experimental investigation on sand-casting process and

Journal of Positive School Psychology http://journalppw.com 2022, Vol. 6, No. 3, 3801 –3810

© 2021 JPPW. All rights reserved

Experimental Investigation on Sand-Casting Process and optimizing

process parameters

S. Prashanth1, Dr.T.Sathish2, Dr.R.Venkatesh3 1, 2, 3 Department of Mechanical Engineering,

Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical

Sciences Thandalam, Chennai-602105, India

Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract

The foundry manufacturers, in the aluminium casting industry, identify the standard of

sand mould as a fact to realize top-quality aluminium casting. The motive of this

observation is to lessen aluminium casting disorder with the aid of using optimizing the

ratio of water and bentonite introduced to the recycled sand mould. Aluminium 356

alloy is desired for this research, helping the regular technique of trial and error. Twelve

castings have been finished with diverse proportions of bentonite, sand, and water. On a

scale of 5 status structures had been carried out to fee the casted product upon

numerous defects. This has been administered with the aid of using reading the friction

the usage of the software program Minitab 17.0 and in the end concludes with the most

desirable role of composition for casting Al with the effects of 5% of bentonite, 90% of

sand, and 5% of water.

Keywords: Casting, Hardness, Thermal Factor, Mould Vibration, Die.

1.Introduction

Utmost of the producing diligence is favoured

to broaden the goods thru production strategies

like casting, machining, and welding. Sand

casting is a critical casting pattern used for

each ferrous accouterment and non-ferrous

accoutrement [1-7]. Some important

advantages of choosing thousand casting

strategies are extraordinary dimensional

figures, smooth to broaden the pattern,

multiplied product charge, and decrease

solidification time whilst in comparison to die

casting [8-17]. The maximum tremendous

procedure parameters taken into consideration

withinside the sand-casting procedure are

gating system, sprue, articulation hole,

platform design, sample allowances, and

forbearance[18-24]. The element affecting the

hang mechanisms are mechanical parcels,

bodily clean shape, and inter-steel composites.

High-satisfactory of the check example is

relying upon the right choice of entering

procedure parameters and accoutrements[25-

39].

Fig.1.The process of sand casting.

http://journalppw.com/

http://journalppw.com/

3802 Journal of Positive School Psychology


2.

Methodology

Most of the producing diligence is

desired to expand the goods via production

procedures like casting, forging, and

machining[40-51]. casting is an essential

casting pattern being used for each ferrous

accouterment and non-ferrous accouterment.

The fundamental advantages of opting for the

sand-casting procedure is outstanding figures,

smooth to expand patterns, elevated product

charge, and decrease solidification time in

comparison to die casting .The maximum

sizeable procedure parameters taken into

consideration withinside the sand-casting

procedure are articulate hollow, gating gadget,

sprue, platform layout, forbearance, and

sample allowances[52-61] .The aspect

affecting the hang mechanisms are bodily and

mechanical parcels, clean shape, and

intermetallic composites. The pleasant of the

take a look at example is relying upon the right

choice of entering procedure parameters and

accouterments. The literature evaluation is

essential to examine the hardness of the take a

look at example all through the sand-casting

procedure. Taguchi recommends the success

of a strong procedure. A strong procedure is a

reaction this is less touchy to most of the noise

elements. The stop is fulfilled through thinking

about the “signal to noise” ratio as a degree of

overall performance. The best evaluation is to

be had to aid the below. Still, in keeping with

it, every product or procedure overall

performance particular might have a goal or

nominal value. The parameter layout of the

Taguchi gadget includes figuring out the

layout parameter’s settings for a product or a

procedure so that the product reaction has

minimum variant and its which means is near

the goal. Experimental layout is hired

all through this gadget to arrange the making

plans parameters and noise elements

withinside the orthogonal arrays. The signal to

noise ratio charge is reckoned for every

experimental combination. Next, SN ratios are

analyzed to decide the finest settings of the

parameters of the making plan. A massive

variety of S/N ratios had been described for a

whole lot of problems, with the hassle below

have a look at for minimizing Surface

Roughness, S/N ratio= −10log10 (1/nΣyi2)

