antinoja claim reporttupa.gtk.fi/raportti/valtaus/7455_1_7685_1_7797_1_3.pdf · jvx chose the above...

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Suite 404, World Trade Centre, 999 Canada Place, Vancouver, BC V6C 3E2 Canada. T: +1 (604) 844 2838 F: +1 (604) 513 0079 FINLAND OFFICE: Lahnakankaantie 143, PL 10, 86801, Pyhäsalmi, Finland. T: +358(0)8788775 F: +358(0) 8788776

www.belvedere-resources.com

Claim Relinquishment Report for the Antinoja Claims

7455/1

7685/1

7797/1

7797/2

7797/3

AUTHOR: Dr Toby Strauss DATE: 21st December, 2009


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Description of the Claim Area The Antinoja claim area consisted of 5 claims covering a total area of 489.81 hectares. The details of the claims are provided in Table 1 and shown in Figure 1.

Name Number Claim Granted Area Ha Antinoja 7455/1 18/02/2003 98.45 Antinoja 2 7685/1 02/02/2004 91.20 Antinoja 3 7797/1 24/08/2004 100.70 Antinoja 4 7797/2 24/08/2004 98.66 Antinoja 5 7797/3 24/08/2004 100.80

489.81

Table 1 Details of the Antinoja Claims

Figure 1 Topographic map showing the location of Belvedere’s Antinoja Claims The reason for the application was to evaluate the Au potential of the property as previously identified by the GTK and Outokumpu. Potential by-products included silver, copper, tungsten and molybdenum. The coordinate system used for this report is the Finnish KKJ-2


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Geophysical Surveys Time domain induced polarization (IP)/resistivity and magnetic surveys were conducted over the Antinoja grid during the periods December 16 to 19, 2003 and January 10 to 18, 2004. The survey was conducted by JVX Ltd of Toronto, Canada. The Antinoja grid is made up of east/west traverse lines at a 200 m line separation (Figure 2).

Figure 2 Map showing the location of the ground geophysics survey lines Traverse line and station numbers are based on UTM northings (minus 7 080 000) and eastings (minus 2 500 000) as provided by Belvedere. Lines surveyed, station of the first (P1start) and last (P1end) position of the potential electrode nearest the current electrode (P1), their separation, station of the first (Mstart) and last (Mend) total magnetic intensity readings and their separation are:


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Line P1start P1end P1sep Mstart Mend Msep

6300 11000 12775 1775 10825 12800 1975 6500 10700 12625 1925 10600 12650 2050 6700 10550 12375 1825 10450 12400 1950 6900 10525 12125 1600 10375 12150 1775 7100 10400 11825 1425 10225 11850 1625 7300 10350 11625 1275 10125 11650 1525 7500 10150 11375 1225 10000 11400 1400 7700 10000 11075 1075 9825 11100 1275 7900 9950 10825 875 9775 10850 1075 8100 9900 10625 725 9650 10650 1000

Totals 13.725 km 15.650 km

Ground Magnetic Surveys

Survey Specification

The survey was carried out using Scintrex ENVIMAG magnetometers. The ENVI MAG is part of a ground proton precession magnetometer / gradiometer / VLF system. In stop and measure mode, total magnetic intensities are measured to 0.1 nT and recorded with line, station, date and time in digital memory. It can also operate as a base station. For this region (23° east, 63.5° north), the geomagnetic field (IGRF) has an amplitude of around 51,900 nT. Its inclination and declination are 75° and 6° east of north. Total magnetic intensity readings were taken every 12.5 m. At the end of every survey day, base station corrections are applied to the magnetic data.

Survey Results

Over most of the grid (Figure 3), the magnetics shows variations in the range of 51925 to 52075 nT – a relatively narrow range of 150 nT. There is no consistent pattern or grain and no evidence of north/south shear zones or other linear structures. The higher values in the centre and western parts of the grid may represent mafic metalavas. The strong magnetic high in the southeast corner of the grid is not explained. Peak amplitudes are +500 nT. This feature is open to the northwest and south.


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Figure 3 Total magnetic field, with reference to claims and topography

IP/Resistivity Survey

Survey Specifications

Scintrex IPR12 time domain receiver.

