early maturing, high yielding \u0026 high g.o.t. upland cotton variety bt.cris-508

$: EARLY MATURING, HIGH YIELDING \u0026 HIGH G.O.T. UPLAND COTTON VARIETY Bt.CRIS-508$
763

AMERICAN RESEARCH THOUGHTS ISSN: 2392 – 876X

Volume 1 │ Issue 2 │ December 2014

Available online at: www.researchthoughts.us

EARLY MATURING, HIGH YIELDING & HIGH

G.O.T. UPLAND COTTON VARIETY Bt.CRIS-508

Muhammad Saffar Majeedano1*, Hidayatullah Bhutto1, Muhammad Zahir Ahsan1,

Abdul Wahab Soomro1, Allah Dino Kalhoro2

1 Plant Breeding Section, Central Cotton Research Institute, Sakrand, Shaheed Benzirabad,

Sindh, Pakistan.

2 Agronomy Section, Central Cotton Research Institute Sakrand, Shaheed Benzirabad, Sindh,

Pakistan.

Abstract: Bt.CRIS-508 a new high yielding, early maturing, high G.O.T., long staple, ClCuV

tolerant and boll worm resistant cotton cultivar developed by CCRI-Sakrand, compared to

commercially grown varieties; i.e. CRIS-134 and CIM-499. It gave 6.0% increased seedcotton yield

kg ha-1 over CRIS-509, 24.0% over CRIS-134 and 45.0% over CIM-499. The yield potential of

Bt.CRIS-508 is 4700 kg ha-1. It has been passed through different stages of experiments for observation

of quantitative and qualitative characters. This variety has been tested in different trials at CCRI-

Sakrand and different ecological zones of Sindh and also tested on the field of progressive growers of

the Sindh during 2010 and 2011. Results obtained these trials showed superiority of Bt.CRIS-508

over Commercial Varieties. Bt.CRIS-508 ginned better as compare to commercial varieties with the

increase of 14.0% over CRIS-134 and 9.0% over CIM-499. Bt.CRIS-508 measured long staple length

28.7 mm compared to commercial varieties CRIS-134 27.3 mm and CIM-499 27.8 mm. Bt.CRIS-508

also produced 101.0 tppsi fibre strength compared to CRIS-134 95.1tppsi and 93.1tppsi of CIM-499

and possesses better micronaire value 4.7µg inch-1 against CRIS-134 4.9 µg inch-1 and CIM-499 4.8

µg inch-1.

Key words: GOT%, Bt. Cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., Yield.

INTRODUCTION

Cotton, (Gossypium hirsutum L.) belongs to the order malvales, family Malvaceae, sub-

family hibiscaceae and section herbaceae. The genus Gossypium comprise 52 species,

* Corresponding author: [email protected]

Muhammad Saffar Majeedano, Hidayatullah Bhutto, Muhammad Zahir Ahsan, Abdul Wahab Soomro, Allah

Dino Kalhoro- EARLY MATURING, HIGH YIELDING & HIGH G.O.T. UPLAND COTTON VARIETY Bt.CRIS-

508

764 AMERICAN RESEARCH THOUGHTS- Volume 1 │ Issue 2 │2014

which are distributed throughout the world in four continents viz. Asia, Australia,

Africa and America 46 species are diploid and 6 are tetraploid, Four species are

cultivated i.e. G. herbaceum, G. arboreum G. hirsutum L., G. barbadanse. On the basis of

chromosome size these are divided into different Genomes. The basic number of

chromosomes in cotton is 13. Six species are tetraploid with 52 chromosomes where

remaining is all diploid with 26 chromosomes.

Cotton plant which is called as 6f plants, i.e. fiber, food, fertilizer, fuel, fooder

and forage Arshad et.al 2004 is considered a white gold of our national economy.

Furthermore the immense importance of cotton crop is clear from the fact that when a

human come to this world he is gifted with a piece of cloth to hide his tinny body and

when he lefts this world he takes a piece of cloth with him in the form of coffin Khan

2008.

Cotton earliness is a quantitative trait which is mainly affected by environment

and crop genotype Kassianenko et al., 2003. Therefore, in any cropping system, cultivar

selection is the key factor Nichols et al., 2004. Short duration cotton cultivars can avoid

yield losses that occur due to diseases and insect-pest complexes Singh, 2004. Earliness

in cotton is also important in lessening the late season perils of insect pests particularly

bollworms, diseases, unfavorable weather conditions and increase in economic return

by reducing input cost Anderson et al., 1976. The growing of early maturing cotton

cultivars has an advantage of proper time for rotation of other crops allowing timely

sowing of wheat in cotton-wheat-cotton cropping system in Pakistan and other

countries Ali et al., 2003.

