12validity of, xii, 9, 233-234Armor, D.J., 231, 257Army, 9, 81, 130, 163, 190, 191-193Air Corp of, 121assignment systems for, 254ASVAB in, 223, 224, 228, 229, 234,235, 242, 250attrition in, 55, 56,130demographics in, 85, 87, 88, 89, 91, 92,93,94,95low aptitude recruits in, 47, 55, 56, 57,59,61

Index

officer candidate programs in, 106, 107,109

Project 100,000 and, 22, 24, 27, 28-29,35, 37-39, 45

promotion in, 126, 127, 132, 134, 189retirement benefits in, 184ROTC program description, 164-171SAT and, 149, ISO, 151, 164, 165, 195,196, 197

test applications for, 117, 118, 119test/performance correlation and, 121tests used in selection for, 112, 114, 115in WW II, 12-15Army Alpha tests, 12-15, 16, 18, 19,65Army Beta tests, 12-15, 16, 18, 19Army Oassification Battery, 39, 40Army General Classification Test

(AGCT), 13, 15-16, 19, 65, lISArmy Occupational Survey program, 229,

230Army Times, 44Army-wide rating scales, 229, 230Asian Americans, 145, 155, 156, 157, 158,

166ASTB, see Aviation Selection Test BatteryASVAB, see Armed Services Vocational

Aptitude BatteryAttritionin AVF, 55-58, 63, 68DEP and, 51-52, 68mental quality and, 47-53in officer corps, 123-124, 129-131Project 100,00 and, 26, 35

AVF, see All-volunteer forceAviation Cadet-Qfficer Candidate­Qualifying Test (AC-OC-QT), 114

Aviation Cadet Qualifying Examination(ACQE),114

Aviation Cadet Qualifying Test (ACQT),114

Aviation Officer Candidate School, 106Aviation Reserve Officer Candidateprogram, 108

Aviation Selection Test Battery (ASTB),110, 113, 114, 120

Barron's rating system, 163Basic School, The (TBS), 123Basic training, 28-29Basm, L.W., 21, 74

Index

B-1 bomber, 188Becerra, Rosina M., 104,203Bennet Mechanical Comprehension Test(MCf),113

Beusse, W., 43, 74Bialek, H.M., 28, 74Bl (Biographical Inventory, Purdue), 113Binkin, Martin, 71, 74, 84, 99, WI, 202BIOCC (Branch Immaterial OfficerCandidate Course), 106, 109

Blacks, 8S, 86, 88, 92, 94, 9S, 98, 99-100,101, 102, ISS, IS9-160, 161, 162,190-192

ASVAB and, 224, 234-236, 237in AVF, 46in Project 100,000, 21, 24, 2S, 29, 31,

3S, 39, 41-42, 43, 4S, 68promotion of, 131-133, 190-191retirement benefits and, 184ROTC and, 163-164, 166-167, 168,169, 170, 171

SAT and, 138, 139, 142, 143-144, 14S,148, ISO, IS2, IS6, IS7, IS8, 163-164

BOOST (Broadened Opportunity forOfficer Selection and TrainingProgram), 108-109

Boot camp, SOBooth-Kewley, S., SS, S8, 61, 74Borjas, George J., 183, 217Branch Immaterial Officer CandidateCourse (BIOCC), 106, 109

Bray, D.W., 44, 69, 74Broadened Opportunity for OfficerSelection and Training Program(BOOST), 108-109

B-2 Stealth bomber, 188

Cadet Evaluation Battery (CEB), 112The Caine Mutiny (Wouk), 172campbell, J.P., 229, 240, 2S0, 2S7, 2S9Canada, IS9Candidate multiple, 121Careerists, Project 100,000 and, 21,

42-43,4SCareer performance, 231-233, see alsoJob performance

Catch 11 (ftIm), 173category IVs, 10, 17, 19-20,22,66,69,

71ASVAB for, S4, 62, 221

263

attrition in, SO, S2, SS, 63in AVF, 18,46-47, S4pay grades of, S8in Project 100,000, 24, 29, 31, 37, 41,

43, 4S, 68CEB (Cadet Evaluation Battery), 112CEER scores, 116, 121Census, Bureau of the, 177Civil court convictions, 26Civilian EArnings 0/Military Retirees, 182Civilian Pilot Training (CPT), 113Civilian sector, 70-71Civil War, 4CLASP system, 2S4Cold War, 173College education, 90, 9S, 104, 136, 137,

IS3-lS4, IS9-160, 186-187, 191-192,193

GPA significance in, 121-122officer candidate programs and, 106,107-110

SAT and, 144College Entrance Examination Board,

112, 12SColorado Springs Academy, see Air ForceAcademy, U.S.