For each potential electrode pair, the IPR12 measures the primary voltage (Vp) and the ratio of secondary to primary voltages (Vs/Vp) at 11 points on the IP decay (2 second current pulse). These 11 points (or slices or windows) are labelled M0 to M10. There is the option for an additional user defined slice (Mx). Units of measurement are millivolts (Vp) and milliVolts/Volt (mV/V) for M0 to M10 and Mx. Time settings are:


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Vp : 200 to 1600 msec M0 centred at 60 msec (50 to 70) M1 centred at 90 msec (70 to 110) M2 centred at 130 msec (110 to 150) M3 centred at 190 msec (150 to 230) M4 centred at 270 msec (230 to 310) M5 centred at 380 msec (310 to 450) M6 centred at 520 msec (450 to 590) M7 centred at 705 msec (590 to 820) M8 centred at 935 msec (820 to 1050) M9 centred at 1230 msec (1050 to 1410) M10 centred at 1590 msec (1410 to 1770) Mx centred at 870 msec (690 to 1050)

The apparent resistivity is calculated from Vp, the transmitted current and the appropriate geometric factors. M0 to M10 define the IP decay curve. The M8 or Mx slice is commonly presented in contoured pseudosections. JVX chose the above settings for Mx in order to better reflect an IP measurement (M7) from the older Scintrex IPR11 time domain receiver. In IPR11 surveys from the 1980s, this chargeability window was most often plotted and experience gained is based in part on this measurement. The IPR12 also calculates the theoretical decay that best fits the measured decay. The theoretical decay is based on the Cole-Cole impedance model developed in the 1970s. The fit is based on a set of theoretical master curves with restrictions that limit the value of the calculation. JVX uses a different method to calculate impedance parameters (see below). Scintrex IPC-7 2.5 kW time domain transmitter

This transmitter is powered by an 8 hp motor generator and produces a commutated square wave current output with current on times of 2, 4, 8, or 16 seconds. A 2 second current pulse was used (base frequency of .125 Hz). Output current is stabilized to within ±0.1% for up to 50% external load or ± 10% input voltage variations. Voltage, current and circuit resistance are displayed in analog and digital form.

The pole-dipole array was used. This combination array uses up to 7 potential electrode pairs. The distance from the current electrode to the first potential electrode is always 25 m. When fully extended, the potential electrode separation (‘a’ spacing) for the first 4 electrode pairs is 25 m. The ‘a’ spacing for the last 3 electrode pairs is 50 m. This might also be described as a=25 m, n=1,4 + a=50 m, n=2.5,4.5. It is equivalent to a=25 m, n=1,10 with some loss of resolution in the later dipoles. On every second move, the current electrode is advanced 25 m to a position formerly occupied by the first potential electrode. The receiver moves to what was P2. The array is now defined by a=25 m, n=1,3 + a=50 m, n=2,4 and would be equivalent to a=25 m, n=1,9. The whole string of potential electrodes is then moved forward 25 m and the process repeated until end of line.


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As the shape of IP anomalies in pole-dipole surveys depends on the orientation of the array, the current – potential electrode orientation is fixed for any survey grid. Over the Antinoja grid, the potential electrodes were always laid out to the west of the current electrode.

Data Processing

At the end of every survey day, the IP/resistivity data are dumped to a PC. The data are checked for quality and quantity. The data are edited and corrected to remove duplicate or incorrect results. In the office, data processing and plotting are based in large part on the Geosoft Sushi (IP pseudosections) and Oasis Montaj V4.1 geophysical data processing systems. Impedance modelling software (see below) is based on a suite of programs, originally developed by Scintrex and later modified by JVX. The compilation map was prepared using AutoCAD drafting software. The pseudosections are plotted using standard depth and position conventions. These plot forms have been found to give a reasonable image of target location, width and depth where 1) the anomalously chargeable and/or resistive body is an isolated, near-vertical tabular body, 2) where background chargeabilities and resistivities (overburden and host rock) are uniform and 3) where the terrain is relatively flat. They are more difficult to interpret for irregular or nearby chargeable bodies and where there is any amount of conductive cover or topographic relief. Forward or inverse modelling may be useful in such cases. Colour contours in the pseudosections are assigned by equal area distribution for each individual pseudosection. Minor line to line changes in colour assignment may occur. Impedance Modelling

The Cole-Cole impedance model was developed in the 1970s after it became clear that chargeability is not a simple physical property like resistivity. Field studies revealed it to be a complex physical property that involves at least three physical characteristics of the chargeable body. In this model, the low frequency electrical impedance - Z(ω) - of rocks and soils is defined by 4 parameters. They are

r0 : DC resistivity in ohm.m m : true chargeability amplitude in mV/V tau : time constant in seconds c : exponent The form of the model is given by

Z(ω) = r0 {1 – m [1 - (1+(iωτ)c)-1]} ohm.m where ω is the angular frequency (2πf).