Singh et.al 1973 reported that significance differences in raw cotton yield of

American cottons were due to the varieties. Ahmed et.al 1982 obtains highly significant

differences in yield of upland cotton due to varieties. Soomro et.al 1986 reported

significance differences in yield, ginning outturn percent and staple length for varieties.

Due to indeterminate of growth habit of cotton earliness is a complex trait, and thus

cannot be measured easily. However, some morphological features which provided an

estimate of earliness in cotton had been reported in literature. For example, node of first

fruiting branch, number of vegetative branches and percentage of bolls on vegetative

branches are the reliable features clues to earliness in cotton Ray and Richmond,

1966Ginning is the art and science of separating cotton fibers from the seed acccording

to Green, 1956. Ginning out turn percentage, this is the amount of lint received after

ginning a lot of seedcotton expressed a percent of the weight of seedcotton. It ranges



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from about 25 to 50 percent, with an average of about 33 percent for upland cotton,

about 37 percent for arboretum and about 32 percent for herbaceum cottons.

It has been estimated that cotton –Agronomy that one percent loss in ginning out

turn was equivalent to 3 percent loss in yield or 30 percent loss in quantity. It was

pointed out by Turner 1929.

Bt. COTTON

Bt. stands for Bacillus thuringiensis, a toxin-producing bacterium found naturally in

soils. Scientists isolated certain genes responsible for the production of these toxins and

using genetic engineering techniques inserted them among other crops into cotton. The

four major cotton-growing countries all adopted Bt. cotton and by 2007, Bt. cotton

occupied 93% of American, 60% of Chinese, 66% of Indian and 95% of Argentinean

cotton areas (JAMES 2007). Transgenic cotton carrying the insect-resistant (Bacillus

thuringiensis, Bt.) gene was commercialized in 1996. The bollworms are most important

tissue feeders and highly damaging. Three types of bollworms viz. American bollworm

(Helicoverpa armigera), Pink bollworm (Pectionphora gossypiella) and spotted bollworm

(Earias vitella), normally referred as bollworm complex are by far the most damaging

and loss inducing pests of cotton. Amongst them, Helicoverpa emerged as a key pest all

over the country causing as high as 80% losses in cotton. The most significant benefit of

biotech cotton to date has been the reduction in insecticidal usage for the control of

certain bollworms. Numerous studies, conducted across the United States and in

Australia, China, Mexico and Spain, have demonstrated an overall reduction in sprays

for Lepidoptera pests. The number of spray reduction ranges from 1.0 to 7.7 sprays per

crop season. Development of new variety with high yield and fiber quality is the

primary objective of all cotton breeders.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Bt.CRIS-508, a new high yielding, early maturing high GOT, long staple, CLCuV

tolerant and bollworm resistant has been evolved at Central Cotton Research Institute,

Sakrand, through conventional breeding methods by crossing VH-137 with Bt.121.

Bt.121, insect resistant variety was used as male parent. The crosses were attempted

during 1999 at Central Cotton Research Institute- Sakrand. F1 Generation was planted



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during 2000 and F2 segregating generation in single plant progeny rows in 2001. In F5,

the desirable uniform plants from the best family rows were selected and bulked to

form a new strain Bt.CRIS-508. The Bt.CRIS-508 has passed a series of testing in Strain

Tests, Varietal Trials, Zonal Varietal Trials and National Coordinated Varietal Trials

(NCVT). Besides these trials, Bt.CRIS-508 was also tested in demonstration trials at

CCRI, Sakrand and at various progressive growers/farmer’s field of Sindh to ascertain

its stability and yield potential against other commercial varieties presently grown in

Sindh.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

After its bulk, Bt. CRIS-508 was tested in preliminary as well as advance yield

comparison trials viz. strain test trials, varietal trials, Demonstration trials, zonal

varietal trials and National coordinated Varietal Trials. The detail performance of this

variety is as under:

1. Strain Test Trials

The new variety Bt.CRIS-508 along with other new strains developed at Central Cotton

Research Institute, Sakrand was tested against commercial varieties in replicated strain

test trials during 2005 and 2006 crop season. The data presented in Table-1 revealed

that, Bt.CRIS-508 gave highest seedcotton yield (3597 kg ha-1), 38.5% ginning out turn

and 28.5 mm staple length as compared to other new strains and commercial varieties

during 2005. In second year (2006) Bt.CRIS-508 again produced highest seedcotton

yield (4223 kg ha-1) followed by standard CRIS-134 (3416 kg ha-1). Bt.CRIS-508 produced

38.3 % ginning out turn and 28.0 mm staple length (Table-1).