Combat, Project 100,000 participants in,22,39-42

Combat performance prediction scales,229-230

Congress, S, IS9, 18S-186, 228low aptitude recruits and, 1-2,3-4, 7,67,69-70

Cooper, Richard V.L., 181,216Core technical proficiency measures, 232,

247,248,249, 2S1, 2S3Cory, C., SS, S8, 61, 74Court-martials, 42, 44CPT (Civilian Pilot Training), 113Cronbach, L.J., 233, 2S7Current Population Survey, 177

Dale, Charles, 183, 217Danzon, Patricia M., 182, 216Defense Department, U.S., 19low aptitude recruits and, 3, S, 9, 17,

46,47,48, S4, SS,64, 69, 70, 72officer corps and, 82, 88, 12S, 137, 174,178, 180, 181, 182, 18S, 191, 192,198-200

264

Project 100,000 and, 8, 21, 22, 3SDefense Manpower Data Center (DMDC),

8S, 90, 96, 137, 138Defense Officer Personnel ManagementAct (DOPMA), 186

Defense Officer Record Examination(DORE),137

Delayed entry program (DEP), SI-S2, 68Demographicsin officer corps, 82, 84-IOSin Project 100,000, 24-2SDenmark, IS9DEP (Delayed entry program), SI-S2, 68Differential Officer LeadershipExperimental Test Battery (DOL), 112

Direct commission appointments, 106, 107Disciplinary problems, 42, 44Discrimination, in officer corps, 84DMDC, see Defense Manpower DataCenter

DOL (Differential Officer LeadershipExperimental Test Battery), 112

DOPMA (Defense Officer PersonnelManagement Act), 186

DORE (Defense Officer RecordExamination), 137

Dr. Strange/ove (fllm), 173Draft, 67, 84, 191Drucker, A.J., IS, 77

Earnings, see a/so Pay gradesin officer corps, 176-179Project 100,000 and, 26Economic Opportunity Act of 1964, 2Education, II, 18, see also Collegeeducation; High school educationattrition and, 47, 48, SO, SI-S2, SS, S6,63,68in AVF, 6, 18job performance test scores and, 62as mental quality indicator, 7, 8, 46, 48,66in officer corps, 82, 9O-9S, 104, 136,137, 138, 139, 144, IS3-lS4, IS9-160,186-187, 189, 191-192, 193pay grade and, S9in Project 100,000, 24-2S, 29-30Educational Testing Service (ETS), 82,

112, 122, 137Education Department, U.S., 7

Index

Effort and peer leadership measures, 230,232, 247, 2SO

Eitelberg, Mark J., S, 16,84,99,201,202, 221, 2S7

Electronics Repair (EL) composite, 110,11S, 120, 123

Employment, Project 100,000 and, 26Enlisted Commissioning EducationProgram, 110, 120

Enlisted force, 109, 18S-186, 187ASVAD for, 221-2S6, see also ArmedServices Vocational Aptitude Batterydemographics of, 84promotion in, 133Enlisted Personnel Allocation System(EPAS),2S4

Equal Opportunity Study Group, 132ETS (Educational Testing Service), 82,112, 122, 137

Evans, David, 21, 74

Fairness, of ASVAB, 234-238Fair Test Exominer, 2Family patterns, in officer corps, 88-90FAR, see Flight Aptitude RatingFernandez, R., 231, 2S7Fighters, Project 100,000 participants as,22, 39-42

Fitzgerald, John M., 102, 203Flight Aptitude Rating (FAR), 110, 112,113-114, 120, 123, 161

Flyer, E.S., 68, 74Ford Foundation, 80Fort Dix, 28Fort Jackson, 28, 29Fort Ord, 28, 29From Here to Eternity (Jones), 172

Gallup Polls, 102, 131Garfmkle, J., 231, 2S7Gates Commission (president'sCommission on an All-VolunteerArmed Force), 21, 136, 18S

