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Nos. 3 &,VOLUME Vol,Iil,

April 1973

30 Chestnut Park,Toronto, Ontario. M4W 1W6,Canada

nanoraty !'atrolHon. Lesiie M. Frcst, P.C., C.C.,

O.C.. LL,D., D,C.L,

fianatJr./ TtusieesUr. Harry l. PricB

Ho.orary ChairmaoDr. Eonald J. Baird

Tt,e Pe'/. James T. Burtchaell, C.S.C.

lJ;. Jeiemiah A. Dineenlrr- Ernest A. Du Vernet, Q.C.

Lt. Col. C. Sydney Frost, Jr.,c.D., Q.C.

Dr. Robert A. HaletLi. Col. Robefi H. Hiibol-n, Ll.B.E.l.Jrir. G- Kennelh Langford, O.C.

l,!r. Keiih PorterDi- Peier Swann

IrrsieesLlr. Geotirey E. Freeman

Dr. Nicholas l,,lilletDr- Dieier MuellerMiss Winnlf ,ed N?edlerFroiessor Donald B. HedfordM;ss Sus3n TurnerProiessor Ponaid J. Williams

A:ficers,Vr. Gsotirey E. Freqman

Chair;nanPiofessor Donald B. Redford

Vice-Chairmanl,liss Susan Turnor

SscrstaryDr. Nicholas Millet

Treasurer

CONT'ENTS

IntroductionLecturesPeop1ePreliminary Report on the Creation of

a New Bgyptological Journal -Dieter Mueller

Two Additionai Examples of Right SideBreast-Feeding -

Frani< T. IViiosiA Singular Old Kingdom Relief Fragment -

Edmund S. Meltzer

lug*1

1

2

The Sodetjt Jo, rhe Srw\ of Egjprisn Antiquitirs

-l._rPIATE II

-

,+-e..t/

! , )'.1

tr': I

#.l

I. t:i

i\\l --r.

:

'l 'ta

t

o-o-

A SII\TGIILAR OLD IfiNGDOM RtrLlEtr FnAG}villNT

This fiagment of relief (plaie 2)l.rhicir beiongs to MIr. p. B.Ennis of 'l'oronto and lva.s acquired from deaJer Franli Crane of Toronto,is, so far as i have been aJ:le to asceltain, rvittrout knorvn parallels orcounterparts. (The writer tenders his thaniis to Drs" N. E. l;iillet andD. B. Redfor"cl, and to l'/{essrs. f'ranh Yurco of ttie University of Citic;Lgoand R. Fazzini of the tsroold.yn l{useum, r,,'ilh ruirom ire discussed^ iilepiece ai Iength, for trelpful suggestions. )

The materi;il is limestone; the carrring is raiseri r'; lief of goodc1na1ity, br:t the surface is unifoim).y somewhaL v/orn oi'1veatherecl, ancino painb survives. Pr:rtions of two men, bo"h facing right, are ilreserrred:of the figu::e on the right ori15r 169 back of the head re;nains, i,vhiie thehead, shoulders and rigirt arm of his neighbour are visii:le. Ttre arnr isextended forwa.rd, seemingly touching the obliterated shor-rLder of themore ruined figure. tsoth men have simple, s'ry1ized. ciose-croppecl. hairand are othei'wise nondescriot.

Above 'rhe men are two grorips of carved hieroglrTphics rviihcietail, reading righi to ieft horizonLally; ttiey seem to complise twoworcls, =rr$, slvt, rvriiten pironeticaily rviiir no determinaiives-

;{l,};; str,vt: Faullurer CDl4tr:2,53 gives a .vord sf;vt "resemble,srnoothen", [ircl also cnlers sLvlt ns a variant of sivhvi "r,,,aIi< ai'or,rirc1,jou.i:ney, travel" (a developmenT-rvith nrany paraileis)l I regard thelatier as the lnoi'e p;:obable idenLification, and this rriel rvas also arriveilat by Drs. Reclforcl and Mill"et.

n;=>' , ra .:

^Xd Ijlir Pari of the p :'s broken alvay, but the res;ioralionof this letter ca.n be ::ega.rdeci as certain; ihis shape of p, higirel than iiis rvi.de and r.vith a horizontai striation near the botiom, is altesi,erlthroughout the OId l(ingdom, e.g. Srnitir, A l{isiory of tre'5,'piian Si:ulittnra:and Painiing in the OIci Kingciom (Grfora IEZEI- ms"*T? a-5, Z6;5ir45-6tifiedaitijtrasagoodeLymo1ogicaifa:niIy,but is quite eLusive 'in terms of pinning dorvn an applicable meaning r,vitirany degree of confidence.

