darfur: environment and recovery
DESCRIPTION
Presentation on key environmental challenges in Darfur.TRANSCRIPT
United NationsSudan
Environment and recovery in Darfur
Slide 1Apr-10 | 100321 Office of the Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator
United NationsSudan
Recovery priorities
Slide 2Apr-10
12
34
EnvironmentEducation
LivelihoodsGovernance
Priorities
Four initial priorities for early recovery in Darfur
Office of the Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator
United NationsSudan
Climate change impacts livelihoods
Rain only falls during four months of the year and has become increasingly erratic in Darfur. (UNEP)
Apr-10 Slide 3Office of the Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator
United NationsSudan
Rainfall will become more erratic
Slide 4Apr-10
1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 20100
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Source: UNEP (2008)
19 of the 25 driest years in North Darfur ( ) occurred after 1972 (average rainfall in mm)
mmAverage rainfall in North Darfur in the year
25 years with lowest average rainfallTen-year average
Office of the Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator
United NationsSudan
Water scarcity is a key problem
Water scarcity is a major problem in Darfur. The high demand for water in IDP camps has impacted ground water levels. (UNEP)
Apr-10 Slide 5Office of the Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator
United NationsSudan
Forest trends in North Africa
Slide 6Apr-10
Source: FAO Global Forest Resource Assessment (2005)
Unlike Sudan, many countries have managed to slow or reverse the loss of forest
Tunisia
Egypt
Algeria
Morocco
Niger
Sudan(2005=675,460 km2, 1990=763,810 km2)
100
+20%
+40%
+60%
Change in forest area (1990=100)
rela
tive
to 1
990
-20%
ChadBurkina Faso
-40%
Lybia
1989 20051990
Office of the Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator
United NationsSudan
Deforestation progresses
A market in Darfur: The trees have been cut down for fuelwood ant to provide the animals with fodder. (UNEP)
Apr-10 Slide 7Office of the Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator
United NationsSudan
No African country lost more forest than Sudan
Slide 8Apr-10
42.3
28.1
8.8
7.0
6.9
6.7
6.2
6.1
4.8
4.7
Brazil
Indonesia
Sudan
Myanmar
DRC
Zambia
Tanzania
Nigeria
Mexico
Zimbabwe
0 10 20 30 40
Forest area destroyed 1990-2005 (million hectares)
Source: FAO Global Forest Resource Assessment (2005), * selected forest reserves from UNEP, Destitution, distortion, deforestation (2008)
Destruction of South and West Darfur forests*
100%
50%
100%
100%
100%
50%
50%
Nyala (Kunduwa)
Gereida
Murtagellow
El Geneina (Kyangata)
Sisi
El Geneina (green belt)
Mornei
Office of the Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator
United NationsSudan
Demand for fuelwood increases
Charcoal and fuelwood in a market in Darfur. (UNEP)
Apr-10 Slide 9Office of the Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator
United NationsSudan
Woodland is lost to the desert
The open woodland adjacent to a former settlement near El Geneina has been deliberately destroyed. (UNEP)
Apr-10 Slide 10Office of the Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator
United NationsSudan
Growing seasons frequently fail...
Slide 11
70 – 80%
Percentage of failed seasons (low / high )
80 – 90%
Source: Adapted from ILRI/TERI (2006), Mapping climate vulnerability and poverty in Africa, HadCM3 A1
Apr-10
No season
0 – 10%10 – 20%20 – 30%30 – 40%40 – 70%
Failed seasons
Office of the Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator
United NationsSudan
...and will fail more often in the future
Slide 12
Source: Adapted from ILRI/TERI (2006), Mapping climate vulnerability and poverty in Africa, HadCM3 A1
Apr-10
Percentage of failed seasons by 2050 (low / high )
70 – 80%80 – 90%
No season
0 – 10%10 – 20%20 – 30%30 – 40%40 – 70%
Failed seasons
Office of the Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator
United NationsSudan
Fertile lands under threat
The boundary between the overgrazed sandy rangeland and the threatened rain-fed agricultural zone. (UNEP)
Apr-10 Slide 13Office of the Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator
United NationsSudan
Livelihoods are fragile
Women, seeking out a livelihood, gather fodder 13 km from the camp to sell on the local market. (UNEP)
Apr-10 Slide 14Office of the Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator
United NationsSudan
Range land is overgrazed
As a result of overgrazing, the topsoil of this rangeland near El Geneina, Western Darfur, is being eroded by wind and water. (UNEP)
Apr-10 Slide 15Office of the Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator
United NationsSudan
Land use patterns change
Forest ( ) and agriculture ( ) in 1973 Forest ( ) and agriculture ( ) in 2000
Source: UNEP, Sudan, Post-Conflict Assessment (2007)
Closed forest Bushland Wetland Rainfed agriculture Built-up areas Road River Settlement
Umm Danga
0 25km5 1510 20
Umm Danga
Migration route
Apr-10 Slide 16Office of the Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator
United NationsSudan
Brick making over-exploits limited resources
A brick kiln at Abu Shouk camp in North Darfur. One large tree is needed to fire approximately 3,000 bricks. (UNEP)
Apr-10 Slide 17Office of the Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator
United NationsSudan
Brick production has surged
Slide 18Apr-10
2004 2005 2006 20070
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Source: UNEP (11/2008)
Bricks produced and taxed in Nyala (in million)
Office of the Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator
United NationsSudan
Brick making puts pressure on the environment
In a mango orchard near Kalma IDP camp in Nyala, large amounts of clay have been extracted for use in brick-making. This has exposed the trees' root systems and will eventually lead to their death. (UNEP)
Apr-10 Slide 19Office of the Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator
United NationsSudan
Cities expand
Prime agricultural land next to the wadinear expanding El Geneina. (UNEP)
Apr-10 Slide 20Office of the Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator
United NationsSudan
Darfur’s population has increased almost six-fold since ‘73
Slide 21Apr-10
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 20050
2
4
6
8
Source: Sudan Central Bureau of Statistics
Population growth puts additional pressure on the environment
mill
ion
2008
Annual growth rate ~2% since 1993
1973
Office of the Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator
United NationsSudan
Four priorities for recovery
Slide 22Apr-10
Programmes to help make life sustainable for more than 7.5 million people in Darfur
4 priorities
1
2
3
4
Environment•Help reforest Darfur’s national forest reserves
• Improve management of water sources
• Invest in environmental energy and construction
Education•Primary and secondary education
•Provide vocational training
•Support to Darfur’s universities
Governance and capacity•Ensure state and local institutions protect and perform accountably
•Support development planning and decentralization
Agriculture / livelihoods•Boost creation of value-added in urban livelihoods
• Improve land management
•Advance agro-forestry
Office of the Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator
United NationsSudan
For more information please contact
• Mr Georg Charpentier | Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary General, Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator, UNDP [email protected] | +249 9121 61133 | Special Assistant Mr Nicholas Aarons | [email protected] | +249 9121 74578
• Mr Toby Lanzer | Deputy Resident and Humanitarian [email protected] | +249 9121 57247 | Special Assistant Ms Myriam Mohammedi | [email protected] | +249 9121 67760
• Mr Kersten Jauer | Coordination [email protected] | +249 9121 46700
Slide 23Office of the Resident and Humanitarian CoordinatorApr-10