GED (General Equivalency Development)certificates, 18, 48, 68

Gender, 82, 8S-90, 9O-9S, 96-98, see alsoWomenSAT scores and, 138, 139, 140, 141,147

Index

General Accounting Office (GAO), U.S.,52, 159, 177-178

General Classification Test (GCT), seeArmy General Classification Test

General Equivalency Development (GED)certificates, 18, 48, 68

General learning ability, 6Generals, 82, 131-135socioeconomic status of, 102-104General soldiering proficiency measures,230, 232, 250

General Technical (GT) composite, 110,lIS, 119

George Washington University, 37Ghiselli, E.E., 239, 257GI Bill, 43, 48, 70Ginzberg, E., 44, 69, 74GIeser, G.C., 233, 257Goffard, S.J., 28, 74Goldberg, Matthew 5., 183,217Grade point average (GPA), 121-122Graduate Record Examination (GRE),125, 137

Grafton, F.C., 61, 62, 76, 233, 234, 251,257,259

Greenberg, I.M., 54-55, 58, 74GRE (Graduate Record Examination),125, 137

Grunzke, M., 29, 31, 33, 35GT (General Technical) composite, 110,115, 119

Guinn, E.N., 29, 31, 33, 35

Halo effect, 231Hands-on tests, 229, 230Hanser, L.M., 234, 257Hay Associates, 178Hayes, James, 172,213Henmon-Nelson Intelligence Test, 40Hicks, J.A., III, 62, 75High school education, 11, 18attrition and, 47, 48, 50, 51-52, 55, 56,63, 68in AVF, 6job performance test scores and, 62as mental quality indicator, 7, 8, 46, 48,66pay grade and, 59in Project 100,000, 29-30Hispanics, 85, 86, 92, 94, 95, 98, 99, 100,

265

101, 155, 156, 160, 161, 162, see alsospecific ethnic groupsASVAB and, 224promotion of, 133ROTC and, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170SAT and, 138, 139, 148, 150History of mental testing, 10, 12-20Human Resources Research Organization(HumRRO), 37, 39

Hunter, David R., 188, 218Hunter, J.E., 55, 75, 239, 259Huntington, Samuel, 172, 173, 174,213,214

Illiteracy, 12, 14, 19The Image of the Army Officer in

America (Kemble), 173Immigration Restriction Act of 1924, 2Innate intelligence, 66Internal Revenue Service, 182

Janowitz, Morris, 101-102, 175, 184, 192,194,203,214,217,219

Job assignmentin officer corps, 95-101optimal, 239-255, 256Job changes, 65-67Job complexity, 64Job Corps, 22Job-knowledge tests, 229, 230Job performance, see also Careerperformance; Job proficiency;Training performancefactors predicting success in, 72in Project 100,000, 31-36, 37-39, 44test scores correlated with, 7, 124-125,229-231

Job Performance Measurement (JPM)Project, xii, 227, 228, 229, 234

Job-performance tests, 55, 58-62, 63Job proficiency, 228-229, 247, see alsoJob performance

Job-specific rating scales, 229, 230Johnson, Lyndon, 2, 9, 10, 22Joint Recruiting and Advertising Program(JRAP), 156-159

Joint Service Job PerformanceMeasurement Project, 256

Jones, James, 172

266

JPM Project, see Job PerformanceMeasurement Project

JRAP (Joint Recruiting and AdvertisingProgram), IS6-lS9

Kemble, C. Robert, 173,213Korean War, S, 16-17,67studies of, 22, 39-42

Labor Department, U.S., 7, SS, 176Labor Statistics, Bureau of, 177Laurence, J .H., 68, 7SLISREL program, 242Literacy, 6, 7, 66Long-term defense policies, 69-70Lotteries, 226Low aptitude recruits, xi, 1-73, see alsoAll-volunteer forceCongressional sanctions and, 1-2, 3-4,7,67,69-70human resources issues and, 2-4military performance of, 10-11policy issues for, 68-73Project 100,000 and, see Project100,000

Maier, M.H., 233, 2S7Mailer, Norman, 172Marine Corps, 9, 81, 192ASVAB in, 223, 224, 23Sattrition in, 130demographics in, 8S, 87, 88, 89,91,92,93, 94officer candidate programs in, 106, 107,108, 110