The data presented in Table-2 shows that, on the basis of two years average,

Bt.CRIS-508 produced higher seedcotton yield (3910 kg ha-1) as compared to controls

CRIS-134 (3092 kg ha-1) and CIM-499 (2942 kg ha-1). Thus, Bt.CRIS-508 excelled CRIS-134

by 26.46% and CIM-499 by 33.0%. Bt.CRIS-508 also gave higher GOT% than both the

commercial controls. The average ginning outturn percent and staple length data

(Table-2) revealed that CRIS-508 ginned higher (38.4%) as compared to control CRIS-134

(36.10%) and CIM-499 (37.90%). Bt.CRIS-508 also measured longer staple of 28.3 mm as

compared to 27.2 mm of CRIS-134 and 27.9 mm of CIM-499.



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Table-1: Performance of Bt.CRIS-508 in strain tests at Central Cotton Research

Institute- Sakrand during 2005 and 2006.

Variety/Strain

2005 2006

Seedcotton

Yield

(kgha-1)

GOT

(%)

Staple

Length

(mm)

Seedcotton

Yield

(kgha-1)

GOT

(%)

Staple Length

(mm)

Bt.CRIS-508 3597 38.5 28.5 4223 38.3 28.0

CRIS-480 3385 37.5 27.3 3585 37.0 27.2

CRIS-481 2955 37.4 27.6 3498 37.4 27.3

CRIS-509 3412 36.4 27.8 3954 37.0 27.5

CRIS-134 (Std) 2768 36.0 27.0 3416 36.2 27.3

CIM-499 (Std) 2418 38.0 28.0 2940 37.8 27.9

Table-2: Average performance of Bt.CRIS-508 against commercial varieties in strain

tests at CCRI- Sakrand during 2005-6

Years Bt.CRIS-508 CRIS-134 (std) CIM-499 (Std)

1. Seedcotton Yield (kgha-1)

2005 3597 2768 2418

2006 4223 3416 2940

Average 3910 3092 2942

Increase over Std - 26.46% 33.0%

2. GOT (%)

2005 38.5 36.0 38.0

2006 38.3 36.2 37.8

Average 38.4 36.10 37.90

3. Staple Length (mm)

2005 28.5 27.0 28.0

2006 28.0 27.3 27.9

Average 28.3 27.2 27.9

2. PERFORMANCE IN VARIETAL TRIALS

Bt.CRIS-508 was also tested in replicated varietal trials at CCRI-Sakrand against

commercial varieties for two years. The data presented in Table-3 revealed that,

Bt.CRIS-508 gave highest seedcotton yield (4911 kg ha-1), 38.8% ginning out turn and

28.3 mm staple length as compared to other new strains and commercial varieties

during 2007. In second year 2008 Bt.CRIS-508 again produced highest seedcotton yield



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(4515 kg ha-1) followed by standard CRIS-134 (3528 kg ha-1). Bt.CRIS-508 produced 39.0

% ginning out turn and 28.5 mm staple length (Table-3). The data presented in Table-4

shows that, on an average of two years, Bt.CRIS-508 produced higher seedcotton yield

(4713 kg ha-1) as compared to control CRIS-134 (3567 kg ha-1). Thus, Bt.CRIS-508 on

average excelled CRIS-134 by 32%. Bt.CRIS-508 also ginned higher (38.9%) as compared

to CRIS-134 (36.2%) and gave longer staple (28.4 mm) as compared to CRIS-134 (26.9

mm).

Table-3: Performance of Bt.CRIS-508 in Varietal Trials at CCRI-Sakrand against

commercial varieties during 2007 and 2008

Variety/Strain

2007 2008

Seedcotton

Yield

(kg ha-1)

GOT

(%)

Staple

Length

(mm)

Seedcotton

Yield

(kg ha-1)

GOT

(%)

Staple

Length

(mm)

Bt.CRIS-508 4911 38.8 28.3 4515 39.0 28.5

CRIS-480 3848 37.6 27.0 3900 38.0 27.2

CRIS-481 3713 36.9 27.3 3665 37.3 27.4

CRIS-509 4305 37.4 27.5 4306 39.3 27.8

CRIS-134 (Std) 3605 36.3 26.8 3528 36.0 27.0

Table-4: Average performance of Bt.CRIS-508 against commercial varieties in

Varietal Trials at CCRI-Sakrand

Years Bt.CRIS-508 CRIS-134 (Std)

1. Seedcotton Yield (kgha-1)

2007 4911 3605

2008 4515 3528

Average 4713 3567

Increase over Std. - 32%

2. GOT (%)

2007 38.8 36.3

2008 39.0 36.0

Average 38.9 36.2

3. Staple Length (mm)

2007 28.3 26.8

2008 28.5 27.0

Average 28.4 26.9



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3. DEMONSTRATION TRIALS

A newly evolved variety Bt.CRIS-508 was also tested in Demonstration Trials at CCRI-

Sakrand and at Growers’ fields so as to demonstrate the performance of Bt.CRIS-508 to

the growers that is really high yielding, early maturing, bollworm resistant having high

GOT% and good fibre quality traits as compared to existing Non-Bt commercial

varieties.

