i

BORED PILE FOUNDATION DESIGN AT PROJECT OF

APARTEMEN TAMAN MELATI YOGYAKARTA

Final Project

to complete the requirements of

achieve Bachelor Degree of Civil Engineering

Submitted by:

Sholichatun Nisa

D 100 164 008

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

ENGINEERING FACULTY

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA

2020

ii

VALIDATION SHEET

BORED PILE FOUNDATION DESIGN AT PROJECT OF

APARTEMEN TAMAN MELATI YOGYAKARTA

Final Project

Submitted and defended on the Awareness Test

Final Project before the Board of Examiners

At the date of :...........................

Submitted by:

Sholichatun Nisa

ID: D 100 164 008

Composition of the Board of Examiners:

Supervisor Lecturer:

Anto Budi Listyawan, S.T., M.Sc.

NIDN. 0622036101

1st Examiner

Agus Susanto, S.T., M.T.

NIDN. 0611087101

2nd Examiner

Ir. Renaningsih, M.T.

NIDN. 0624096301

This Final Project is accepted as one of the requirements

To achieve Bachelor's degree in Civil Engineering

Surakarta,.........................

Dean of Engineering Faculty

Ir. Sri Sunarjono,M.T., Ph.D., IPM.

NIDN. 0630126302

Head of Civil Engineering Dept.

Mochamad Solikin, Ph.D.

NIDN. 0617127201

iii

STATEMENT OF FINAL PROJECT AUTHENTICITY

Bismillahirrahmanirrohim,

The Undersigned below:

Name : Sholichatun Nisa

Student ID : D 100 164 008

Faculty / Department : Engineering / Engineering Faculty

Type : Final Project

Tittle : Bored Pile Foundation Design at Project of Apartemen

Taman Melati Yogyakarta

Stating exactly that the final project I made and submitted is my own

work, except for the equotation and summaries, that I have explained the

source of. If in the future and / or can be proven that this thesis is the result

of plagiarism, then I am willing to accept any sanctions from the Civil

Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and/or the degrees and

diplomas granted by Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, I will cancel my

receipt.

Thus I make this statement properly and hopefully can be used as it

should.

Surakarta, October 2020

Who make a statement,

Sholichatun Nisa

D 100 164 008

iv

MOTTO AND OFFERING PAGE

“Indeed with every difficulty there is a relief”

(Al-Insyirah 5)

"Take care of five things before (come) the five (other) things. Your youth

before your old age, your health before your illness, your wealth before your

poverty, your free time before your busyness and your life before your death. "

(HR. Nasai and Baihaqi)

Live to competition. Offer the best. Meaningful to the world. And meaningful

for the afterlife. That’s thanksgiving.

(Author)

Dedicated to:

My priceless treasure, dearest Mom and Dad who always supporting me in every

condition, giving all the prayers, sacrifices, and struggles for my success

Dearest big sisters, who always encouraged me to complete my studies, giving

the moral and material support

My supervisor lecturer, someone who is never tired giving criticism and

suggestion, so I can accomplish this project well

A place for me to gain knowledge, my beloved Civil Engineering Department of

Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

And,

An offerings to my beloved nation and country, Indonesia

v

PREFACE

هتاگربوهللاةمحرومکيلعمالسلا

Alhamdulillah, all praise and gratitude to Allah SWT, with His blessing

final project entitled "Bored Pile Foundation Design at Project of Apartemen

Taman Melati Yogyakarta" can be resolved properly. So that the author can fulfil

the requirement to achieve Bachelor Degree of civil Engineering. In its

completion,of course the author does not do it by herself. Grateful

acknowledgment given to those who have supported the writer in completing her

task. With the completion of this final project, the author would like to thank:

1. Allah SWT who has given the greatest gift of health and time, direction and

guidance, and an opportunity to realize one of the author's big dreams

2. Mr. Sri Sunarjono., Ph.D. as Dean of the Engineering Faculty and Mr.

Mochamad Solikin, as Chair of the Civil Engineering Department of

Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta and his staff, which has provided

facilities for author to be able to complete the research.