!7b.1: 3i9 gives \,,,ii-rl "e1-stechen" and rvnpw "Sicg o" :i. " (rvirichis listed in*eDl,A[: 6i as "tFumpir"). Under iheGnEj, wnp, 1Vb. givesPtolemaicpls . 8, 1B;

-CP:R flu*er for st v,/np, citing the i,rvIyTtr ol Ilolr-rs at Eclfuthis is ilie "place of pGrcing'', the 1rlace'uyiisre ihe Suake-

enemy was irnpaled, v. E.A.E. Reymond, Ttre l,{ythlcal Origin ofthe Egyptian Temule (lWanchester 1959): 3BJ-43:4*FeIs.-IIAhr \4:-3r0;ffiairilrff;T-o.

- I - *--r.\

wb. I also has an entry yrpt.,& #(X YKI as adesignatiofr oTlhe left foot of Nephthyi ili ilrb roor< of the De#, citingNaville Todtenbuch l2r, schlussrede, 4\. Looking this up, rve finci(Nrrill* II: 8297:

_7L-*A

'r--q"

r-:7il-$LJ

_b-

Ai](BMT-913)

z_

,-'-rA

fro

wI

/

Tf("orfrE Ram.

xK)

il)!{trRA,)

lh- pA

f::7rlp^

_h.o

wallis Budge, in his trgyptian Hieroglyphic Dictionary I: 168.giv-es an entry for 31p ';to- cut, El ;' ^""'

and immediateiy be16fr, the entry:a\*uno_t hi))

E6with no. refe-T.grce. Heinrich Brugsch,Wcjrterbuch I:'259, has an item for thethe source of Budge's:

Ad Pb Ae(Blvf*100e) (Louvre rir) (Biv{8864)

-l lLA

"(*-g

=*E:7L]

*r\r8

Aa(tsM33oo)(Wb.'sversion)

:-r--)# JIl !rpa

Gcb

ne

(Others too incomplete for leal viilue).

?hese passages show confusion and corruption, and at least two differenttraclitions (Nephthys and Hathor); "wnpt" is written five different lvays,and i.n Pb is taken as two words, wnrbpen" and pt ,EeEven". ?ireseoccurrences are plainly no heip in-?-ecibing the ,i"Tirritioo of wnpt. ?heentrv in the Belegsteilen for wg.'* wnpt (!Lryb!:gy! refersffito Junker3948:?1, EuT-Tiftariiee mereiy *enE";ffip nhs ,,das Erstechen desnffir-

::=-r.,

LJfl.Ja lllM!._--{

ma

:llLJh-j

?G

"waste, ruin, destruction"

Hie ro glyphis ch-De motis che ssame-wffiess

r

heit, derubrigens

-10-J=P

JJJ E# _q1IfJ (Todi. 125, 6C) offe*bar: "ciie trlieciergesctiiage**ZilsLaird des wie vernichiet seirl's'r, AJfli*tion" Das R/ort istsehr selten.

Brugsch's llook of the Ifead r:efer"ence takes us. bacl< t.o thepassages cited a'borre;the rvriting giveir by Brug;scii zind Buclge isclosest to tlie Ti version. We have seen ttrat tirose occurreiices clo rrotprovide a p;ood basis for a clefinition. and lve must conclude that tliesetrvo scholars settled on a meaniiig with the help of wnp. Thus in rnyvier.v their defini"tions "defeai, affliction, ruin, rvasteFa.re nei-cirercertain for these occurrences itor bin<iing for others.

The tvnpt on the relief r"iirder discussion is mosL likely afeminine subs'canlive cleri.vdcl from the rooi wnp whicir api:ears in ttrecognates r.ve have mentioned, and is per.haps-idEnticnl with tire ryorclwnpt in the phrase quoted from the Ab rns. of tiie Booii of ihe Dead above.C[r writing lacks any kinci of coniext, arrd li]re Brugsch ancl Br.rclge, thebesl we can clo is make tentative proposals guided by cognaies. 'i'husit is possii:le to interpret our wnpt as relaiing to triurnph or victory,,cLosely alliecl or synonyrno'lls flfiE-l'inprq and it is also plausible to argtiathat the rvord is a. rnore littrral clerivaiive of wnp rvith a rneaning sucitas "piercing, impaling".