The demonstration trials conducted for two consecutive years (2010 and 2011) at

CCRI- Sakrand Farm Table-5 revealed that Bt.CRIS-508 maintained its yield superiority

and excelled other commercial varieties during both the years. On an average of two

years Bt.CRIS-508 gave highest seedcotton yield (4025 kg ha-1) and ranked first as

compared to (3610 kg ha-1) of CRIS-134.

Table-5: Performance of Bt.CRIS-508 against commercial varieties in Demonstration

Trials at CCRI- Sakrand during 2010 and 2011

Variety/Strain Seedcotton Yield (kgha-1) Increase Over

(%) 2010 2011 Average

Bt.CRIS-508 4025 3880 3953 -

CRIS-510 3990 3612 3801 3.85

CRIS-494 3910 3700 3805 3.88

CRIS-486 3850 3650 3750 5.41

CRIS-134 (Std.) 3610 3310 3460 14.25

4. PERFORMANCE OF ZONAL VARIETAL TRIALS Bt.CRIS-508 AT DIFFERENT

GROWERS’ FIELD

Bt.CRIS-508 was tested on growers’ fields at different locations of Sindh against

commercial variety CRIS-342 during 2010-11. Data given in Table-6 shows that Bt.CRIS-

508 gave higher seedcotton yield (2412 kg ha-1) as compared to CRIS-342 (2196 kg ha-1)

over 22 different locations of Sindh at growers’ fields.

Table-6: Performance of Bt.CRIS-508 at growers’ field during 2011-12

Sr.

No. Name of Grower District

Strain/variety

Bt.CRIS-508 CRIS-510 CRIS-342

1. Haji Badar Ahmed Memon Hyderabad 2300 2125 2090



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2. Mr. Manzoor Ali Lakhier Hyderabad 2100 2080 2100

3. Mr. Muhammad Juman Juno Matiari 2430 2290 2135

4. Mr.Chutto Memon Matiari 2350 2300 2275

5. Mr. Khair Muhammad Junejo Sanghar 2225 2190 2009

6. Qadeer Farm Sanghar 2130 2000 2040

7. Mr. Shams din Shar Sanghar 2340 2300 2211

8. Mr. Dannish Lakho Sh. Benazirabad 2560 2520 2420

9. Mr. Khalid Rajpar Sh. Benazirabad 2610 2360 2240

10. Mr. Jamaldin Khoso Sh. Benazirabad 2485 2380 2120

11. Mr. Mustafa Ahmed Keerio Sh. Benazirabad 2295 2120 2018

12. Mr. Anwar Rahu Sh. Benazirabad 2310 2100 2097

13. Mr. Gul Hassan Rahu Sh. Benazirabad 2515 2340 2300

14. Dr. Gh. Sarwar Bughio N.Feroze 2450 2340 2290

15. Syed Murad Ali Shah N.Feroze 2540 2310 2170

16. Syed Zafar Ali Shah N.Feroze 2420 2150 2110

17. Mr. Ghulam Murtaza Phul Khairpur 2511 2420 2350

18. Mr. Nawab Khan Wassan Khairpur 2460 2320 2285

19. Malik Mushtaque Awan Sukkur 2570 2425 2400

20. Mr. Muhammad Saleh Lakhan Sukkur 2460 2190 2080

21. Dr Haroon Sumair Ghotki 2520 2410 2375

22. Mr. Muhammed Anwar Ghotki 2480 2230 2200

Average 2412 2270 2196

5. NATIONAL COORDINATED VARIETAL TRIAL (NCVT) 2011-12

In the crop season 2011-12, Bt.CRIS-508 was among the 23 varieties tested in National

Coordinated Bt. Varietal Trials in four locations of Sindh along with two standards. The

seedcotton yield (kg ha-1) of all four locations is presented in Table-7 shows that, on an

average of all four locations Bt.CRIS-508 secured 1st position by producing 1305 kg ha-1

seedcotton yield followed by CEMB-44 (1268 kg ha-1) and VH-259 (1188 kg ha-1)

compared with standards IR-3701 (991 kg ha1) and AA-802 (1047 kg ha1).