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The true chargeability is a better measure of the volume percent electronic conductors (some metallic sulphides, magnetite, graphite). The time constant is a measure of the square of the average grain size. The exponent is a measure of the uniformity of the grain size. Common or possible ranges are 0 to 1 (m), .001 to 1000 seconds (tau) and .1 to .5 (c). In time domain IP surveys, impedance model parameters may be estimated using a best fit between theoretical and measured decays. (Johnson, I.M., 1984, Spectral induced polarization parameters as determined through time-domain measurements: Geophysics, 49, 1993-2004). Software to affect this best fit was developed by Scintrex for the IPR11 in the 1980s. In order to use this software, the IPR11 decay is interpolated from the IPR12 decays. Impedance model parameters are only apparent. Resistivity and true chargeability amplitudes are subject to the effects of array geometry, target shape, size and attitude, geometric and physical attenuation. The apparent time constant and c values are less affected by geometric effects.

Survey Results

Grid average apparent resistivities (Figure 4Figure 5) are 3300 ohm.m (n=2) and 4800 ohm.m (n=5). These are relatively high values and suggest a thin cover of transported overburden, no clays and resistive bedrock. These are ideal numbers for IP which may be handicapped if resistivities are too low (reduced exploration depth due to overburden masking) or if resistivities are too high (poor electrode contact). Very high resistivities in the early dipoles suggest bedrock / topographic highs and possible outcrop. As earlier examination for Cu, Au mineralization in these areas is probable, these features may define areas of less exploration interest. Local high resistivities associated with chargeability highs may indicate silicification and are favourable attributes for gold. Grid average Mx chargeabilities (Figure 6Figure 7) are 7 mV/V (n=2) and 10 mV/V (n=5). These are normal values for many IP surveys over crystalline basement with little overburden and infrequent bedrock conductors. Most chargeability highs are concentrated in a central north/south trending band that is 600 to 1000 m wide. The IP pseudosections show a number of discrete chargeability anomalies that would be consistent with a near-vertical zone of disseminated sulphides. Time constants vary over the full range but c values are often low. The ideal geophysical response to many shear zone hosted gold deposits is a weak to moderate Mx anomaly, coincident higher resistivities, a high MIP value, short time constant (fine grain size) and high c value (uniform grain size). The IP pseudosections are provided on the accompanying data disc.


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Figure 4 Map of Resistance (n=2)


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Figure 5 Map of Resistance (n=5)


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Figure 6 Map of Chargeability (Mx=2)


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Figure 7 Map of Chargeability (Mx=5)

IP/Resistivity Anomaly Identification

IP and resistivity anomalies are manually picked on the pseudosections, transferred and fine drawn on the compilation map. The purpose is to identify the location and extent in plan of the probable top of the chargeable body. This form of interpretation and presentation is ideally suited to near-vertical, discrete tabular bodies of increased chargeability and/or increased resistivity. It is not well suited to bodies that are more horizontal than vertical. Additional information carried over with the anomaly picks include an indication of Mx and apparent resistivity anomaly amplitudes (rated as strong, medium or weak), the ‘n’ value that best defines the top of the anomaly (depth indication), the true chargeability amplitude (spectral MIP) and the time constant (abbreviated as L(ong), M(edium) or M(ixed) and S(hort)). Chargeability amplitude classifications are; 1) less than 5 mV/V above background (weak), 2) 5 to 10 mV/V above background (medium) and 3) more than 10 mV/V above background (strong). Resistivity anomaly declarations of strong, medium and weak are more subjective.


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Compilation Map The IP/resistivity anomaly symbols are transferred to the compilation map (Figure 8). Where possible, IP anomalies are connected into IP zones. This is the most subjective part of the work, particularly where the magnetics are of little help and one the connection is over a distance of 200 m or more. It involves stacking the Mx chargeability pseudosections into a quasi-grid and looking for plausible connections between IP anomalies of similar shape, style and amplitude. The result may be inconsistent with the plan maps of contoured chargeability (n=2 and n=5). Gridding algorithms favour trends that run normal to the survey line and this may not always be the best choice. This applies to the south-central part of the grid. The pseudosections suggest the forms shown on the compilation map. The plan maps would not. The magnetics supports the first view. The strong magnetic high in the southeast corner of the grid is outlined.