3. Mr. Anto Budi Listyawan., S.T., M.Sc. as supervisor lecturer who was

willing to share knowledge and provide guidance to the author patiently,

assist and provide feedback to the author in preparing the final report

4. Mrs. Ir. Renaningsih M.T. as an academic supervisor who always provides

valuable guidance and advice to the author during the study period in Civil

Engineering Department Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

5. Mr. Agus Susanto S.T., M.T., and Mrs. Ir. Renaningsih M.T. as examiners

who contributed many constructive criticisms and suggestions

6. Mr/Mrs. Lecturer of Civil Engineering Study Program Universitas

Muhammadiyah Surakarta who has provided useful knowledge to the author

7. All employees of the Civil Engineering Study Program, University of

Muhammadiyah Surakarta who have served and assisted the authors during

the study and until the completion of this Final Project

vi

8. Author’s bestfriend, who are always willing to hear the author's cries and

complaints and provide support in completing this final project

9. Co-author in the research process, thank you for your contribution

10. My big family who has give the support for me to complete the final project

11. All parties that cannot be mentioned one by one, who have provided a lot of

help and support to me. And all the people who have come and go in my life.

Thank you very much.

There is no vory that is not cracked, same with the completion of this final

project, the author believe that this report is far from perfection. Therefore, the

author expect criticism and constructive suggestions to enhance this report. Lastly,

the author hopes that this Final Project can be useful for author herself and for all

readers.

هتاکربوهللاةمحرومكياعمالسلاو

Surakarta, 16th October 2020

Author

Sholichatun Nisa

vii

TABLE OF CONTENT

COVER ........................................................................................................ i

VALIDATION SHEET .............................................................................. ii

STATEMENT OF FINAL PROJECT AUTHENTICITY ...................... iii

MOTTO AND OFFERING PAGE ........................................................... iv

PREFACE .................................................................................................... v

TABLE OF CONTENT ............................................................................... vii

LIST OF FIGURE ...................................................................................... x

LIST OF TABLE ......................................................................................... xii

LIST OF ATTACHMENT .......................................................................... xiii

LIST OF NOTATION ................................................................................ xiv

ABSTRACT .................................................................................................. xvi

ABSTRAK .................................................................................................... xvii