Project 100,000 and, 24promotion in, 127, 128, 134, 13S, 189retention and, 128SAT and, 149, ISO, lSI, 19S, 196, 197test applications for, 120test/performance correlation and, 123tests used in selection for, 110, liSMarine Corps Reserve, 110Marine Officer Candidate Course, 120M*A *S*H (film), 173Mauldin, Bill, 172McHenry, J.J., 229, 24S, 2S7McLaughlin, D.H., 234, 2S8McNamara, Robert S., xi, 3, 10, 23, 7SMcNeil, John S., 179, 180, 184,217

Index

MCT (Mechanical Comprehension Test,Bennet), 113

Means, B., SS, S7, S8, 62, 7SMental categories, 1SMental qualityattrition and, 47-S3in AVF, S-6, 11, 4S-68, see also All-volunteer forcechanging concept of, 66-67civilian policy on, 70-71Congress and, 69-70indicators of, 46-47technological complexity and, 6-7, 8Mexican Americans, 14S, IS7, IS8Military Academy, U.S., 107, 116, 121,124, 133, IS4, ISS

Military performance, 10-11Military performance rating, 124Military Retirement (McNeil et al.), 184Miller, E.E., 62, 7SMinorities, see Racial/ethnic minoritiesM-I tanks, 71M~tanlts, 71

The Naked and the Dead (Mailer), 172National Academy of Sciences, 72National Commission on Testing andPublic Policy, ix-x, xi, 8, 9, 80

National Council on Measurement inEducation, 227, 2S7

National Honor Society, 117National Opinion Research Center(NORC),70

A Nation at Risk, 3Native intelligence, 14Naval Academy, U.S., 107, IS4, ISS, 160,

161promotion and, 133socioeconomic status and, 102test applications in, 116, 117, 120test/performance correlation in, 121,124

tests used in selection for, 110, 114Naval Academy Preparatory School, 109Naval Air Station, 114Naval Flight Officer Candidate School,

106Naval Reserve Officer Training Corps(NROTC), 110, 114, 119, 160, 163,164

Index

Navy, 9, 81, 130, 153, 160, 161-162, 175,190assignment systems for, 254ASVAB in, 223, 224, 235attrition in, 55, 56, 130demographics in, 87, 88, 89, 91, 92, 93,94low aptitude recruits in, 55, 56, 58, 59,61officer candidate programs in, 106, 107,108-110

Project 100,000 and, 24, 35, 36promotion in, 126, 132, 134, 135, 189retirement benefits in, 184SAT and, 149, 150, 151, 164, 165, 195,196, 197

test applications for, 117-118, 119, 120test/performance correlation and, 121,122

tests used in selection for, 110, 113-114,in WW II, 12, 15Navy General Classification Test (NGCT),15,65

Navy Times, 44Newsweek. 80,83, 102, 131, 173NGCT (Navy General Classification Test),15,65

NORC (National Opinion ResearchCenter),70

Norfolk State University, 167Northrup, Herbert R., 105, 203NROTC, see Naval Reserve OfficerTraining Corps

Nystrom, C.O., 62, 75

OAR, see Officer Aptitude RatingOccupation, SAT scores and, 144-148OCS, see Officer Candidate SchoolOERs (Officer Effectiveness Reports), 125Office of the Assistant Secretary ofDefense, 228, 258

Officer Accession file, 85An Officer and a Gentleman (film), 173Officer Aptitude Rating (OAR), 110, 112,113-114, 120, 123

Officer Candidate Preparatory School, 120Officer candidate programs, 106-110, see

also specific programsOfficer Candidate School (OCS), 106,

107, 108, 109-110, 153, 187-188

267

promotion and, 133, 190retention in, 128test applications in, 119-120test/performance correlation in, 122tests used in selection for, 111, 112, 115Officer Candidates Class, 106Officer Candidate Tests. 106, 114Officer Cohort File, 85, 137Officer corps, xi-xii, 79-200attrition in, 123-124, 129-131background on, 79-84candidate programs for, 106-110demographics in, 82, 84-105discrimination in, 84earnings in, 176-179national candidate pool for, 155-162prestige in, 175-176promotion in, see Promotionpublic image of, 172-173relocation in, 174-175retirement benefits in, 175, 178-185SAT and, see Scholastic Aptitude Testtest applications in, 115-120test/performance correlation in,121-131

test role in selection for, 187-188test role post-selection, 189tests used in selection for, 110-115Officer Effectiveness Reports (OERs), 125Officer Grade Limitations Act of 1954,