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Table-7: Average performance of candidate varieties in respect of seedcotton yield

(kg ha-1) tested in NCVT at four locations in Sindh during 2011-12.

S.No Strain

CCRI,

Sakrand

CRS,

Ghotki

CRS,

Mirpurkhas

ARI,

Tandojam

Sindh

Average

1 CEMB-33 2512 995 135 786 1107

2 CIM-599 2392 1677 180 502 1188

3 CEMB-44 2392 1668 180 832 1268

4 IUB-212 2273 1354 135 633 1099

5 CIM-602 2273 1650 180 633 1184

6 VH-259 2273 1713 180 588 1188

7 IR-NIBGE-4 2273 1533 224 551 1145

8 CR-333 2153 1372 135 560 1055

9 IUB-222 2153 941 180 628 976

10 CIM-595 2033 1847 135 606 1155

11 Bt.CRIS-508 2033 2053 224 908 1305

12 RH-625 2033 1363 180 597 1043

13 CEMB-22 1914 1614 180 461 1042

14 IR-NIBGE-901 1914 1551 224 560 1062

15 FH-4243 1794 1192 180 420 897

16 VH-282 1794 1300 180 759 1008

17 Bt-BH-178 1555 1560 224 456 949

18 IR-NIBGE-3 1555 1739 135 684 1028

19 IUB-2009 1435 789 180 560 741

20 IR-NIAB-824 1435 1004 135 375 737

21 FH-114 1435 2116 180 443 1043

22 CIM-598 1435 1515 135 714 950

23 MNH-886 1435 1757 224 533 987

24 IR-3701 (Std.) 2033 1201 180 551 991

25 AA-802 (Std.) 1914 1435 180 660 1047

Source: Summary Annual Progress Report 2011-12 of PCCC.

6. NATIONAL COORDINATED VARIETAL TRIALS (NCVT) 2012-13

In the second year of testing (2012-13 crop season) in National Coordinated Varietal

Trials on an average of three sites in Sindh Bt.CRIS-508 secured 2nd position by

producing (2024 kg ha-1) seed cotton yield (Table-8) The average seed cotton yield data

of only those varieties which are tested in two consecutive years during 2011-12 to 2012-

13 indicated that Bt.CRIS-508 produced highest seedcotton yield (1665 kg ha-1) and



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secured 1st position among seven varieties sown continuously during both the seasons

followed by IR-NIBGE-4 (1596 kg ha-1) and IUB-222 (1510 kg ha-1).

Table-8: Average performance of candidate varieties in respect of seedcotton yield

(kg ha-1) tested in NCVT at four locations in Sindh during 2012-13.

S.No Strain

CCRI,

Sakrand

CRS,

Mirpurkhas

ARI,

Tandojam

Sindh

Average

1 Bt BH-179 2213 2691 656 1853

2 CEMB-44 718 2572 820 1350

3 CIM-599 2033 2287 802 1708

4 CEMB-55 1674 2242 686 1534

5 CIM-602 2272 2332 448 1684

6 BH-180 2691 2572 442 1881

7 CIM-600 1316 2242 749 1436

8 IR-NIBGE-4 2571 2198 1372 2047

9 IUB-222 2966 2332 834 2044

10 SLH-4 2452 2242 834 1843

11 IR-NIBGE-5 2153 2512 600 1755

12 MM-58 1256 2242 1081 1526

13 Bt. CRIS-508 2870 2467 736 2024

14 VH-282 2272 2377 610 1753

15 BZU-75 1914 2242 1479 1878

16 CIM-598(Std) 1316 2287 829 1477

17 VH-303 2452 2242 610 1768

18 MNH-456 3050 2018 591 1887

19 MNH-886(Std) 1913 2153 708 1591

20 CEMB-33 2631 2063 493 1729

21 FH-142 2631 2422 538 1864

22 GH-242 2332 2063 893 1763

23 FH-118 2511 2467 937 1972

24 RH-627 2392 2198 781 1790

25 NIAB-Bt-1 2032 2422 690 1715

Source: Summary Annual Progress Report 2012-13 of PCCC.



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Table-9: Average seedcotton yield (kg ha-1) of Bt.CRIS-508 compared with common

varieties in NCVT during two consecutive years 2011-12 and 2012-13.

S.

No. Strains 2011 2012 Average

1. Bt.CRIS-508 1305 2024 1665

2. CEMB-44 1268 1350 1309

3. CIM-599 1188 1708 1448

4. CIM-602 1184 1684 1434

5. IR-NIBGE-4 1145 2047 1596

6. IUB-222 976 2044 1510

7. VH-282 1008 1753 1380

7. YIELD AND FIBRE CHARACTERISTICS

The yield and fiber characteristics data presented in Table-10 which shows that,

Bt.CRIS-508 had the highest yield (4046 kg ha), highest ginning out turn i.e. 41.2%,

longer staple length (28.7 mm) and prime micronaire value 4.5µg inch-1 which is better

than all other commercial varieties.