where n = variety of replications This is

nominated as a decrease-the-higher kind hassle

wherein minimization of the individual is

intended. Another fundamental device used

withinside the strong layout is the orthogonal

array

Fig.2.The typical

binder jetting process

The internal array represents manage

elements regarding a whole lot of variables

below the manage of the [62-71]. Each

experimental run of the internal array is

replicated harmonious with the outside array,

that is some other layout array grounded upon

a selected variety of noise variables that the

researcher both can't manage without delay or

chooses to now no longer manage. Typically

casting is the essential procedure in making an

example for the desired form and length with

requested delicacy. Sand-casting is a casting

approach wherein the Solidification of casting

is grounded at the extent of warmth transferred

through a substance all through an extra

segment transition .During the solidification

procedure, the casting impact with defects like

loss, porosity, and warm tears. The layout of

the gating gadget, sprue, sprue receptacle, and

S. Prashanth1, et. al. 3803


allowances are accompanied through

the pleasant process withinside the sand-

casting procedure. The role of the articulate

hollow perspective (90◦, 60◦ , and 45◦)

regarding the reference line is proven in Fig. 1.

The platform layout is fifty-five mm,50 mm,

and 50 mm for the fundamental outer edge,

minor outer

edge, and height respectively . The

Aluminium (6063) melts withinside the

gauntlet furnace as its miles proven in Fig. 2.

In this exploration work, Aluminium (6063)

cloth has been named for this disquisition.

Grounded at the patron situations and

synthetic specifications, the maximum

essential enter procedure parameters impacting

the hardness are vent hollow perspective and

articulation hollow diameter to expand the best

pleasant of the take a look at an example as

provided in Table 1.

3. Result and Discussion

The sand-casting process is hired to

broaden the wares for each ferrous

accouterments and non-ferrous accouterments.

The assuredly critical procedure parameters

for the sand-casting are articulation hollow

outer edge and articulation hollow attitude.

The gauntlet furnace is hired for this

experimental disquisition. Grounded at the

Taguchi layout of trials, L9 trials are

performed to study the most excellent function

of entering procedure parameters with the

output reaction like hardness the usage of the

Minitab software program. The excellent

viable function of entering parameters is

chosen through the usage of the reaction desk,

fundamental impact plot, interplay plot,

ANOVA desk, and validation. The impact of

entering procedure parameters withinside the

sand-casting procedure to stay the hardness of

aluminium (6063) material. ANOVA casting

is the assuredly critical procedure in making

an example for the required form and length

with requested accuracy. Sand casting is one

of the casting approaches wherein the

Solidification of casting is primarily based

totally on the amount of warmth transferred

through a substance for the duration of an

extrude of segment transition.

During the solidification procedure,

the casting impacts defects like loss, porosity,

and warm tears. The layout of the gating

system, Basin, and allowances are observed

through the great method withinside the sand-

casting procedure. The function of the

articulation hollow attitude (90◦, 60◦, and 45◦).

The platform layout is fifty-five mm, 50 mm,

and 50 mm for principal diameter, minor

diameter.

Fig 3. Flow chart of sand casting

In Fig.3 The Aluminium (6063) melts

withinside the crucible furnace. Grounded in

customer situations and business

specifications, the most critical enter

procedure parameters influencing the hardness

are articulation hollow attitude and vent

hollow diameter to broaden the high-quality.

Sum of squares of Error



Sum of square = (addition of the diameter of

the vent hole + addition of the vent hole angle)

= 1780.9 – (1296.3+469.6)

= 15.2

Table 1 Response Table

SI.NO Angle of Level Vent

Hole

Diameter of Level Vent

Hole

1 35.9 36.3

2 37.2 33.7

3 34.7 37.9

The maximum essential best of the

experimental disquisition is to observe the

impact of entering system parameters at the

hardness and so the ‘Larger is more”

circumstance is named. Grounded in the

studies work, the reaction desk for the Signal

to noise ratio is. The loftiest common minus

lowest common of every component is

calculated from the delta values withinside the

reaction desk. This reaction desk specifies the

rank grounded at the delta values. Grounded at

the reaction desk suggests that, the articulation

hole outer edge performs a pivotal element in

the sand-casting system accompanied through

the articulate hole angle.

3.1 Main Effect Plot

The most important impact plot is

hired to symbolize the best role of entering

procedure parameters for this experimental

disquisition. The impact of entering

procedure parameters will increase with

growth withinside the stage this is decided on

for this study’s work. The best role of the

sand-casting procedure for the exam is 90◦

articulation hollow perspective and 3 mm

articulation hollow diameter.

3.2 Interaction Plot

For the powerful optimization, an

interplay plot is required to illustrate the trade

among the conditions and enter parameters.