186Officer Master and Loss File, 85Officer Prediction Task, 112Officer Selection Battery (OSB), 110,

112-113, 118Officer's training camps, 14Officer Training School (OTS), 106, 107,111, 112, 115, 123, 133

Optimal assignment, 239-255, 256OSB, see Officer Selection BatteryOTS, see Officer Training School

PAE (Physical Aptitude Examination),117, 119

PAS (precommissioning AssessmentSystem), 118

Pay grades, see also Earningsin AVF, 55, 58, 59,60,63in officer corps, 81, 87, 88, 89Project 100,000 and, 33, 35, 43, 44

268

Peacetime forcedraft in, 67low aptitude recruits in, 5, 17,20,69,70

Personal discipline measures, 231, 232,247,250

Peterson, N.G., 240, 250, 259Physical Aptitude Examination (pAE),117, 119

Physical fitness and military bearingmeasures, 231, 232, 247, 250

Platoon Leaders Class (PLC), 106, 108,120

Precommissioning Assessment System(PAS),118

President's Commission on an All­Volunteer Armed Force (GatesCommission), 21, 136, 185

President's Commission on MilitaryCompensation, 182, 183-184

President's Military Manpower TaskForce, 185

Princeton University, 163The Professional Soldier (Janowitz),101-102, 175, 184, 194

Project A, xii, 229-231, 232, 233, 237,240,241,248,250,251

Project B, 254Project 100,000, 3, 8, 9, 10-11, 12, 20-45,54, 62, 66, 68, 69-70accession goals in, 24careerists in, 21, 42-43, 45civil court convictions and, 26as controlled experiment, 23demographics in, 24-25disciplinary problems in, 42, 44earnings and, 26employment and, 26job performance in, 31-36, 37-39, 44re-evaluation of, 21studies of, 22, 28-31, 37-42training performance and, 26-27, 29-31veterans of, 43-44War on Poverty and, 3, 10, 20, 22-26,43

PROMIS system, 254Promotion, 131-135, 175, 189-190of minorities, 131-133, 190-191SAT and, xii, 126-127in WW 1,14PT (personnel Test, Wonderlich), 113

Index

Public Law 51, 17Puerto Ricans, 145, 157, 158Purdue Biographical Inventory (BI), 113

Quality Index score, 119

Racial/ethnic minorities, 2, 82, 83, 84,85-95,98-101, 154, 155, 156,159-162, 190-193, see also specificracial, ethnic groupsASVAS and, 224, 255mental quality issue and, 71officer candidate programs for, 109promotion of, 131-133, 190-191ROTC and, 163-164, 166-171, 192, 193SAT and, 142-144, 145, 146, 148,151-152, 157, 158

test applications for, 120Ramsberger, P.F., 55, 57, 58,62,75RAND Model, 231-232Recruitment, 67-68, 82Reenlistment eligibility, 55, 58, 63REQUEST system, 254Reserve Officer Candidate program, 108Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC),82, 85, 106, 107-108, 153, 156, 192,193

attrition in, 130minority recruitment in, see underRacial/ethnic minoritiesNaval, see Naval Reserve OfficerTraining Corpsnonscholarship, 106, 111, 112, 118-119,187

promotion and, 133, 190retention in, 128SAT and, 160, 163-164, 165scholarship, 104, 106, 111, 117-118,128, 130, 153

socioeconomic status in, 102, 104test applications in, 117-119, 120test/performance correlation in, 121,122, 124

test role in selection for, 187tests used in selection for, 110, Ill,112, 114

trends in, 162-171Retention, 128Retirement benefits, 175, 178-185

Index

The Right Stlifl (film), 173ROTC, see Reserve Officer TrainingCorps

ROTC College Handbook, 95,163

Sadacea, R., 233, 259SAT, see Scholastic Aptitude TestSAT (Spatial Apperception Test), 113Schmidt, F.L., 239, 259Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT), xii, 1,82,85,105,109,110,111,112,116,117,118, 120, 126-127, 136-152, 155, 156,157, 159, 160-161, 163-164, 191, 192,193, 195, 196, 197

above average scores on, 149-152as attrition predictor, 129-131data base for, 82, 125, 131, 137-138increased scores on, 154occupational area and, 144-148performance correlated with, 121, 122,123, 124, 125-131promotion and, 190range in, 165role of, 187Scribner, B., 71, 76Segal, Mady, 174, 175, 214Selection composite, 121Selective Service Act of 1948, 16Selective Service administration, 2, 185Sellman, W.S., 69, 76Senate Committee on Armed Services,