Table-10: Summary of Economic Characters of Bt.CRIS-508 in comparison of

standard varieties as compiled from different phases of testing from 1995 to 2008

Trials Seedcotton yield (kg ha-1)

Bt.CRIS-508 CRIS-509 CIM-499 CRIS-134

Strain Test Trials 3910 3663 2940 3092

Varietal Trials 4713 4306 2667 3567

Zonal Varietal Trials 4240 3558 - 3349

Demonstration Trials 3953 3760 - 3460

Growers Fields 3412 - - 2860

Average 4046 3827 2805 3266

Increase over standard - 6.0% 45.0% 24.0%

GOT%

Strain Test Trials 40.8 36.7 37.9 36.1

Varietal Trials 40.9 38.4 38.0 36.2

Zonal Varietal Trials 41.4 39.5 - 36.2

Demonstration Trials 41.8 38.0 - 36.6

Average 41.2 37.9 38.0 36.3

Increase over standard - 9.0% 9.0% 14.0%



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Staple Length (mm)

Strain Test Trials 28.2 27.7 27.9 27.2

Varietal Trials 28.4 27.8 27.6 26.9

Zonal Varietal Trials 29.5 27.6 - 27.5

Demonstration Trials 28.8 27.4 - 27.4

Average 28.7 27.6 27.8 27.3

Increase over standard - 4.0 4.0% 6.0

Table-11: Fiber characteristics of Bt.CRIS-508 in comparison with the commercial

varieties

Varieties

Seedcotton

Yield

(kg ha-1)

GOT

(%)

Staple

Length

(mm)

Fiber

Strength

(tppsi)

Micronaire

value

(µg inch-1)

Uniformity

Ratio

(%)

Bt.CRIS-508 4046 41.2 27.7 102.6 4.5 85.8

CRIS-509 3827 37.9 27.6 97.6 4.9 85.2

CRIS-134 (Std) 3266 36.3 27.3 95.1 4.8 85.0

CIM-499 (Std) 2805 38.0 27.8 97.3 4.6 84.1

8. SUMMARY OF ECONOMIC CHARACTERS

The data compiled from various trials for different characteristics, presented in Table-11

shows that Bt.CRIS-508 yielded higher than all strains and commercial varieties.

Bt.CRIS-508, on average of different trials produced highest seedcotton yield (4046 kg

ha-1) compared to strain CRIS-509 (3827 kg ha-1), CRIS-134 (3266 kg ha-1) and CIM-499

(2805 kg ha-1). Bt.CRIS-508 increased its yield by 6.0% over CRIS-509, 24.0% over CRIS-

134 and 45.0% over CIM-499. This significant yield increase over CRIS-509 (219 kg ha-1)

and 780 kg ha over CRIS-134 and 1241 kg ha over CIM-499 controls. There is no doubt

makes Bt.CRIS-508, a superior, high yielding variety among the commercial varieties.

Bt.CRIS-508 is not only highly yielding variety but also ginned 9.0% better than

CRIS-509, 14.0% than CRIS-134 and 9.0% than CIM-499. Bt.CRIS-508 measured longer

staple over CRIS-509 4.0%, CRIS-134 6.0% and CIM-499 4.0%.

9. EARLINESS STUDIES

Earliness of Bt.CRIS-508 was compared with commercially grown variety in advance

trials i.e. strains tests and varietal trials conducted at CCRI- Sakrand. The data of



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earliness is presented in Table-12. In strain test, on an average of two years Bt.CRIS-508

was recorded as the earliest among the control CRIS-134 it formed maximum of 22.0

and opened 18.0 bolls at early stages 120 Days after Planting (DAP). While control

CRIS-134 formed 19.0 and opened 14.0 bolls at 120 DAP.

In varietal trial, Bt.CRIS-508 also formed and opened maximum of 24.0 and 17.0

bolls at 120 DAP as compared to control CRIS-134 formed 18.0 and opened 12.0 bolls at

120 DAP. So due to earliness it also helps the growers to vacate early field for wheat

sowing.