Based on the interplay plot, it is concluded

that the maximum hardness of aluminium

cloth (6063) withinside the sand-casting

procedure is regularly accomplished in 90◦

articulation hollow perspective and three mm

articulation hollow outer edge.

3.3 Contour Plot

The contour plot is utilized to

illustrate the impact of entering procedure

parameters diagnosed with output response.

In this experimental research, the named

enter procedure parameters are articulation

hollow perspective, vent hollow diameter,

and the output reaction. From this contour

plot, it is discovered that the hardness cost

decreases with the growth withinside the

articulation hollow diameter. The authors

suggested that the articulation hollow outer

edge performs an essential function in

affecting the hardness of aluminium cloth

withinside the sand-casting procedure.

4 Validation

Predict the hardness of the

aluminium cloth (6063) the usage of the

Minitab sixteen software. The validation of

experimental consequences is received via

way of means of the usage of regression

evaluation.

4.1 Regression

The evaluation is a statistical device and its

miles are used to shape the practical courting

a number of the numerous parameters. The

retrogression equation for the hardness of

aluminium (6063) cloth withinside the sand-

casting procedure is given below.

Hardness = 75.7 + 0.4 Vent Hole Angle −

7.4 Vent Hole Diameter.

5. Microstructure Analysis

The microstructure of the component

analysed includes a number one segment, α-Al

stable result, and a eutectic admixture of

aluminium and silicon. The number one

segment adjustments from the liquid

withinside the shape of dendrites. The addition

of strontium adjustments the eutectic silicon

price from acicular to fibrous. Fibrous eutectic

silicon patches ameliorate the mechanical

debris of solid aluminium-silicon alloys . The

microstructure of the castings realized, the

usage of the 2 unique sorts of core, has been as

compared to estimate whether or not the

unique consistency of cores has an element

withinside the microstructural and mechanical

houses of the amalgamation. The distribution

of eutectic silicon debris is generally uniform

and globular. The microstructure suggests a

rounded void with small partitions and

happened way to gas dissolved in steel for the

duration of melting and pouring. We also can



word the angular voids with dendrite hands

sticking out into the voids a small

microporosity.

5.1 Recent Development

A new improvement in the foundry

era is an emulsion of centrifugal casting with

electromagnetic shifting. According to the

EMCC systems, liquid amalgamation

solidifies beneath neath the movement of

coinciding centrifugal forces and

electromagnetic forces, changing equiaxed

grain systems in place of columnar, typically

of traditional centrifugal castings. Similar

microstructures have to beautify mechanical

properties. To probe and prognosticate

microstructure, mechanical properties, defects,

isolation distribution, reinforcing debris

motion in the rotating slurry, etc., the latest

advances and studies on centrifugal casting

have significantly addressed mildew stuffing

and solidification. Computer simulation is a

sturdy device in calculating the numerous

phenomena concerned in casting processes. By

the usage of simulation and modelling, Were

appropriate to expose the need for gyration

speed, extra essential than superheat and

mildew material, in affecting casting

microstructures.

Conclusion

Based on the above experiments

performed and the evaluation finished many

conclusions may be drawn displaying common

values of floor roughness and S/N ratio for

distinct manage elements brings out the most

efficient placing for every manage elements

among the extent decided on for the study.

These most efficient values for distinct

manage elements to supply higher floor end

are moisture content material - 5%, preheat

temperature - 200°C, hardness- 90, and

temperature- 670°C. While noticing the

personal impact of every element on floor

roughness from numerous graphs plotted

above, we will discover that floor roughness

decreases on growing moisture content

material and mildew preheat temperature and

reducing pouring temperature, while it first

will increase after which decreases as the

mould hardness is modified from 70 to eighty

after which eighty to 90.

References

1. Vijayan V, Vivekanandan M 2020,

‘CFD modeling and analysis of a two-

phase vapor separator’, Journal of

Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry,

145, 2719–2726.

2. Vivekanandan M, Periyasamy R,

Mohan Kumar S, 2020, ‘Experimental

and CFD Investigation of Helical Coil

Heat Exchanger With Flower Baffle’,

Materials Today Proceedings, 37,

2174–2182.

3. Sivashankar N, Viswanathan R ,

Periasamy K, Chandrakumar S 2020,

‘Multi-objective optimization of

performance characteristics in drilling

of Mg AZ61 using twist end mill drill

tool’, Materials Today Proceedings,

37, 214–219.