Figure 8 Interpretive compilation map of geophysical surveys


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Discussion The IP results are dominated by a 600 to 1000 m wide band of high chargeabilities that trends north/south and covers the centre section of the grid. This band may coincide with an area mapped as mafic metalavas. This centre band holds 37 (60%) of the 61 IP anomalies picked. Most of the strong IP anomalies are in this band. Of the 37, 28 (75%) show long time constants, 4 are medium or mixed and 5 are short. Other than anomaly amplitude, there is little to rank one IP zone over another. On an absolute scale, peak chargeabilities are not that high; 2 to 3 times background levels. The best places to check this centre section may be over wide, strong n=1 chargeability / resistivity highs. See for example lines 6500, station 11150 to 11275. Comparison with the till geochemistry should tell more.

Of the 24 IP anomalies picked outside the central band, most are weak to moderate and most suggest a narrow, vertical tabular source. Of the 24, 11 (46%) show long time constant, 3 are medium or mixed and 10 are short. Of the 24, 17 (71%) show a coincident or nearby resistivity high. Of the 10 short time constant IP anomalies picked outside the centre band, 8 show a coincident resistivity high. The average MIP amplitude for these 8 is only 165 mV/V. This is not high and suggests a modest volume percent and total volume of chargeable material (commonly disseminated Fe sulphides). Five of the IP zones outside the central band of elevated chargeabilities have been highlighted for comment. They hold 17 of the 24 IP anomalies outside the central band. They are labelled A to E on the compilation map. Labelling does not reflect ranking.

Zone A

A 3 line IP zone with some good values over some width (n=1). Check points are line 7100 (11050 to 11100) and line 7300 (10975 to 11000). With high resistivities (8000 ohm.m) at surface, the former is the place to look first. Lower resistivities (850 to 1000 ohm.m) over the latter imply some thickness of overburden. Long time constants and low c values do not add interest.

Zone B

An IP zone parallel to and just east of zone A. If Mx amplitude is most important, the best place to check this zone is at line 7300 (11125 to 11150). Near surface resistivities are 1600 to 1900 ohm.m. This zone might also be checked at line 7100 (11175). Mx amplitudes are lower but short time constants and higher resistivities add value.


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Zone C

An IP zone optimistically connected over 5 lines. High chargeabilties and resistivities over some width near surface make line 6900 (11750 to 11800) the best places to start. The broader IP anomaly is weaker at depth but shows the classical shape expected with the pole-dipole array. Time constants are long and c values are small. Low resistivities over the other IP anomalies in this zone may mean more difficult access.

Zone D

A 3 line IP zone just wet of Zone C. The best place to check this target is at line 6500 (11850 to 11875). Resistivities are 2000 to 2500 ohm.m. A resistivity high, centred 50 west of the IP anomaly, may mask a weaker resistivity high associated with the target. Spectral IP parameters do not add value.

Zone E

A 3 line IP zone in the extreme southeast corner of the grid. IP anomalies on lines 6300 and 6500 are of the classic pole-dipole shape. Check at line 6300 (12250 to 12300) and line 6500 (around 12300). Mx amplitudes make the first location the better target. Resistivities favour the second. Proximity to a magnetic high may add interest.

Geological Mapping

Pitting As there is only minimal outcrop on the Antinoja property, Belvedere undertook a large programme of excavating pits to access the bedrock, and to enable sampling and mapping of the bedrock, as well as taking till samples from the bedrock interface. In total 119 pits were excavated using a locally sourced excavator. Not all pits could be mapped due to instability in the pit walls, or large inflows of water. In some cases bedrock depth exceeded the maximum reach of the excavator, and thus bedrock samples were unable to be collected. All of the pits were refilled after sampling and mapping was completed. The location of the pits are shown in Figure 9. An interpretation of the geology in the area covered by the pitting programme is provided in Figure 10. The full details are provided in an .xls fle in the accompanying data disc.