Table-12: Earliness of Bt.CRIS-508 in comparison with standard varieties grown in

Sindh in various trials conducted by Central Cotton Research Institute, Sakrand

Detail

of Trial

Year of

Test Varieties

Bolls formed at Bolls opened at

90 DAP 120 DAP 150 DAP 120 DAP 150 DAP

Strain

Tests

2005-06 to

2006-07

Bt.CRIS-508 10 22 35 18 34

CRIS-134 8 19 32 14 30

Varietal

Trials

2007-08 to

2008-09

Bt.CRIS-508 12 24 38 17 37

CRIS-134 10 18 35 12 33

10. ENTOMOLOGICAL STUDIES

The sucking complex population and bollworm damage %age were recorded in twenty

five Bt. cotton strains planted under NCVT during 2011-12 at CCRI-Sakrand to check

their response/resistance against sucking pests and especially bollworms. No insecticide

was applied against bollworm.

The results indicated in Table-13 that infestation of sucking pests varied in

different strains. Population of thrips, jassids and whitefly per leaf was least in Bt.CRIS-

508. Similarly the attack of bollworm was observed below Economic Threshold Level

(ETL) in different strains but no bollworm damage was observed in Bt.CRIS-508.

Table-13: Seasonal average of sucking insect pest and bollworm damage recorded

during 2011-12

Sr.

No.

Strain Average Population/leaf Bollworm

damage (%) Thrips Jassid Whitefly

1. CR-33 2.44 0.29 0.51 0

2. IUB-2009 1.82 0.09 0.51 0



508


3. IR NIAB-824 2.04 0.19 0.52 0

4. IUB-222 2.48 0.26 0.57 0.45

5. IUB-212 2.06 0.13 0.48 0

6. AA-802(Std) 2.71 0.09 0.48 0.33

7. Bt-BH-178 2.68 0.15 0.51 0

8. FH-4243 2.18 0.23 0.52 0.99

9. FH-114 2.72 0.06 0.48 0

10. CIM-595 2.62 0.31 0.58 0.13

11. Bt.CRIS-508 2.32 0.21 0.47 0

12. CIM-598 2.12 0.15 0.47 0.25

13. CIM-599 3.37 0.11 0.46 0

14. CIM-602 2.74 0.13 0.46 0

15. MNH-886 2.00 0.13 0.42 0

16. RH-625 2.18 0.22 0.45 0

17. CEMB-22 1.52 0.11 0.31 0.37

18. CEMB-33 2.58 0.16 0.51 0

19. CEMB-44 2.38 0.14 0.46 0.53

20. IR-NIBGE-3 2.28 0.12 0.40 0

21. VH-259 2.03 0.25 0.54 0

22. IR-NIBGE-901 2.35 0.21 0.44 0

23. VH-282 2.51 0.15 0.60 0

24. IR-NIBGE-4 2.79 0.10 0.45 0

25. IR-3701(Std) 2.56 0.12 0.59 0

LSD (P<0.05) 0.49 0.05 0.10 -

Data presented in Table-14 revealed during the second year of trial infestation of

sucking pests varied in different strains. Population of thrips, jassids and whitefly per

leaf was least in Bt.CRIS-508. Similarly the attack of bollworm was observed below

Economic Threshold Level (ETL) in different strains but no bollworm damage was

observed in Bt.CRIS-508.

Table 14: Seasonal average of sucking insect pests and bollworm damage recorded in

NCVT at CCRI, Sakrand during 2012-13

S. No. Strains Average population/leaf Bollworm damage

(%) Thrips Jassid Whiteflies

1. Bt-BH-178 2.10 0.09 0.19 0

2. CEMB-44 2.16 0.13 0.23 0

3. CIM-599 2.67 0.11 0.28 0



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4. CEMB-55 2.82 0.14 0.26 0.45

5. CIM-602 2.63 0.12 0.23 0

6. BH-180 3.16 0.16 0.22 0

7. CIM-600 1.91 0.07 0.18 0.60

8. IR-NIBGE-4 2.51 0.12 0.24 0

9. IUB-222 1.85 0.25 0.21 0

10. SLH-4 2.71 0.16 0.26 0

11. IR-NIBGE-5 2.95 0.13 0.17 0.36

12. MM-58 2.77 0.22 0.28 0

13. Bt.CRIS-508 2.15 0.11 0.18 0

14. VH-282 2.65 0.16 0.21 0.32

15. BZU-75 1.96 0.11 0.21 0

16. VH-303 2.89 0.11 0.21 0

17. MNH-456 2.71 0.16 0.25 0

18. CEMB-33 2.80 0.12 0.17 0

19. FH-142 2.09 0.11 0.17 0

20. GH-142 2.98 0.16 0.21 0.44

21. FH-118 3.18 0.12 0.20 0

22. IR-627 2.61 0.09 0.22 0

23. NIAB-BT-1 1.95 0.15 0.20 0

24. CIM-598 (Std.-1) 2.78 0.14 0.18 0

25. MNH-886 (Std.-2) 3.08 0.15 0.27 0

LSD(P<0.05) 0.30 0.05 0.04 -

11. PATHOLOGICAL STUDIES

The Pathological studies on Bt.CRIS-508 relating to seedling rot, boll rot and Cotton