I. INTRODUCTION

A. Background ................................................................................ 1

B. Problem Formulation ................................................................. 2

C. Research Objective ................................................................... 2

D. Research Benefit......................................................................... 3

E. Limitation Problem .................................................................... 3

F. Research Authenticity................................................................ 4

II. LITERATURE REVIEW

A. Similar Research Review........................................................... 6

III. BASIC THEORY

A. Soil ........................................................................................... 14

B. Soil Investigation ...................................................................... 14

C. Foundation ............................................................................... 16

1. Definition of Foundation ..................................................... 16

viii

2. Types of Foundation ............................................................ 16

3. Bored Pile Foundation ......................................................... 19

D. Load .......................................................................................... 21

1. Dead Load ........................................................................... 21

2. Live Load ............................................................................ 21

3. Earthquake Load................................................................... 22

4. Factor Combination Load .................................................... 22

E. Bearing Capacity of Bored Pile on Granular Soil ................... 22

F. Bearing Capacity of Pile Groups .............................................. 26

G. Number of Piles Needed........................................................... 27

H. Pile Group Efficiency .............................................................. 27

I. Distance Between Piles in Groups ........................................... 28

J. Maximum Load on Pile Group ................................................. 29

K. Pile Cap Planning .................................................................... 30

1. Reinforcement of Pile Cap ................................................... 30

2. Review of the Shear ............................................................. 33

L. Reinforcement of Bored Pile Foundation ................................. 35

M. Stirrup Reinforcement Design .................................................. 35

IV. RESEARCH METHOD

A. General Review ........................................................................ 37

B. Research Data ........................................................................... 37

C. Research Location .................................................................... 37

D. Research Equipment ................................................................. 38

E. Research Method ...................................................................... 39

V. ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION

A. Load Analysis ........................................................................... 42

1. General Data ........................................................................ 42

2. Dead Load Analysis ............................................................. 45

3. Live Load Analysis .............................................................. 46

ix

4. Earthquake Load Analysis ................................................... 46

5. Combination Load ............................................................... 50

6. Input and Output Program SAP 2000 .................................. 50

B. Bearing Capacity Analysis ...................................................... 52

1. Calculation of Bearing Capacity based N-SPT Data ........... 52

2. Number of Piles Needed ...................................................... 60

3. Pile Group Efficiency .......................................................... 60

4. Bearing Capacity of Piles Group ......................................... 62

5. Maximum Load on Piles Group .......................................... 63

C. Pile Cap Design ........................................................................ 66

1. Review of Shear................................................................... 66

2. Reinforcement of Pile Cap .................................................. 72

D. Bored Pile Design ..................................................................... 88

1. Calculation of Main Reinforcement .................................... 88

2. Calculation of Stirrup Reinforcement .................................. 94

VI. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

A. Conclusion ................................................................................ 100

B. Recommendation ...................................................................... 101

REFERENCE

ATTACHMENT

x

LIST OF FIGURE

Figure III.1 Penetration with SPT ............................................................. 15

Figure III.2 Schematic Standard Penetration Test Sequence .................... 16

Figure III.3 Foot Foundation ..................................................................... 17

Figure III.4 Elongated Foundation ............................................................ 17

Figure III.5 Raft Foundation ...................................................................... 18

Figure III.6 Pier Foundation ...................................................................... 18

Figure III.7 Pile Foundation ...................................................................... 19

Figure III.8 Types of Bored Pile Foundation ............................................ 19

Figure III.9 Piles Group ............................................................................. 27

Figure III.10 Distance From Center to Pile Center ..................................... 28

Figure III.11 Load Acting on the Pile Cap .................................................. 30

Figure III.12 One-Way Shear Stress............................................................ 33

Figure III.13 Two-way Shear Stress ............................................................ 34

Figure IV.1 Location Project of Taman Melati Yogyakarta Apartment .... 38

Figure IV.2 Flow Chart of Research .......................................................... 41

Figure V.1 Response Spectrum Diagram Result from Application ......... 48

Figure V.2 Modeling 3D Structure use SAP 2000 Program .................... 51

Figure V.3 Column Frame 161 ................................................................. 51

Figure V.4 Location of the Maximum Axial Load on the 1st Floor ......... 52

Figure V.5 Pile Cap used Diameter 0,4 m ................................................ 62

Figure V.6 Pile Cap used Diameter 0,7 m ................................................ 63

Figure V.7 Load that Work used Diameter 0,4 m .................................... 64

Figure V.8 Load that Work used Diameter 0,7 m .................................... 65

Figure V.9 One-way Shear Stress for Diameter 0,4 m ............................ 67

Figure V.10 Two-way Shear Stress for Diameter 0,4 m ............................ 68

Figure V.11 One-way Shear Stress for Diameter 0,7 m ............................. 70

Figure V.12 Two-way Shear Stress for Diameter 0,7 m ............................ 71

Figure V.13 Detail Reinforcement for Pile Cap 2,20 x 2,20 m ................. 80

Figure V.14 Cross Section I-I for Pile Cap 2,20 x 2,20 m ......................... 80

xi

Figure V.15 Detail Reinforcement for Pile Cap 3,80 x 1,70 m .................. 88

Figure V.16 Cross Section I-I for Pile Cap 3,80 x 1,70 m ......................... 88

Figure V.17 Modelling Bored Pile Foundation Diameter 0,4 m ............... 90

Figure V.18 Section Input Data for Bored Pile Diameter 0,4 m .............. 91

Figure V.19 Material Properties Input for Bored Pile Diameter 0,4 m .... 91

Figure V.20 Reinforcement Input for Bored Pile Diameter 0,4 m ........... 91

Figure V.21 Diagram Interaction for Bored Pile Diameter 0,4 m ............ 92

Figure V.22 Modelling Bored Pile Foundation Diameter 0,7 m ............... 93

Figure V.23 Section Input Data for Bored Pile Diameter 0,7 m .............. 94

Figure V.24 Material Properties Input for Bored Pile Diameter 0,7 m .... 94

Figure V.25 Reinforcement Input for Bored Pile Diameter 0,7 m ........... 94

Figure V.26 Diagram Interaction for Bored Pile Diameter 0,7 m ............ 95

Figure V.27 Reinforcement of Bored Pile Diameter 0,4 m ...................... 98

Figure V.28 Reinforcement of Bored Pile Diameter 0,7 m ...................... 99

xii

LIST OF TABLE

Table III.1 Load Combinations for the Ultimit Method and Permit Stress

Method ........................................................................................ 22