4. Natarajan A, Gopinath S, Devakumar

L, 2020, ‘CFD Simulation of Heat

Transfer Enhancement in Circular

Tube with Twisted Tape Insert by

Using Nano Fluids’, Materials Today

Proceedings, 21, 572–577.

5. Dineshbabu C, Arivazhagan R,

Balasubramani K, 2019, ‘Investigation

of Aspect Ratio and Friction on

Barrelling in Billets of Aluminium

Upset Forging’, Materials Today

Proceedings, 21, 601–611.

6. H. N. Gupta, R. C. Mittal, Arun

Manufacturing Processes by metal

forming and casting 2009 Article ID

8122427359

7. P. Kapranos, … M. Jolly, in

Comprehensive Materials

Processing,Casting, Semi-Solid

Forming and Hot Metal Forming

2014.

8. V.David Weiss, in Fundamentals of

Aluminium Metallurgy, Advances in

the Sand Casting of Aluminium

Alloys 2018.

9. Vinayagam Mohanavel, Khalid

Ansari, Rathinasamy Saravanan,

Alagar Karthick, Asif Afzal, Sagr

Alamri, C Ahamed Saleel ‘Synthesis

and Characterization of Mechanical

Properties and Wire Cut EDM Process

Parameters Analysis in AZ61

Magnesium Alloy+ B4C+ SiC,

Materials, 14, 3689, 1-21, 2021.

10. Chelliah Anand Chairman, Manickam

Ravichandran, Vinayagam

Mohanavel, Ahmad Rashedi, Ibrahim



M. Alarifi, Irfan Anjum Badruddin,

Ali E. Anqi and Asif Afzal

‘Mechanical and Abrasive Wear

Performance of Titanium Di-Oxide

Filled Woven Glass Fibre Reinforced

Polymer Composites by Using

Taguchi and EDAS Approach,

Materials, 14(18), 5257, 1-15, 2021.

11. Arunkumar Munimathan, V.

Mohanavel, Alagar Karthick, R.

Madavan, Ram Subbiah, Chandran

Masi and S. Rajkumar ‘Investigation

on Heat Transfer Enhancement in

Microchannel Using Al2O3/Water

Nanofluids, International Journal of

Photoenergy, Volume 2021 |Article ID

6680627 |

https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6680627.

12. P. Gurusamy, V. Mohanavel, Alagar

Karthick, M. Ravichandran, Omaima

Nasif, Saleh Alfarraj, Velu

Manikandan and S. Prasath ‘Finite

Element Analysis of Temperature

Distribution and Stress Behavior of

Squeeze Pressure Composites,

Advances in Materials Science and

Engineering, Volume 2021 |Article ID

8665674 |

https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8665674.

13. Kumaran Palani, L. Natrayan,

Anjibabu Merneedi, Melvin Victor De

Poures and Dinesh Kumar Singaravelu

‘Synthesis and Characterization of

Polypropylene/Ramie Fiber with

Hemp Fiber and Coir Fiber Natural

Biopolymer Composite for

Biomedical Application, International

Journal of Polymer Science, Volume

2021 |Article ID 2462873 |

https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/2462873.

14. V. Mohanavel, T. Arunkumar, T.

Raja, Ahmad Rashedi, Ibrahim M.

Alarifi, Irfan Anjum Badruddin, Ali

Algahtani and Asif Afzal

‘Investigation of Mechanical

Properties and Salt Spray Corrosion

Test Parameters Optimization for

AA8079 with Reinforcement of TiN +

ZrO2, Materials, 14(18), 5260, 1-19,

2021.

15. S. Tamilselvi, S. Gunasundari, N.

Karuppiah, Abdul Razak RK, S.

Madhusudan, Vikas Madhav

Nagarajan, Mohammed Zubair M.

Shamim, C. Ahamed Saleel and Asif

Afzal ‘A Review on Battery

Modelling Techniques, Sustainability,

13(18), 10042, 1-19, 2021.

16. A. Parthiban, V. Vijayan, S. Dinesh

Kumar, L. Ponraj Sankar, N.

Parthipan, Dawit Tafesse and Mebratu

Tufa ‘Parameters of Porosity and

Compressive Strength-Based

Optimization on Reinforced

Aluminium from the Recycled Waste

Automobile Frames, Advances in

Materials Science and Engineering,

Volume 2021 |Article ID 3648480 |

https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/3648480,

pp. 1-10.

