InfluencesThe Architecture of Indonesia

reflects the diversity of cultural,historical and geographicinfluences that have shapedIndonesia as a whole. Invaders,colonizers, missionaries, merchantsand traders brought culturalchanges that had a profound effecton building styles and techniques.Traditionally, the most significantforeign influence has been Indian.

At 18th centuryo Chineseo Arab

19th centuryo European influences

have playedsignificant rolestoo in shapingIndonesianarchitecture.

Geography

A country in Southeast Asia,which is crossed by theequator and located betweenthe continents of Asia and

Australia as well as betweenthe Pacific and Indian Ocean.

climate

. Indonesia has a tropicalclimate.

Architectural character

timber construction, variedand elaborate roof structures.

Concept design overall;symmetric, nature contextualand used nature materials.

Some of design form come fromdomestic architectureinfluence religion foreignsuch as; Java, Bali and othersprovince common Austronesianancestry.

Religion

Hinduism, buddism , Islamic &christian

Religious architecturethe most significant was

developed in Java. The island'slong tradition of religioussyncretism extended to

architecture, which fostereduniquely Javanese styles of Hindu,Buddhist, Islamic, and to a lesserextent, Christian architecture.

candi

large and sophisticatedreligious structures

were built in Java during thepeak of Indonesia's greatHindu-Buddhist kingdomsbetween the 8th and 14thcenturies

The earliest surviving Hindutemples in Java are at the DiengPlateau.

The Dieng structures

were small and relativelyplain but architecturedeveloped substantially andjust 100 years later.

The Prambanan complex

built by the second Kingdomof Mataram near Yogyakarta;

Considered the largest andfinest example of Hinduarchitecture in Java.

Borobudur

The World Heritage-listedBuddhist monument

built by the SailendraDynasty between 750 and 850AD,

Was abandoned shortly afterits completion as a resultof the decline of Buddhismand a shift of power toeastern Java.

With the decline of theMataram Kingdom, eastern Javabecame the focus of religiousarchitecture with an exuberantstyle reflecting Shaivist, Buddhistand Javanese influences; a fusionthat was characteristic of religionthroughout Java.

Majapahit

was a vast archipelagic empirebased on the island of Java.

Used a mortar of vine sap andpalm sugar and mostly brick tobuild majaphit temples.

The temples of Majaphit

Have a strong geometricalquality with a sense of

verticality achieved throughthe use of numerous horizontallines often with an almostart-deco sense of streamliningand proportion.

Islam had become the dominantreligion in Java and Sumatra,Indonesia's two most populousislands.

At the time, Javanese mosques tookmany design cues from Hindu,Buddhist, and even Chinesearchitectural influences

Grand Mosque - Yogyakarta

the ubiquitous Islamic domewhich did not appear in

Indonesia until the 19thcentury,

had tall timber, multi-levelroofs similar to the pagodasof Balinese Hindu temples

TRADITIONAL ARCHITECTURE consists of 33 provinces, The norm is for a post, beam

and lintel structural systemthat take load straight to theground with either wooden orbamboo walls that are non-loadbearing.

wooden pegs are used. Naturalmaterials - timber, bamboo,thatch and fibre - make uprumah adat.

Each of province has its owndistinctive form and identityof traditional vernaculararchitecture, known as RumahAdat in Indonesian.

RumahAdat

The main focus of that housefor family, theirs communityand some residents activities.

most rumah adat are built onstilts

PALACE ARCHITECTUREIstana (or "Palace") architecture

Does not based on thevernacular adat domesticstyles of the area.

Royal courts, are much granderand elaborate versions of thistraditional architecture.

The Pagaruyung Palace

is a three-storey version

of the Minangkabau RumahGadang.

the omo sebua("chief'shouse")

traditionalhousestyleof theNiaspeople

from Nias island,Indonesia. They are builtonly for the houses ofvillage's chiefs

("chief's house")

The Javanese palaces: the pendopo

the tallest and largesthall within a complex. Asthe place where the rulersits,

it is the focus ofceremonial occasions, andusually has prohibitions onaccess to this space.

COLONIAL ARCHITECTURE The 16th and 17th centuries

European powers arrived inIndonesia

used masonry for much of theirconstruction. Previouslytimber and its by-products hadbeen almost exclusively usedin Indonesia, with theexception of some majorreligious and palacearchitecture.

One of the first major Dutchsettlements was Batavia (laternamed Jakarta) which

in the 17th and 18th centurieswas a fortified brick and

masonry city.Museum Jakarta - Old Cty - Jakarta Kota

The Indo-European hybrid villa

the first colonial buildingsto incorporate Indonesianarchitectural elements andattempt adapting to theclimate.

The basic form, such as thelongitudinal organization ofspaces and use of joglo andlimasan roof structures, wasJavanese,

incorporated with Europeandecorative elements such as

neo-classical columns arounddeep verandas.

Modernistic buildings requiredfor such development appeared ingreat numbers, and were heavilyinfluenced by international styles.These new buildings included trainstations, business hotels,factories and office blocks,hospitals and educationinstitutions. The largeststock of colonial erabuildings are in the largecities of Java, such asBandung, Jakarta, Semarang,and Surabaya.

Bandung

is of particular notewith one of the largestremaining collections of 1920sArt-Deco buildings in theworld

Native architecture influenced by the new European

ideas than colonial

architecture was influenced byIndonesian styles;

These Western elementscontinue to be a dominantinfluence on Indonesia's built

environment today.

POST-INDEPENDENCEARCHITECTURE

the Javanese art-deco stylefrom the 1920s became the rootfor the first Indonesiannational style in the 1950s.

Jengki styleo The surface and

composition were festiveo Asymmetrical roofs and

facades, playful cut-outdoors and windows, andoddly tilted roofs andeaves were imbued with aspirit of cheerfulnessand freedom.

CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE The urban construction booms

have continued in the 21stcentury and are shapingskylines in Indonesian cities.

Clad with shiny glasssurfaces to reflect thetropical sun.

Introduction ofdeconstructivism architecture.

TECHNIOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THEPHILIPPINES

938 AURORA BLDV. CUBAO QUEZON CITY

AR333A“INDONESIAN ARCHITECTURE”

ASSIGNMENT # 5

RAVENA HARIETTE A.

AR31FC1ARCH. LANCE DOLORES II

JULY 31 2014

TABLE OF CONTENTS:

TITLE: PAGE

Influences………………………………….………….……………………..…..……1The Dieng structures…………………..……………………………….…..……..2

TRADITIONAL ARCHITECTURE ..………………..……………….……..………..3COLONIAL ARCHITECTURE ….……….……………………………..…..….……..4

Native architecture………..……………………………………….….……….…5Contemporary architecture………..……………………………….…………6

Bibliography …………………………………………………………………………7

Significance of the Study

This significance of this research is to discuss the followinginformation about indonesian Architecture, It’s influences, it’s

religion, what are the influences that the colonizers haveimprinted to the Indonesian Architecture and other supporting

information.

It’s to be able to recognize and appreciate its creative,eccentric and unique designs. To be able to appreciate

Indonesia’s rich heritage and one of a kind culture. To be ableto apply it on designing and planning future buildings that are

to be erected in the near future. And to produce a morerepresentative selection can occur only at a deeper level of

study