Wiih great reserve rve rvouid suggest,ur,'npL sir.,:t as "i;:iumnh/victory (?), vralking aboui-", in which case a 1:roceGion or celeiri^:i.i.ionrelating to military rrictory woi-rld be inr.,oiyed, oi' "impaiing;,/pie r:cing ('l),lvalliing about", in whicn case rve rvo,:lC be deaiing r.,,;ith a rituai aciion ofsome sort. The nondescript aspect and fragrneiriary pireserrration of tirefigures adds to the difficuliy of inteipretation. Dr, l{iilet has pointed outthat the stwt is inscribed lor,ver dorvn than ihe wnpt" rvhich coulcl be tairerrto inclic*e-That they are hvoEnlircly separate calti*,ru. Ho!,/ever, inview of the incomplete state of tire flg".rres it remains cebatable wi:e'lh,ertrvo entirely different a.ctions should appiy io the two men. Thisobservaiion increases the uncertainty of interpreiing r,,rhich is going on inthis scene.

Dr. htlillet feeis ttrat the reiief most likely belong;s to tlteFiftir Dynasty; ihis writer woulc', ltLso consirier a Sixih Dynasty ci;rtc-,.Dr. Millet has clr:twn tl-re lvriiei''s ai'reirtion io tiie iai"g-e siz-e of tl:eirie;:ogiyphs and the srna11 size of the figures, noting tira'r ihere welreprobably at least two registers of siriaLl people at-iending ori a mucirlarger, dominaiing figure. Winir"red Needler has cornnie nted on tiresame featu::e in the relief of afair-bearer in the Royai Ontario Mriseum:

.?

- 11 -

"The scale of the hieroglyphs ancl the stars, vrhichare too large for the sunshade bearers, rvoulcl indicate theoriginal presence of a large a:rd important figurett.

(Annual, Art a:rd Archaeologv Division, R. O" M., 1959:35).

One cluestion rrhich presents itself is whetirer we shouldregard the piece as royal or private work; again, a conslusive ciecisiondces not seem feasible. Whiie it is trtie that the large missiugpersonagecould be a king, scoi'es of examples sho,,v that ihe rnaster of the estateenjoyed similar prerogaiives in size in relaiion to his subordinates.

If tire scene pertains to military victory ii lvould be m:cl:mcre in a.ccord with royal lrtonuments. In the Sixth Dynas'ty we fi:rdbaLtlescenes in trvo privaie tomLrs, Inti at Deshasha a:rd l(aer:rheset atSakkara (Smith, op. cit.:212, figs. 85-6, and Tire Cld Kingclorn inEgypt, Cambridge*18*ti5: 4?),

'as weli as the iex@n

TLi-rlL r: 101-5) and other mentions of mititary acii\rity in tire textsof private tombs (v. Kadish, "O1d Kingdom IJgyptian Activiiy-irffiGbia:Some Recorrsic'rerati.ons", JEA 52: 23-33). I{ower.,er, Iepresenta-iionsrv:th military themcs are much mcre characteristic oflroffi r,ioi:f, cjf*iliat periocl and are soiicl.Ly attesied through the Fifih Dynasty (Srnith

&Slt. &fj1g!." 1B2, 202*3; _q!g 43). Iircleed, Srnitir notes a battle-sceue inlFtauseway of the Unas complex as "a royal precedenl for"the two private battlescenes (Sculpt. f: Paint. 1BZ). If on th'e other1ranciariiua1$Ceneisinvo1-,.e@a.rystateofourre1iefarrdthe lack of parallels preclude identification.

Stylistically, on the basis of availai:le material, thisreiief seems to this rvriteF-mcre compa,iil:le with the Fifih-StxthIlynasff pyranricl complexes than'rvith the Fifth l)ynasty Sun-teinples(ancirvenoTe-ffipyran.lidcompiexesLiratsCeneSoftriumphhave l:een found, but lve do not wish to p:"ess this point because of the 1

yery incornpleie stale of ihe material). As we ha.re remarl*ed, the::eseem to be no pai':Lllels for Mr. Eniris'fragment, i;ui this does notpreclude an origin from a Fif th or Sixth Dynasty royal lnonumenL l:vany meallri, as so much of these mcnuments is desLro'r.ed and rnissing.Inc,{eed, the absence of parallels could strengihen the llt'esumption thaitire piece comes from a royal ratl:er than aprivate source, iu vietvof the much fi-iller ciocun:entation of private monurflen'r-s of tlre pet:iod.

Thus, one mi:st consider the possibility that this limestonerelief fragment originates frorn a royaJ. monumetrt, aitcl for the meantime

I

-L2-

it stands as a unique piece'- f.his writer' along with Mr' Ennis'

wishes to exnoJd-fgypiologists, all perso$s involved in rnuseum

col1ectior,., ,rri"iffa* ""rir"irrr to mal<e.known any parallel

piece which *ay exlst, thus mffiY:::*1"-*the interpretation of

iti" u"igmatic and higtrly tantalizing fragment'

Edmund S' Meltzer

*****