17. Thandavamoorthy Raja, Vinayagam

Mohanavel, Sinouvassane

Djearamane, Palanivel Velmurugan,

Alagar Karthick, Omaima Nasif, Saleh

Alfarraj, Ling Shing Wong,

Shanmugam Sureshkumar, Manikkam

Ravichandran ‘Thermal and Flame

Retardant Behavior of Neem and

Banyan Fibers When Reinforced with

a Bran Particulate Epoxy Hybrid

Composite, Polymers, 13(22), 3859,

pp. 1-11.

18. K. Arul, J. Rajaparthiban,

V.Mohanavel, Ram Subbiah,

M.Ravichandran ‘Performance and

evaluation of vegetable oil-based

fluids as future cutting fluids in

turning of duplex stainless steel,

Journal of Physics: Conference Series,

2027 (2021) 012005, pp 1-8.

19. K. Rajkumar, N. Vinoth, R. Santhosh

Kumar, Ram Subbiah, M.

Ravichandran and V Mohanavel

‘Mechanical and water absorption

behaviour of palm seed particles based

hybrid bio-composites, Journal of

Physics: Conference Series, 2027

(2021) 012006, pp 1-10.

20. M.Ravichandran, Ram Subbiah,

V.Mohanavel, K.Arul ‘Investigations

on compressive strength of titanium

diboride and graphite reinforced

Magnesium Matrix Composites,

Journal of Physics: Conference Series,

2027 (2021) 012009, pp 1-8.

21. M.Ravichandran, V.Mohanavel, P.

Ganeshan, S. Suresh Kumar and Ram

Subbiah ‘Mechanical Properties of

AlN and Molybdenum disulfide

reinforced Aluminium Alloy Matrix

https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6680627

https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8665674

https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/2462873



Composites, Journal of Physics:

Conference Series, 2027 (2021)

012010, pp 1-9.

22. N. Vinoth, K. Rajkumar, R. Santhosh

Kumar, V Mohanavel, M.

Ravichandran, and Ram Subbiah

‘Tensile and impact strength of alpaca

fiber epoxy matrix hybrid composites

prepared by injection moulding

process, Journal of Physics:


012011, pp 1-9.

23. Ram Subbiah, B. Krishna Kumar, M.

Ravichandran, V. Mohanavel, T. Raja

‘Wear properties of waste silk fibre

reinforced PLA bio composites using

taguchi technique, Journal of Physics:


012012, pp 1-10.

24. K.Arul, Ram Subbiah,

M.Ravichandran, V.Mohanavel, T.

Raja ‘Optimization on end milling

operating parameters for super alloy of

Inconel 617 by Taguchi’s L27

orthogonal array, Journal of Physics:


012013, pp 1-9.

25. Ram Subbiah, K.Arul, V.Mohanavel,

M.Ravichandran ‘Optimization of

forces of feed, cutting and thrust based

contribution parameters in machining

with cutting fluid, Journal of Physics:


012014, pp 1-11.

26. V Mohanavel, M.Ravichandran, P

Ganeshan, M.M. Ravi Kumar, Ram

Subbiah ‘Experimental investigations

on mechanical properties of

cotton/hemp fiber reinforced epoxy

resin hybrid composites, Journal of

Physics: Conference Series, 2027

(2021) 012015, pp 1-9.

27. V.Mohanavel, M.Ravichandran,

K.Arul, Ram Subbiah ‘Mechanical

properties of waste silk fibre

reinforced PLA bio composites

manufactured through hand layup

method, Journal of Physics:


012016, pp 1-8.

28. Abdul Razak R Kaladgi, V

Mohanavel, K Arul, Asif Afzal, Abdul

Aabid, Muneer Baig, Bahaa Saleh

‘Experimental Investigation of the

Friction Stir Weldability of AA8006

with Zirconia Particle Reinforcement

and Optimized Process Parameters,

Materials, 14, 2782, 1-15, 2021.

29. V.Mohanavel, AsifAfzal,

M.Arunkumar, M.Ravichandran, Sher

AfghanKhan, Parvathy Rajendran and

Mohammad Asif ‘Advancement of

steam generation process in water tube

boiler using Taguchi design of

experiments, Case Studies in Thermal

Engineering, Volume 27, 101247, 1-

15, 2021.