181Service academies, 106, 107, 154, see alsospecific academiespromotion and, 133-135socioeconomic status and, 104test applications in, 116-117test/performance correlation in, 121test role in selection for, 187tests used in selection for, 111, 112

Seven Days in May (film), 173Sex, see GenderShields, J.L., 61, 62, 76Short-term defense policies, 69-70Showell, M., 28Sinaiko, W., 20, 76Skill Qualification Tests (SQTs), 58, 61,62, 228, 232, 234, 236, 237

Snyder, William P., 104, 152-153, 163,203,213

269

Socioeconomic status, in officer corps, 82,85, 101-105

Soldiers' and Sailors' Civil Relief Act of1940, 178

South Carolina State College, 163, 167Spatial Apperception Test (SAT), 113SQTs, see Skill Qualification TestsStandards lor EduCQtional and

Psychological Testing, 227Stauffer, G.F., 29, 31, 33, 35Sticht, T.G., 21, 47, 58, 76, 77Strauss, W.A., 21, 74Strong-eampbell Interest Inventory, 116,

117Supervisor ratings, in Project 100,000, 35,37,44

Taylor, E., 37, 39, 58,62,76,77TBS (Basic School, The), 123Technological complexity, mental qualityand, 6-7, 8

Top Gun (film), 173Trainability, 19, 66, 67Training performance, 26-27, 29-31, see

also Job performanceTwenty-year option, 178

Uniform Guidelines on EmployeeSelection Procedures, 224

University of Michigan, 181University of Puerto Rico/Mayaguez, 167University of Puerto Rico/Piedras, 167U.S. News & World Report. 171UTILITY project, 37, 62

Validity, of ASVAB, xii, 9, 233-234Vernon, P.E., 251, 259Veterans, Project 100,000 and, 43-44Vietnam War, 16-17,46, 152, 181,226low aptitude recruits in, 5, 8, 10, 20, 71mental quality concept in, 71recruitment in, 67ROTC decline and, 163Vineberg, R., 37, 39, 58, 62, 76, 77

Warner, John T., 183, 217War on Poverty, 2

270

Project 100,000 and, 3, 10, 20, 22-26,43

Wartime forceslow aptitude recruits in, S, 17,69,70officer corps in, 17SWashington, George, 70Welch, Finis, 183, 217West Point Military Academy, see

Military Academy, U.S.Whites, 8S, 86, 94, 99, 100, 101, ISS, IS6,

181ASVAD and, 224, 234-236attrition in, S8in Project 100,000, 21, 24, 2S, 31, 3S,

39,41, 4S, 68ROTC and, 168, 169, 170SAT and, 138, 139, 143-144, 148, ISO,lSI, IS7, iS8

Whole person evaluation, 116, 117, 118,119, 120, 121, 12S, 188

Wise, L.L., 229, 237, 240, 2SO, 2SI, 2S7,2S9

Wiskoff, M.F., S2, 77Women, 2, 82, 83, 8S, 86, 88, 92, 93, 9S,96,97, 102, IS4, IS9-162, 190, seealso Genderassignment restrictions on, 9S

Index

ASVAD and, 224, 236, 237-238attritionin,S2earnings of, 178mental quality issue and, 71promotion of, 131ROTC and, 164, 168, 169, 170SAT and, 138, 139, 140, 141, 147, ISO,ISI-IS2

Women Officer Candidates Program, 106Wonderlich Personnel Test (PT), 113World War I, xi, 4-S, 10, 12-IS, 16, 19,

6S, 121, 188mental quality concept in, 66, 71recruitment in, 67

World War II, 12, 13, IS-16, 17, 18-19,44, 62, 113, liS, 121job changes in, 6S, 66mental quality concept in, 66recruitment in, 67Wouk, Herman, 172

Young, Y.Y., 240

Zeidner, J., IS, 77