Leaf Curl Virus disease were conducted at Central Cotton Research Institute, Sakrand

during 2011-12 and 2012-13 crop season. The average of two years data is presented in

Table-16 indicate that, incidence of seedling rot and boll rot were found 2.85% and

6.55% in Bt.CRIS-508 compared to 4.80% and 9.15% of CRIS-342, respectively. The

incidence of CLCuV in Bt.CRIS-508 was 1.45% compared to 5.05% of CRIS-342 under

Sakrand conditions.



508


Table-15: Disease resistance comparison of Bt.CRIS-508 to other strains and

standards at CCRI-Sakrand Farm.

Variety Seedling rot Boll rot CLCuV

Incidence%

Bt.CRIS-508 2.85 6.55 1.45

CRIS-494 3.95 8.10 3.25

CRIS-510 4.00 7.75 2.45

CRIS-342 (Std.) 4.80 9.15 5.05

12. AGRONOMICAL STUDIES

Sowing Date

In order to determine optimum sowing time strain Bt.CRIS-508 along with CRIS-342

(check) variety were tested in four sowing dates viz; 15th April, 1st May, 15th May and 1st

June during 2012 cotton season at CCRI-Sakrand. The data presented in Table-16

revealed that, Bt.CRIS-508 produced higher seedcotton yield (2730 kg ha-1) in 15th April

sowing followed by 1st May sowing (2229 kg ha-1). Therefore, it can be concluded that

the optimum sowing period of this variety is 15th April to 1st May as compared to 15th

May and 1st June (Late sowing).

Table-16: Seedcotton yield (kg ha-1) of advanced strain Bt.CRIS-508 as affected by

different sowing dates during 2007 and 2008.

Sowing Date Strains Seedcotton yield (kg ha-1)

S1 (15th April) Bt.CRIS-508 2730

CRIS-342 2567

S2 (1st May) Bt.CRIS-508 2229

CRIS-342 2045

S3 (15th May) Bt.CRIS-508 1738

CRIS-342 1575

S4 (1st June) Bt.CRIS-508 1646

CRIS-342 (Std.) 1445

Irrigation Trial

Irrigation requirement trials were conducted to explore the optimum number of

irrigation required by Bt.CRIS-508. Optimum irrigation intervals play a crucial role in

crop growth and development for getting higher yields. On this aspect, an experiment

was conducted for during 2012-13. First irrigation as a common treatment was given



508


after 40 days of planting to all three irrigation treatments; however, subsequent

irrigations were applied at 15, 22 and 29 days intervals.

The data presented in Table-17 reveals that, subsequent irrigations at 15 days

interval gave the highest yield (3397 kg ha-1) followed by 22 days interval (3368 kg ha-1)

as compared to 29 days interval (2972 kg ha-1). This clearly shows that Bt. CRIS-508

produced highest yield when irrigation was applied at 15 days interval.

Table-17: Performance of Bt.CRIS-508 in irrigation trial at CCRI- Sakrand during

2012-13

Irrigation interval Seedcotton yield (kg ha-1)

T1 (15 days interval) 3397



Fertilizer cum Spacing Trial

The yield performance of Bt.CRIS-508 was tested under four different levels of Nitrogen

i.e. 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg Nitrogen per hectare and three plant to plant spacing i.e. 15

cm, 23 cm and 30 cm at CCRI-Sakrand during 2012-13. The data presented in Table-18

showed that, the maximum seedcotton yield (2924 kg ha-1) was obtained at 30 cm

spacing under 200 kg Nitrogen per hectare followed by application of 150 kg N ha-1

(2750 kg ha-1), 100 kg N ha-1 (2437 kg ha-1) and 50 kg N ha-1 (2402 kg ha-1) at the spacing

of 30 cm. Therefore Bt.CRIS-508 has the potential to provide higher yield on normal to

high fertilizer dose and spacing.

Table-18: Effect of Nitrogen and plant spacing on seedcotton yield of Bt.CRIS-508

candidate variety during 2012-13

Treatment Nitrogen Dose Spacing

15cm 23cm 30cm

T1 50 kg ha-1 2054 2193 2402

T2 100 kg ha-1 2228 2298 2437

T3 150 kg ha-1 2559 2611 2750

T4 200 kg ha-1 2681 2803 2924



508


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early maturing, high yielding \u0026 high g.o.t. upland cotton variety bt.cris-508

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