30. Munimathan Arunkumar, Vinayagam

Mohanavel, Asif Afzal, Manickam

Ravichandran, Sher Afghan Khan,

Nur Azam Abdullah, Muhammad

Hanafi Bin Azami and Mohammad

Asif ‘A Study on Performance and

Emission Characteristics of Diesel

Engine Using Ricinus Communis

(Castor Oil) Ethyl Esters, Energies,

14, 4320, 1-17, 2021.

31. M. Kavitha, V. M. Manickavasagam,

Bhiksha Gugulothu, A. Sathish

Kumar, Sivakumar Karthikeyan and

Ram Subbiah ‘Parameters

Optimization of Dissimilar Friction

Stir Welding for AA7079 and

AA8050 through RSM, Advances in

Materials Science and Engineering,

Volume 2021, Article ID 9723699,

https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9723699.

32. S. Tharmalingam, V. Mohanavel, K.

S. Ashraff Ali, Alagar Karthick ,M.

Ravichandran and Sivanraju Rajkumar

‘Weldability Investigation and

Optimization of Process Variables for

TIG-Welded Aluminium Alloy (AA

8006), Advances in Materials Science

and Engineering, Volume 2021,

Article ID 2816338,

https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/2816338.

33. S. Jayaprakash, S. Siva Chandran,

Bhiksha Gugulothu, R. Ramesh, M.

Sudhakar and Ram Subbiah ‘Effect of

Tool Profile Influence in Dissimilar

Friction Stir Welding of Aluminium

Alloys (AA5083 and AA7068),


Engineering, Volume 2021, Article ID

7387296,

https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/7387296.

34. N.Sabarirajan and R.Saravanan

‘Nano-Alumina Reinforcement on AA

8079 acquired from Waste Aluminium

https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9723699

https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/2816338

https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/7387296



Food Containers for altering

Microhardness and Wear resistance,

Journal of Materials Research and

Technology, 2021,

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2021.07.

041.

35. Muruganantham Ponnusamy, Bhanu

Pratap Pulla, Sivakumar Karthikeyan,

S. Ravindran, Balachandra Pattanaik

and Ram Subbiah ‘Mechanical

Strength and Fatigue Fracture

Analysis on Al-Zn-Mg Alloy with the

Influence of Creep Aging Process,



1899128,

https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/1899128.

36. V. Vijayan, A. Parthiban, L. Ponraj

Sankar, S. Dinesh Kumar, S.

Saravanakumar and Dawit Tafesse

‘Optimization of Reinforced

Aluminium Scraps from the

Automobile Bumpers with Nickel and

Magnesium Oxide in Stir Casting,



3735438,

https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/3735438.

37. Mohammad Nishat Akhtar, V.

Mohanavel, Asif Afzal, K. Arul, M.

Ravichandran, Inzarulfaisham Abd

Rahim, S. S. N. Alhady, Elmi Abu

Bakar and B. Saleh ‘Optimization of

Process Parameters in CNC Turning

of Aluminum 7075 Alloy Using L27

Array-Based Taguchi Method,

Materials, 14, 4470, 1-26, 2021.

38. M. Meignanamoorthy, Manickam

Ravichandran, Vinayagam

Mohanavel, Asif Afzal, Sagr Alamri,

Sher Afghan Khan and C. Ahamed

Saleel ‘Microstructure, Mechanical

Properties, and Corrosion Behavior of

Boron Carbide Reinforced Aluminum

Alloy (Al-Fe-Si-Zn-Cu) Matrix

Composites Produced via Powder

Metallurgy Route, Materials, 14,

4315, 1-24, 2021.

39. D.Chandramohan, S.Dinesh Kumar,

S.Rajkumar and V.Vijayan ‘A facile

synthesis of Ag/ZnO nanocomposites

prepared via novel green mediated

route for catalytic activity, Applied

Physics A, 2021,

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-021-

04854-6.

40. S. Dinesh Kumar, L. Ponraj Sankar,

V. Vijayan, A. Parthiban, R.

Kamalakannan and S. Rajkumar

‘Improving the Mechanical Properties

of Natural Fiber Composites of Hemp

Fiber with Ramie and Banana Fiber

through Compression Molding

Method, Advances in Materials

Science and Engineering, Volume

2021, Article ID 7813634,

https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/7813634.

41. Y Sesharao, Kumaran Palani,

Anjibabu Merneedi, Melvin Victor

De Poures and T Maridurai

‘Optimization on Operation

Parameters in Reinforced Metal

Matrix of AA6066 Composite with

HSS and Cu, Advances in Materials


2021, Article ID 1609769,

https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/1609769.