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Figure 9 Location of pits


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Figure 10 Simplified bedrock geology based on the pitting, the pale area is porphyries whereas the blue area is the supracrustal succession composed of micaschists and metavolcanics


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Till Surveys Belvedere collected about 10 kg’s of till material from the lowermost till layer in each pit (Figure 11). This material was then concentrated using a small Knelson MD3 concentrator, into an approximate 100g package of concentrate, which was then sent for analysis for a multi-element package at ALS Chemex.

Figure 11 Typical section of a pit on the line 7086300 N

The results for gold values in till is shown in Figure 12. The full results of the till samples are provided in the .xls file in the accompanying data disc.

Soil, vegetation, peat, 0.3 – 0.5 m

Top till, brownish yellow, fine grained; 0.5 – 1.0m

Boulder till, small and large boulders almost cemented with a clay rich till, 1.0 – 3.0m;

very hard to dig

Bottom till; grey, sandy to clay rich, 0.2 – 0.5 m

Bedrock


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Figure 12 Au values in till, superimposed on the JVX compilation map

Drilling In June 2004 Belvedere drilled 5 holes totalling 382.60 metres on the project as detailed in Table 2 and shown in Figure 13 - 14

Hole Easting Northing Azimuth Inclination Depth (m) Overburden Completed ANT001 2510365 7087630 035 45 109.60 5.60 15.06.2004 ANT002 2510655 7087440 035 45 120.30 8.70 17.06.2004 ANT003 2511721 7086575 035 45 50.00 1.90 18.06.2004 ANT004 2511983 7086308 035 45 49.70 7.30 21.06.2004 ANT005 2511104 7087092 035 45 53.00 4.40 22.06.2004 Total 382.60

Table 2 Details of diamond drilling on the Antinoja property


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Figure 13 Location of Belvederes drillholes in relation to topography


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Figure 14 Location of Belvedere’s drill holes in relation to Au in till and the JVX compilation map

In total 230 samples were taken averaging 1.20 metres in length. The sampled half core was sent to ALS Chemex for sample preparation and assaying (Table 3Table 4). The remaining drill core has been sent to the National Drill Core Depot in Loppi.

Analytical Procedures ALS Code Description Instrument Au-AA24 Au 50 g FA AA finish AAS Cu-AA62 Ore grade Cu – four acid / AAS AAS ME-ICP61 27 element four acid ICP-AES ICP-AES

Table 3 Methods used for assaying drillhole samples


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The detection limits for the various elements analysed were as follows: Analyte Value Analyte Value Analyte Value Au (ppm) 0.005 Cr (ppm) 1 Pb (ppm) 2 Ag (ppm) 0.5 Cu (ppm) 1 S (%) 0.01 Al (%) 0.01 Fe (%) 0.01 Sb (ppm) 5 As (ppm) 5 K (%) 0.01 Sr (ppm) 1 Ba (ppm) 10 Mg (%) 0.01 Ti (%) 0.01 Be (ppm) 0.5 Mn (ppm) 5 V (ppm) 1 Bi (ppm) 2 Mo (ppm) 1 W (ppm) 10 Ca (%) 0.01 Na (%) 0.01 Zn (ppm) 2 Cd (ppm) 0.5 Ni (ppm) 1 U (ppm) 10 Co (ppm) 1 P (ppm) 10

Table 4 Details of element detection limits

Results of Drilling The results of the drilling were very disappointing with only two samples returning values over 1 g/t Au. Table 5 shows all the samples greater than 0.2 g/t Au. The full data file is supplied in the accompanying data disc.

Hole No From To Interval Au ppm Cu ppm As ppm Ag ppm ANT001 37.20 38.60 1.40 0.256 931 50 0.7 ANT001 70.42 71.38 0.96 0.449 6200 251 0.5 ANT001 97.65 99.10 1.45 0.205 380 29 <0.5 ANT002 36.74 37.77 1.03 0.212 1310 69 <0.5 ANT002 43.90 45.10 1.20 0.615 378 33 <0.5 ANT002 79.85 81.00 1.15 0.644 458 176 <0.5 ANT002 102.25 102.90 0.65 1.245 11100 2830 4.8 ANT003 16.43 17.93 1.50 0.26 80 31 0.5 ANT005 24.90 25.67 0.77 1.17 89 87 <0.5

Table 5 All drillhole samples with Au values greater than 0.2 g/t Au

Mineral Discoveries No further mineral discoveries were made.

Exploitability of the Deposit As no significant source of gold mineralisation has been found on the Antinoja 1-5 claims, the claims were dropped.

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