Table III.2 SPT Hammer Efficiencies ........................................................... 23

Table III.3 Borehole, Sampler, and Road Correction Factors ....................... 24

Table III.4 Suggested Safe Factors (Reese and O'Neill, 1989) ..................... 26

Table V.1 Column Type and Dimension ..................................................... 43

Table V.2 Beam Types and Dimensions ...................................................... 43

Table V.3 Live Load Apartment SNI 1727:2013......................................... 46

Table V.4 Classification of Soil Sites .......................................................... 47

Table V.5 Earthquake Acceleration Parameters .......................................... 49

Table V.6 Recapitulation of the Soil Bearing Capacity ............................... 66

Table V.7 Recapitulation of the Pile Cap Reinforcement ............................ 89

Table V.8 Recapitulation of the Bored Pile Reinforcement ........................ 98

xiii

LIST OF ATTACHMENT

Attachment A. Structure Data ......................................................................... L-1

Attachment B. Soil Investigation Data ........................................................... L-7

xiv

LIST OF NOTATION

a = beam pressure compressive height

Ab = Base area of the bored pile (m2)

Ag = Gross area of cross-section (mm2)

As,u = the required reinforcement area

B = Foundation width (m)

bo = circumference critical cross section of the foundation (mm)

bw = Cross-sectional width (mm)

CB = Borehole diameter factor

CS = Sampling Method factor

CR = Rod Length Factor

D = cross section size of the pile

d = Effective height of cross section of structure (mm)

DL = Dead Load

Eg = Efficiency of the pile group

EL = Earthquake Load

Em = Hammer Efficiency

Fb = Resistance of the end of the bored unit (kPa)

f’c = Concrete Quality (Mpa)

L = Length of Pile (m)

LL = Live Load

m = number of piles in 1 column

Mx = moment that works perpendicular to the x-axis

My = moment that works perpendicular to the y axis

n = number of piles in 1 row

np = Number of piles in the group

nx = many piles in a row in the direction of the x-axis

ny = many piles in one direction axis line y

N60 = SPT correction value to the test value

P = axial force that occurs

xv

Pmax = maximum pile load

Pmin = minimum pile load

Qa = Permit bearing capacity of pile (kN)

Qb = Ultimate end resistance (kN)

Qg = Bearing capacity of the pile group (kN)

Qs = Ultimate friction resistance (kN)

Qu = Ultimate bearing capacity of pile (kN)

s = distance between piles (axles to axles)

s = Spacing of reinforcement

SF = Safety Factor

U = Upward lift force (kN)

Vc = Nominal Shear Force held by concrete

Vs = Nominal Shear Force held by Stirrup (N)

Vu = Nominal Shear Force

WL = Wind Load

Wp = Weight of Pile (kN)

X Max = the distance of the pile toward the farthest x axis

Y Max = the distance from the pile to the furthest y axis

∑X2 = number of squares X

∑Y2 = number of squares Y

Ө = arc tg (D/s) (degree)

β = L / B, Ratio from the long side to the short side (m)

λ = 0,75 for lightweight concrete or 1 for normal concrete

αs = 40 for deep column foundations

= 30 for the edge column foundation

= 20 for corner column foundations

Ø = 0,75

xvi

BORED PILE FOUNDATION DESIGN AT PROJECT OF

APARTEMEN TAMAN MELATI YOGYAKARTA

ABSTRACT

Taman Melati Yogyakarta Apartment Project located on Prof. Dr. Sardjito

No. 66 road, Terban Gondokusuman, Yogyakarta City. Taman Melati Yogyakarta

Apartment Project is a new structure consisting of a 5-story building. Foundation

work is one of the most important jobs in a construction, because the foundation

has the function of bearing and holding all the loads that work on it. The soil layer

in Taman Melati Yogyakarta Apartment Project is sand soil with a depth of ± 0 to

40 meters. Groundwater level at that location is 14,50 meters. The foundation

used in this final project is the bored pile foundation with a diameter of 0,4 m and