42. L. Ponraj Sankar, G. Aruna, A.

Parthiban, V.Vijayan, S. Dinesh

Kumar, S. Rajkumar, Addisalem

Mekonnen and Mebratu Tufa

‘Strength Enhancement Study on

Composites of AA6066 Aluminium

Alloy with Magnesium Oxide and

Coal Ash, Advances in Materials


2021, Article ID 2810106,

https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/2810106.

43. G Jegan, P Kavipriya, D Singaravelu,

T Samraj Lawrence and T Vino

‘Synthesis, Mechanical, and

Tribological Performance Analysis of

Stir-Casted AA7079: ZrO2+ Si3N4

Hybrid Composites by Taguchi Route,



7722370,

https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/7722370

44. KS Ashraff Ali, V Mohanavel, M

Ravichandran, S Arungalai Vendan,

and A Karthick ‘Microstructure and

Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir

Welded SiC/TiB 2 Reinforced

Aluminum Hybrid Composites,

Silicon, 2020,

https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-021-

01114-3.

45. Gopal Kaliyaperumal, G Velmurugan,

Sujin Jose Arul, P Nanthakumar

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2021.07.041

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2021.07.041

https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/1899128

https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/3735438

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-021-04854-6

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-021-04854-6

https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/7813634

https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/1609769

https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/2810106

https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/7722370

https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-021-01114-3

https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-021-01114-3



‘Investigation on augmentation of

mechanical properties of AA6262

aluminium alloy composite with

magnesium oxide and silicon carbide,

Materials Today:Proceedings, Volume

46, Part 9, Pages 4322-4325, 2021.

46. VamsidharEnireddy, S.Finney Daniel

shadrach, P.Shobha rani, R.Anitha,

SugumariVallinayagam, T.Maridurai,

and E.Balakrishnan ‘Prediction of

human diseases using optimized

clustering techniques, Materials

Today:Proceedings, Volume 46, Part

9, Pages 4258-4264, 2021.

47. S.Suthagar, T.Kumaran, G.Gowtham,

T.Maridurai and S.Deivanayagi

‘Computational analysis of INVELOX

wind turbine to analyze the venturi

velocity by change the parameter of

diffuser, Materials


9, Pages 4245-4249, 2021.

48. PandiyarajanR, Balaji G, Navin

Kumar B, Vijayarangam J, Vasudevan

A,Karunagaran N and Nanthakumar P

‘Micro structural and tensile

behaviour of FS welded dissimilar Al-

Cu alloy, Materials


9, Pages 4309-4312, 2021.

49. Sujin Jose Arul, Gopal Kaliyaperumal,

G Velmurugan, P Nanthakumar

‘Comparison of yield strength,

ultimate tensile strength and shear

strength on the annealed and heat-

treated composites of stainless steel

with fly ash and ZnO, Materials


9, Pages 4305-4308, 2021.

50. T Kumaran, A Backiyaraj, G

Gowtham, T Maridurai, D Kasinathan

‘Optimization of wing structure using

carbon fibre on a combined shell

blended wing body, Materials


9, Pages 4240-4244, 2021.

51. S Govindan, M Boopathi, AP

Venkatesh, T Maridurai, E

Balakrishnan ‘Statistical analysis of

electrodeposited nickel coating to

S275JR grade mild steel, Materials


9, Pages 4159-4164, 2021.

52. V Balaji, D Rajesh, N Murugu

Nachippan, T Maridurai, E

Balakrishnan ‘Finite element analysis

of a human foot, Materials


9, Pages 4265-4270, 2021.

53. Viswanath Matukumalli, Sai Naga

Sasidhar Maddi, Kushwanth Krishna

Angirekula, Vivek Reddy Pulicherla,

T Maridurai, D Kasinathan, E

Balakrishnan ‘Augment reality chatbot

using cloud, Materials


9, Pages 4254-4257, 2021.

54. T Maridurai, G Ramesh, V

Manivelmuralidaran, A Backiyaraj, E

Balakrishnan ‘Investigation of fin

geometries impact on thermal

efficiency of solar dryer, Materials


9, Pages 4236-4239, 2021.

55. V. Mohanavel, Alagar Karthick, M.

Arunkumar, M. Ravichandran and S.

Rajkumar, ‘Study on Compaction and

Machinability of Silicon Nitride

(Si3N4) Reinforced Copper Alloy

Composite through P/M Route,

International Journal of Polymer

Science, Volume 2021, Article ID

7491679,

https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/7491679.