0,7 m at a depth of 12 m. The objective of the project are analyze the load of the

upper structure that works, calculating the amount of bearing capacity of the bored

pile foundation, and analyze the dimensions and reinforcement design of pile cap

and bored pile foundation. Data collection method used is study literature. Based

on the results of the upper structure analysis used SAP2000 program get value of

largest axial load (P) 3779,897 kN. The bearing capacity of a single bored pile

used Reese and Wright method (1977) with diameter of 0,4 m obtained value of

2108,134 kN and diameter of 0,7 m obtained value of 4338,414 kN. The pile for

diameter 0,4 m needed are 4 piles where the bearing capacity of group piles is

3871,555 kN and for diameter 0,7 m needed are 2 piles where the bearing capacity

of group piles is 4289,926 kN. The pile cap based on SNI 2847-2013 used

dimension 2,20 x 2,20 x 1,30 m and 3,80 x 1,70 x 1,30 m. The x-direction and y-

direction obtained D25-110 for the main reinforcement and D19-110 for the

stirrup reinforcement. The bored pile analysis used SP column program, for

diameter 0,4 m need main reinforcement 6-D20 with the reinforcement area is

1884 mm2 and for diameter 0,7 m need main reinforcement 16-D20 with the

reinforcement area is 5024 mm2. The stirrup reinforcement analysis based on SNI

2847-2013 for diameter 0,4 m obtained Ø10-150 and for diameter 0,7 m obtained

Ø10-300.

Keywords: Bearing Capacity, Bored Pile, Foundation, Pile Cap,

Reinforcement

xvii

PERENCANAAN PONDASI TIANG BOR PADA PROYEK

APARTEMEN TAMAN MELATI YOGYAKARTA

ABSTRAK

Apartemen Taman Melati Yogyakarta berlokasi di Jalan Prof. Dr. Sardjito

No. 66, Terban Gondokusuman, Kota Yogyakarta. Proyek Apartemen Taman

Melati Yogyakarta adalah sebuah bangunan baru yang terdiri dari 5 lantai.

Pekerjaan fondasi adalah salah satu pekerjaan penting dalam konstruksi, karena

fondasi memiliki fungsi mendukung dan menahan semua beban yang bekerja dari

struktur atas. Lapisan tanah di Proyek Apartemen Taman Melati Yogyakarta

adalah pasir dengan kedalaman dari ± 0 sampai 40 meter. Muka air tanah berada

di kedalaman 14,50 meter. Fondasi yang digunakan dalam tugas akhir ini adalah

pondasi tiang bor dengan diameter 0,4 m dan 0,7 m dengan kedalaman 12 m.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis beban yang bekerja dari struktur atas,

menghitung jumlah kapasitas daya dukung dari pondasi tiang bor, dan

menganalisis dimensi serta merencanakan tulangan dari pile cap dan pondasi tiang

bor. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pengumpulan data dan studi

pustaka. Berdasarkan hasil analisis struktur atas menggunakan program SAP2000

memiliki beban aksial terbesar (P) sebesar 3779,897 kN. Kapasitas daya dukung

pondasi tiang bor menggunakan metode Reese and Wright (1977) dengan

diameter 0,4 m mendapatkan nilai 2108,134 kN dan diameter 0,7 m mendapatkan

nilai 4338,414 kN. Pondasi tiang bor untuk diameter 0,4 m membutuhkan 4 tiang

dimana kapasitas daya dukung kelompok adalah 3871,555 kN dan untuk diameter

0,7 m membutuhkan 2 tiang dimana kapasitas daya dukung kelompok adalah

4289,926 kN. Pile cap berdasarkan SNI 2847-2013 memiliki dimensi 2,20 x 2,20

x 1,30 m dan 3,80 x 1,70 x 1,30 m. Tulangan pile cap arah x dan arah y

didapatkan D25-110 untuk tulangan utama dan D19-110 untuk tulangan

sengkang. Analisis pondasi tiang bor menggunakan program SP column untuk

diameter 0,4 m membutuhkan tulangan utama 6-D20 dengan area tulangan adalah

1884 mm2 dan untuk diameter 0,7 m membutuhkan tulangan utama 16-D20

dengan area tulangan adalah 5024 mm2. Analisis tulangan sengkang berdasarkan

SNI 2847-2013 untuk diameter 0,4 m menggunakan Ø10-150 dan untuk diameter

0,7 m menggunakan Ø10-300.

Kata Kunci : Fondasi, Kapasitas Dukung, Pile Cap, Tiang Bor, Tulangan