56. Yogesh Palani, Chandramohan

Devarajan, Dhanashekar Manickam

‘Performance and emission

characteristics of biodiesel-blend in

diesel engine: A review’,

Environmental Engineering Research,

Korean society of Environmental

Engineers, Vol. 27, Issue 1, pp. 1-12,

2022.

57. N.Sabarirajan,‘Synthesis and

optimization of AA7155-Zirconiam

Carbide(Zrc) Composites Machining

Parameters’, Journal of New Materials

for Electrochemical Systems, Vol. 24,

Issue 1, pp. 34-37, 2021.

58. Milind shivaji Rohokale, Dharmesh

Dhabliya, Vijayan V and

Senthilkumar N, ‘A novel two-step

co-precipitation approach of

CuS/NiMn2O4 heterostructured

nanocatalyst for enhanced visible light

driven photocatalytic activity via

efficient photo-induced’, Physica B:

Condensed Matter, Elsevier Publisher,

Vol. 610, Issue 6, June 2021, pp. 1-7.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921452621000922








59. T. Sathish, ‘Performance

Improvement of Base Fluid Heat

Transfer medium using Nano Fluid

Particles’, Journal of New Materials

for Electrochemical Systems, Vol. 23,

Issue 4, pp. 235-243, 2020.

60. V Vijayan, R Saravanan, IJI

Premkumar, S Basker and A

Parthiban, ‘Synthesize and

characterization of glass/treated

selective sisal fiber hybrid composite’,

AIP Conference Proceedings 2283 (1),

020066, Oct 2020.

61. DB Subramanian, R Saravanan and V

Dhinakaran, ‘Experimental

Investigation of temperature variation

on flat plate collector by using silicon

carbide as a nanofluid’, AIP

Conference Proceedings 2283 (1),

020125, Oct 2020.

62. G Raja, D Chandramohan, BK

Gnanavel ‘Effect of inter-facial

coupled contact forces in the

multilayered pacemaker lead cable’,


020081, Oct 2020.

63. IJI Premkumar, S Basker, R

Saravanan, V Vijayan, A Parthiban

‘Dwindling setup time through a low-

cost mechanization-A Case study’,


020068, Oct 2020.

64. K Muthukumar, R Saravanan and V

Dhinakaran, ‘Study on temperature

difference of aluminium nitride

nanofluid used in solar flat plate

collector over normal water’, AIP


020126, Oct 2020.

65. S Basker, A Parthiban, R Saravanan,

V Vijayan, and IJI Premkumar,

‘Influence of chemical treatment in

synthesize and characterization

sisal/glass hybrid composite’, AIP


020065, Oct 2020.

66. A Parthiban, V Vijayan, R Saravanan,

IJI Premkumar and S Basker,

‘Experimental Investigation

glass/sodium oxidanide treated banana

fiber hybrid’, AIP Conference

Proceedings 2283 (1), 020064, Oct

2020.

67. S Arunkumar, R Saravanan and V

Dhinakaran, ‘Experimental

Investigation on material

characterization of zirconia reinforced

Alumina ceramic composites via

powder forming process’, AIP


020124, Oct 2020.

68. G Raja, D Chandramohan and BK

Gnanavel ‘Numerical analysis of

cardiac lead due to internal cable

motion’, AIP Conference Proceedings

2283 (1), 020085, Oct 2020.

69. DB Subramanian, R Saravanan and V

Dhinakaran, ‘Experimental study

about flash and fire point comparison

on three combinationa of waste tyre

oil with diesel for alternate properties

identification’, AIP Conference

Proceedings 2283 (1), 020122, Oct

2020.

70. K Muthukumar, R Saravanan and V

Dhinakaran, ‘Investigation on waste

tyre oil with diesel for detection of

density, Kinematic and dynamic

viscosities evaluation of various

combinations in volume basis’, AIP


020123, Oct 2020.

71. IJI Premkumar, R Saravanan, S

Basker, A Parthiban and V Vijayan,

‘Multiply of process speed, quality

and safety through low-cost-

automation-A case study’, AIP


020067, Oct 2020.

72. Chandramohan D, SD Kumar and

Sudhakar M, ‘Mechanical and thermal

properties of Jute/alovera hybrid

natural fiber reinforced composites’,


020084, Oct 2020.

experimental investigation on sand-casting process and

Documents